Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global healthcare, including HIV care. eHealth emerged as an alternative to traditional in-person care. This study aimed to evaluate eHealth access among people living with HIV in Barcelona, Spain. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was used. Data were gathered through surveys (n = 82), semi-structured interviews, and a focus group to understand eHealth usage and perceptions. Results: 65% of survey respondents reported using eHealth services in their HIV unit at least once during the pandemic, while 52% reported never being offered these services, indicating a gap in availability and access. Participants identified convenience and timesaving as the main benefits of eHealth, particularly valuable during movement restrictions. Barriers such as perceived reduction in care quality, especially for those with language difficulties, were noted. While eHealth offers potential benefits, critical areas need addressing to ensure equitable access and high-quality care. Conclusion: Promoting eHealth services requires targeted improvements and understanding user preferences and needs. Tailoring eHealth solutions to diverse patient populations is crucial for successful implementation. As healthcare evolves post-pandemic, integrating eHealth to complement traditional care and address challenges faced by vulnerable populations, such as those living with HIV, is essential.

• MeSH
• digitální knihovny MeSH
• knihovní věda MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Informační věda
• NLK Obory
• knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie

Kvalitativní výzkum si v našem vědeckém bádání vydobyl svou jistou pozici. Jakkoliv se někdy může zdát, že přetrvává odlišení na ty, kdo preferují kvalitativní přístup a na ty kdo preferují kvantitativní perspektivu, v praxi velmi často dochází k používání obou přístupů, ať už paralelně nebo konsekutivně, v rámci jednoho výzkumného projektu. Tuzemská i zahraniční literatura již na tento trend reaguje a mluví se o tzv. třetím paradigmatu (mixedmethods, v Česku obvykle smíšený nebo integrovaný přístup). V následujícím článku uvedu rovinu uvažování nad kombinací kvalitativního a kvantitativního přístupu, přičemž k tématu přistupuji z pozice kvalitativního přístupu. Souhrn východisek kvalitativního přístupu na základě interpretativní pozice bude následován aktuálními diskusemi týkajícími se smíšeného výzkumu. Záměrem textu je předložit především zahraniční zdroje uvažující nad teoretickými východisky výzkumné praxe. Text tak může být inspirativní pro doplnění a rozvoj probíhajících diskusí v českém prostředí.

Qualitative research has achieved a distinct position in the scientific conduct. Even though it might seem that there is still a dividing line between those focused on qualitative perspective and those preferring quantitative methods, in practice both approaches are often combined. In international literature this trend is reflected in the formulation of so-called third paradigm named mixed-methods. However tensions still remain and the international debate continues. This theoretical study departures from the qualitative research position and shares a reflection on some issues that might come up when trying to combine both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first part of the following text principles for interpretative qualitative research tradition will be reviewed, theoretically embedded primarily in critical psychology. This philosophical standpoint dwelling in broader critical perspectives invites researchers to focus on complex data that are openly sensitive towards particular context, and analyze tensions, but also silences and omitted positions. They uncover dichotomies and false differentiation. Some inspiration for conducting qualitative research in interpretative tradition is offered, as well as example of research using both qualitative and quantitative methods with contradictory results is provided. So this parts concludes with stating importance of knowing ones position towards research and its possibilities. It also suggests that the basis for mixing methods is not smooth, even if the respective parties are interested in mutual collaboration and do not leave the option of mixing aside as such. In the next part of the text, overview on current debates on mixing methods resulting in establishing so-called third research paradigm is provided. While qualitative approach to research is typically embedded in interpretative paradigm, quantitative approaches tends to be embedded in positivism and related streams of thought. In order to reconcile possible contradictions some authors prefer to adopt a position called epistemological pragmatism. This enables to leave the discussion on inherent tensions between qualitative and quantitative approach based on epistemological differences and utilize respective methods to be able to fully engage their benefits and overcome disadvantages of each of them. On the other hand other authors acknowledge the possible epistemological conflicts and tensions and suggest to work with and through them, in the tradition described as dialectic pluralism. In this sense it seems difficult to use any method as just method, without the epistemological position that it might evoke. Overall the aim of the study is to introduce international debates evolving around theoretical background of research conduct with focus on interpretative qualitative paradigm and mixed methods. Thus the text can be inspiration and supplement for current debates in the Czech context.

