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The application of nitrification-denitrification over nitrite (nitritation-denitritation) with municipal (i.e. diluted and cold (or low-temperature)) wastewater can substantially improve the energy balance of municipal wastewater treatment plants. For the accumulation of nitrite, it is crucial to inhibit nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) with simultaneous proliferation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The present study describes the effect of the influent total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) concentration on AOB and NOB activity in two moving bed biofilm reactors operated as sequencing batch reactors (SBR) at 15 °C (SBR I) and 21 °C (SBR II). The reactors were fed with diluted reject water containing 600, 300, 150 and 75 mg TAN L(-1). The only factor limiting NOB activity in these reactors was the high concentrations of free ammonia and/or free nitrous acid (FNA) during the SBR cycles. Nitrite accumulation was observed with influents containing 600, 300 and 150 mg TAN L(-1) in SBR I and 600 and 300 in SBR II. Once nitrate production established in the reactors, the increase of influent TAN concentration up to the original 600 mg TAN L(-1) did not limit NOB activity. This was due to the massive development of NOB clusters throughout the biofilm that were able to cope with faster formation of FNA. The results of the fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis preliminarily showed the stratification of bacteria in the biofilm.
- MeSH
- amoniak toxicita MeSH
- amoniové sloučeniny toxicita MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- bioreaktory mikrobiologie MeSH
- čištění vody MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
- kyselina dusitá toxicita MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Fyziologické změny propulzní aktivity trávicího ústrojí provázející stárnutí jsou klinicky nevýznamné, u zdravých dobrovolníků seniorů prokazujeme pouze mírně zpomalený tranzitní čas potravy tlustým střevem. Většina klinických potíží je způsobena organickým postižením trávicího traktu, jiným orgánovým nebo systémovým onemocněním (viscerální neuropatie při diabetů nebo Parkinsonově chorobě, chronická systémová zánědivá reakce, sklerodermie, hypotyreóza apod). Méně se ve vyšším věku setkáváme s funkčními gastrointestinálními porúchami. Symptomatická léčba zahrnuje především prokinetika, která stimulují propulzní aktivitu a upravují porušenou koordinaci gastrointestinálni motility. Je uveden přehled indikací prokinetik a diskutován jejich účinek u nejčastějších patologických stavů ve stáří.
Physiological changes of the propulsive activity of gastrointestinal system accompanying aging are clinically non signihcant; only mildly delayed colonic transit time was reported in healthy elderly volunteers. The majority of chnical symptoms is caused by organic disorders of the gastrointestinal system and/or by other organ pathology or systemic diseases (e.g. (visceral neuropathy in diabetes or Parkinson's disease, chronic inflammatory reaction, sclerodermia, hypothyroidism). Functional gastrointestinal disorders are less common in older age. Symptomatic treatment includes prokinetic drugs, which stimulate propulsive activity and improve impaired co-ordination of gastrointestinal motility. The article gives an overview of clinical indications for prokinetics use and discusses its effectiveness in the most common motility disorders in the old age.
- MeSH
- antagonisté dopaminu D2 MeSH
- antagonisté serotoninových receptorů 5-HT4 MeSH
- cholinergní agonisté terapeutické užití MeSH
- dietoterapie využití MeSH
- gastroezofageální reflux farmakoterapie MeSH
- gastrointestinální motilita fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- gastroparéza farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci autonomního nervového systému MeSH
- pooperační péče metody MeSH
- receptory dopaminu D2 terapeutické užití MeSH
- receptory serotoninové 5-HT4 terapeutické užití MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
Seasonal changes in the concentration of 21 pharmaceuticals in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in České Budějovice were investigated over 12months. The target compounds were 10 antibiotics, 4 antidepressants, 3 psychiatric drugs, 2 antihistamines and 2 lipid regulators. 272 Wastewater samples (136 influents and 136 effluents) were collected from March 2011 to February 2012 and analyzed using two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. All studied pharmaceuticals were frequently detected in both the influent and the effluent wastewater samples, except for meclozine, which was only found in the influent. The mean concentration of pharmaceuticals varied from 0.006μgL(-1) to 1.48μgL(-1) in the influent and from 0.003μgL(-1) to 0.93μgL(-1) in the effluent. The concentration of most pharmaceuticals was higher during winter.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky analýza chemie MeSH
- antidepresiva analýza chemie MeSH
- antihistaminika analýza chemie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza chemie MeSH
- hypolipidemika analýza chemie MeSH
- léčivé přípravky analýza chemie MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování MeSH
- odpadní voda analýza chemie MeSH
- roční období * MeSH
- skládková zařízení MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Anaerobic treatment of wastewater and waste organic solvents originating from the pharmaceutical and chemical industries was tested in a pilot anaerobic membrane bioreactor, which was operated for 580days under different operational conditions. The goal was to test the long-term treatment efficiency and identify inhibitory factors. The highest COD removal of up to 97% was observed when the influent concentration was increased by the addition of methanol (up to 25gL(-1) as COD). Varying and generally lower COD removal efficiency (around 78%) was observed when the anaerobic membrane bioreactor was operated with incoming pharmaceutical wastewater as sole carbon source. The addition of waste organic solvents (>2.5gL(-1) as COD) to the influent led to low COD removal efficiency or even to the breakdown of anaerobic digestion. Changes in the anaerobic population (e.g., proliferation of the genus Methanosarcina) resulting from the composition of influent were observed.