• Klíčová slova
• kvantitativní výzkum, kritická psychologie,
• MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum * MeSH
• psychologie MeSH
• výzkum MeSH

V psychologickom výskume dominuje kvantitatívny prístup, na čo možno usúdiť z počtu publikovaných odborných článkov či už doma alebo v zahraničí. A platí to aj pre oblasť výskumu kvality života. A výskumy, ktoré využívajú obidve výskumné stratégie sú v oblasti kvality života zriedkavé. Zámerom tohto príspevku je prezentovať výsledky psychologických výskumov z inej oblasti, v ktorej bolo využitie zmiešaných metód úspešne aplikované a navrhnúť alternatívy pre ich využitie vo výskume kvality života. Tento zámer bol realizovaný dvojako: a) v príspevku je opísaných päť konkrétnych výskumov, ktoré využívajú "zmiešané metódy" pri analýze vyučovacieho procesu a boli navrhnuté alternatívy možného využitia týchto postupov pri výskume kvality života, b) je prezentovaný stručný opis návrhu, ktorý vznikol na základe výsledkov vlastného výskumu kvality života, ako aplikovať "zmiešané metódy" výskumu v tejto oblasti.

Current psychological research is dominated by a quantitative approach, which may be deduced from the number of research papers published at home and abroad; this applies to the research into quality of life as well. What is more, research endeavours utilizing both research strategies in the area of quality of life are rare. The objective of the paper is to present results of psychological research from a different area, in which mixed methods were successfully implemented, and to suggest alternatives for their employment in research into quality of life. The objective was reached in two ways: a) by describing five different pieces of research which use "mixed methods" in their analysis of teaching process, and by offering alternatives of their use within research into quality of life, b) by presenting a brief description of a suggestion of how to apply "mixed methods" in research into quality of life, which is a result of the author´s own research in the given area.

• Klíčová slova
• kvantitativní výzkum,
• MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma * MeSH
• kvalita života * psychologie   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Úvod: Digitální zdravotní intervence mají potenciál zlepšit přístup ke vzdělávacím programům. Ve výzkumu digitálního zdraví jsou přístupy založené na smíšených metodách účinné, protože osvětlují problémy z více úhlů pohledu. Cíl: Cílem přehledové studie bylo prozkoumat rozsah smíšených metod výzkumu za využití digitálních technologií v edukaci diabetiků u pacientů s diabetem 2. typu. Metodika: Pomocí vyhledávání v elektronických databázích PubMed, EBSCO a ScienceDirect jsme identifikovali 10 relevantních článků s použitím následujících termínů: "diabetes 2. typu A (internetový NEBO webový) A vzdělávání A smíšená metoda" a "diabetes 2. typu A edukace v rámci samoléčby diabetu A (webové NEBO internetové NEBO technologiemi asistovaná edukace) A smíšená metoda" a "diabetes mellitus 2. typu [MeSH Terms] A internet [MeSH Terms] A edukace [MeSH Terms] A smíšená metoda". Výsledky: Nejčastěji využívanou kvalitativní metodou byl hloubkový rozhovor kombinovaný s kvantitativním datovým šetřením. Nejčastěji využívanou intervencí bylo používání webových stránek. Závěr: Vzhledem k vysoké prevalenci diabetu a značnému nárůstu používání nových technologií jsme identifikovali pouze malý počet studií. Budoucí studie by se měly více zaměřit na zkušenosti účastníků a na faktory povzbuzující pacienty k účasti na takových vzdělávacích programech, jakož i na identifikaci nejúčinnějších online vzdělávacích nástrojů. Studie by také měly pracovat s větším počtem účastníků výzkumu.