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- biopaliva MeSH
- bioreaktory MeSH
- farmaceutický průmysl * MeSH
- membrány umělé MeSH
- měření biologické spotřeby kyslíku MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- rozpouštědla metabolismus MeSH
- uhlík metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this study, the stability of 124 target analytes in influent and effluent wastewater samples during short-term (4°C) and long-term (-18°C) storage was assessed. The most common storage scenario was considered, in which samples were frozen immediately after sampling without any pre-treatment. During short-term storage more analytes remained stable (concentration during storage was in the range of 60-120% of the initial concentration) at 4°C than at -18°C. During long-term storage (-18°C), three types of behavior were observed: constant concentrations throughout the experimental period, decreasing concentrations with time, and loss of the compound from the sample after freezing. Differences between effluent and influent samples were observed for 50 out of 124 tested PPCPs. The amount of stable analytes decreased with time during long-term storage. 72% and 56% of the target compounds in the effluent and influent wastewater, respectively, remained stable during 60days of storage. The number of stable compounds decreased to 57 (46%) and 46 (37%) in the effluent and influent, respectively, over 120days. 15 Pharmaceuticals were lost after freezing/thawing cycle. The results stress the importance of storage factors during analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater. The stability of target compounds in the samples under the planned storage conditions should be checked before starting the experiment to obtain reliable data.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza chemie MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky analýza chemie MeSH
- léčivé přípravky analýza chemie MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- zmrazování MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The influence of industrial (pharmaceutical and chemical) wastewater composition on membrane bioreactor (MBR) performance was investigated in a pilot-scale installation. The study focussed on nitrification performance, which was evaluated based on influent and effluent parameters as well as batch nitrification rate tests. The industrial wastewater was pumped into the MBR in a mixture with municipal wastewater at constant flow rate. The loading of the MBR with industrial wastewater was increased stepwise from 0 to 75% share in the mixed influent to study the adaptation of nitrifying bacteria. Stable nitrification performance was observed until the content of industrial wastewater in the influent reached 40%, with effluent values of around 0.56 mg L(-1) NH4-N and 98.3% ammonia removal. Breakdown of nitratation was observed at a 40% industrial wastewater dose and breakdown of nitritation at a 50% dose, respectively. However, after several months of adaptation, both processes recovered. No nitrification was observed when the industrial wastewater share exceeded 50%. Adaptation of nitrifying bacteria in the MBR was also confirmed by results of kinetic tests. The inhibition effect of the concentrated industrial wastewater to the MBR sludge decreased substantially after several months of exposure, while the inhibition of referential activated sludge remained constant.
- MeSH
- bioreaktory * MeSH
- čištění vody * MeSH
- dusík izolace a purifikace MeSH
- filtrace MeSH
- membrány umělé * MeSH
- měření biologické spotřeby kyslíku MeSH
- nitrifikace * MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- odpadní vody chemie MeSH
- permeabilita MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- průmyslový odpad analýza MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- velkoměsta MeSH
Passive and composite sampling in combination with in vitro bioassays and identification and quantification of individual chemicals were applied to characterize pollution by compounds with several specific modes of action in urban area in the basin of two rivers, with 400,000 inhabitants and a variety of industrial activities. Two types of passive samplers, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) for hydrophobic contaminants and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) for polar compounds such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals, were used to sample wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent as well as rivers upstream and downstream of the urban complex and the WWTP. Compounds with endocrine disruptive potency were detected in river water and WWTP influent and effluent. Year-round, monthly assessment of waste waters by bioassays documented estrogenic, androgenic and dioxin-like potency as well as cytotoxicity in influent waters of the WWTP and allowed characterization of seasonal variability of these biological potentials in waste waters. The WWTP effectively removed cytotoxic compounds, xenoestrogens and xenoandrogens. There was significant variability in treatment efficiency of dioxin-like potency. The study indicates that the WWTP, despite its up-to-date technology, can contribute endocrine disrupting compounds to the river. Riverine samples exhibited dioxin-like, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic potencies. The study design enabled characterization of effects of the urban complex and the WWTP on the river. Concentrations of PAHs and contaminants and specific biological potencies sampled by POCIS decreased as a function of distance from the city.
- MeSH
- androgenní receptory metabolismus MeSH
- androgeny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- biotest MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza farmakologie MeSH
- čištění vody MeSH
- dioxiny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory analýza farmakologie MeSH
- estrogeny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- pesticidy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza farmakologie MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků metabolismus MeSH
- receptory pro estrogeny metabolismus MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- skládková zařízení MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
We analyzed 13 psychoactive pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent and the possibility of their degradation by biological and chemical processes. Tramadol (413-853 ng/L) and methamphetamine (460-682 ng/L) were the most concentrated compounds in the wastewater in winter and summer, respectively. A significant decrease in the concentration of tramadol in wastewater was measured during the summer. The lowest efficiency was observed for tramadol, venlafaxine, citalopram and oxazepam (∼ 10%) and the highest efficiency was observed for amphetamine and THC-COOH (∼ 80%). The efficiency of compound degradation via the Fenton reaction, a modified Fenton reaction and different degradation (by algae, wood-rotting fungi and enzymes at influent versus effluent) was determined. The Fenton reaction and its modification were efficient at eliminating these substances in comparison with the tested biological processes.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Chlorella chemie metabolismus MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- enzymy chemie MeSH
- kyseliny sírové chemie MeSH
- léčivé přípravky analýza chemie metabolismus MeSH
- odpadní voda analýza MeSH
- peroxid vodíku chemie MeSH
- Pleurotus chemie metabolismus MeSH
- železité sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Active life style (ALS) it is a form of life style (LS), that we understand like an interaction between individual and environment. This interaction in basic simplification has the two parts – biological and social. It is influent by physical, mental and social activity and behaviour. The LS formed the personality development, competence maintenance, performance and identity. It is determined by both internal (e.g. age, sex, health) and external conditions that reflect cultural traditions, social, economical, situation in the society etc. ALS is considered to be such LS where adequate regular physical activity has its place too. Physical is not considered only like a biological process but is also based on bio-psychosocial principle of the existence and functioning of the human. The problem is presented on the example of women seniors. The decisive factor that may influent the senior´s life quality there are the changes evoked by aging, mainly the changes that may influent the actual state of subject. From the biological variables seems to be a limited factor the changes of body mass, free fat mass and from this going out the altered abilities to realise the muscle work. This changes influent significantly the predispositions of senior´s organism for activity realisation that were realised regularly in middle age. In this study we verify the possibility to assess the ALS predispositions in seniors by help of selected body composition variables. The decisive variables that were assessed were parts of molecular model of body composition – coefficient of ECM/BCM and in the same hmotnost tukuprostá hmota %tuku 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 věk (roky) hmotnost, TPH (kg) %tuku (%) assess the biological age influence possibility by movement program that was imposed during one year. Physical fitness and realised physical performance was significantly increased in active senior women. From the long lasting evaluation follows that were delayed the physiological changes connected with aging. If we assess the biological age according to body composition variables and physical performance the minimal differences of 4 years between chronological and biological age was found.
Práce popisuje chronickou bolest jako multimodální fenomén v komplexním, biopsychosociálním pojetí. Seznamuje s některými psychosociálními faktory, které mohou individuálním způsobem ovlivňovat chronickou bolest.
The article describes chronic pain like multimodal biopsychosocial phenomenon and defines psychosocial factors, which can individually influent chronic pain.
- MeSH
- behaviorální symptomy MeSH
- emoce MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- nezvladatelná bolest dějiny psychologie MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