Introduction: Digital health interventions have the potential to improve access to educational programmes. In digital health research, mixed-methods approaches are effective as they illuminate problems from multiple perspectives. Aim: The aim of this scoping review was to examine the extent of mixed-methods research on the use of digital technologies in diabetes education for patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We identified 10 relevant articles through a search in the PubMed, EBSCO and ScienceDirect electronic databases using the following terms: "type 2 diabetes AND (internet OR web based) AND education AND mixed method", and "type 2 diabetes AND diabetes self-management education AND (web-based OR internet OR technology assisted education) AND mixed method", and "diabetes mellitus, type 2 [MeSH Terms] AND internet [MeSH Terms] AND education [MeSH Terms] AND mixed method". Results: The most frequently used qualitative method was an in-depth interview combined with a quantitative data survey. The most frequently used intervention was the use of websites. Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of diabetes and considerable increase in the use of new technologies, we identified only a small number of studies. Future studies should focus more on participants' experiences and on factors encouraging patients to participate in such educational programmes, as well as on identifying the most effective online educational tools. Studies should also use larger samples.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ošetřování na dálku MeSH
• pacienti MeSH
• self-management výchova   MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Analysis of population genetic structure has become a standard approach in population genetics. In polyploid complexes, clustering analyses can elucidate the origin of polyploid populations and patterns of admixture between different cytotypes. However, combining diploid and polyploid data can theoretically lead to biased inference with (artefactual) clustering by ploidy. We used simulated mixed-ploidy (diploid-autotetraploid) data to systematically compare the performance of k-means clustering and the model-based clustering methods implemented in STRUCTURE, ADMIXTURE, FASTSTRUCTURE and INSTRUCT under different scenarios of differentiation and with different marker types. Under scenarios of strong population differentiation, the tested applications performed equally well. However, when population differentiation was weak, STRUCTURE was the only method that allowed unbiased inference with markers with limited genotypic information (co-dominant markers with unknown dosage or dominant markers). Still, since STRUCTURE was comparatively slow, the much faster but less powerful FASTSTRUCTURE provides a reasonable alternative for large datasets. Finally, although bias makes k-means clustering unsuitable for markers with incomplete genotype information, for large numbers of loci (>1000) with known dosage k-means clustering was superior to FASTSTRUCTURE in terms of power and speed. We conclude that STRUCTURE is the most robust method for the analysis of genetic structure in mixed-ploidy populations, although alternative methods should be considered under some specific conditions.

• MeSH
• diploidie MeSH
• genetická variace genetika   MeSH
• genetické markery genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice genetika   MeSH
• ploidie * MeSH
• populační genetika statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive questionnaire survey on the practices of research ethics committees reviewing academic research projects in Czechia. The study aims to provide an unbiased and objective assessment of the current practices of research ethics committees, namely to obtain the missing data on their functioning in the context of academic research, to identify difficulties and shortages that threaten the responsible functioning of research ethics committees in the country and to investigate the implementation of Additional Protocol on Biomedical Research CETS No. 195 in their practice. Such research has never been conducted in Czechia. METHODS: This was a mixed-methods study, in which the online survey with closed and open-ended questions was chosen to explore the situation regarding ethics assessment of research involving human participants. We developed a questionnaire containing 18 questions concerning several aspects of the functioning of research ethics committees. The questionnaire was in Czech language and was administered through the Qualtrics platform anonymously. The target group of 61 research ethics committees at research institutions was approached by emails and we received 43 completely filled questionnaires, i.e., response rate of 67%. RESULTS: We obtained valuable data on the functioning of research ethics committees in Czechia in three main domains: the mandate and composition of the committee; the scope of its agenda; the process of evaluation including the voting procedure. In addition, the final set of open-ended questions provided an in-depth look at the problems faced by research ethics committees in Czechia. From the results is evident that the responsible assessment of the ethics of research involving human subjects is still not satisfactorily addressed and established for routine practice in the country. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of our study revealed that the main problem of research ethics in Czechia is the lack of national legislation on research ethics governance. To address this problem, the country requires a legislative framework accompanied by supportive measures aimed at educating, guiding and advising research ethics committees, especially in the Czech academic environment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Not applicable.

• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum etika   MeSH
• etické komise - výzkum * MeSH
• etické zhodnocení MeSH
• etika výzkumu * MeSH
• experimenty na lidech etika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Changes in public attitudes toward "authorities" in general, as well as shifts in medical practice toward participative models of diagnosis and treatment, imply fundamental transformations in the patient-doctor relationship. However, consistency in reciprocal role expectations cannot be assumed, and this study reveals significant discrepancies in attitudes and behaviors in primary health consultations. METHODS: We conducted a study in the tri-lingual northeastern Italian region of South Tyrol to determine whether perceptions of the patient's role were congruent or differed. In a mixed method approach, the quantitative research part consisted of a survey with 34 identical questions for general practitioners (n = 109) and adult primary care patients (n = 506) on verbal communication, self-initiative and health literacy, interpersonal and social qualities of the patient-physician relationship, and formal aspects of the consultation. Patients were interviewed via telephone, and general practitioners responded online. In the qualitative part, 26 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with the patients and analyzed. RESULTS: General practitioners considered patients' communicative efforts (p < 0.001), self-initiative (p < 0.001), compliance (p = 0.0026), and openness regarding psychosocial issues (p < 0.001) to be significantly more important, whereas patients showed a tendency to give increased importance to formal aspects such as politeness and hygiene (p < 0.001). Perception of the patient's role differed significantly between the Italian and German linguistic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients and general practitioners differ in their understanding of patients' roles. These data suggest that a considerable proportion of the population lacks a clear and tangible idea of the active role they could play in consultations. Targeted information on the identified aspects of patient-provider communication may facilitate participatory behavior and positively impact the longitudinal quality of the patient-general practitioner relationship.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Úvod: Pineální krajina je hluboká oblast mozku obklopená vysoce elokventními strukturami. Expanzivní léze, které nacházíme v této oblasti, jsou cysty glandula pinealis, nádory glandula pinealis (od pineocytomu po pinealoblastom) a dále metastázy, germinální nádory, meningeomy, gliomy, hemangioblastomy a neuroektodermální nádory. Léčebná strategie je závislá především na anatomickém uložení a histologickém typu nádoru. S výjimkou germinativních tumorů je metodou volby u všech nádorů chirurgická resekce. Metody: Mikrochirurgické přístupy: V současné době je nejrozšířenější mikrochirurgický supracerebelární-infratentoriální přístup. I přes jistá rizika umožňuje přehledný, kompletně extracerebrální přístup až do pineální krajiny s minimální retrakcí mozečku. Druhý základní přístup je mikrochirurgický okcipitální-transtentoriální přístup, který lze s výhodou použít, pokud nádor zasahuje výrazně supratentoriálně. Další možností je interhemisferický-transkalózní přístup či transkortikální-transventrikulární přístup. Endoskopické přístupy: Neuroendoskopie umožnuje minimálně invazivním přístupem provést biopsii nádoru a v jedné době léčit i případný hydrocefalus. Stereotaktická biopsie: Stereotaktická jehlová biopsie představuje alternativu k endoskopické biopsii u pacientů bez hydrocefalu nebo u dorzálně uložených lézí, které nejsou přístupné ze třetí komory. Závěr: Současná neurochirurgie disponuje širokou paletou operačních přístupů k pineální krajině. Komplexní problematika nádorů v této oblasti vyžaduje individualizovanou léčbu, pečlivé předoperační plánování a precizní chirurgickou techniku.

Introduction: The pineal region is a deep-seated part of the brain surrounded by highly eloquent structures. Differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions in this region encompasses pineal gland cysts, pineal gland tumours, metastases, germ cell tumours, meningiomas, gliomas, hemangioblastomas and neuroectodermal tumours. A treatment strategy is based mainly on tumour anatomical characteristics and histological type. Except germinatous tumours, a surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Methods: Microsurgical approaches: The microsurgical supracerebellar-infratentorial approach is an essential approach to the pineal region. Despite certain risks, it allows a straightforward and completely extracerebral approach with a minimal cerebellar retraction. The other basic approach is the microsurgical occipital-transtentorial approach that is advantageous in patients with a supratentorial tumour extension or a steep tentorium. The interhemispheric-transcallosal approach and the transcortical-transventricular approach are possible options in selected cases. Endoscopic approaches: The neuroendoscopy provides a minimally invasive method to perform a tumour biopsy and to treat hydrocephalus in one session. Stereotactic biopsy: The stereotactic needle biopsy represents an alternative to the endoscopic biopsy in patients without hydrocephalus and in patients with dorsally located lesions inaccessible from the third ventricle. Conclusion: Modern neurosurgery offers a rich variety of surgical approaches to the pineal region. The complexity of space-occupying lesions in this region requires an individualised treatment, a prudent preoperative planning and a meticulous surgical technique.

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• epifýza mozková anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• jehlová biopsie MeSH
• kraniotomie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony MeSH
• neurochirurgické výkony metody   MeSH
• neuroendoskopie využití   MeSH
• pinealom * diagnóza   etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• stereotaktické techniky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility outcomes of implementing a multicomponent staff training intervention (PROCUIDA-Demencia) to promote psychosocial interventions and reduce antipsychotic prescription in Mexican care homes and study its effect on staff's care experience and residents' quality of life. DESIGN: A mixed-methods 2-arm cluster randomized controlled pilot study of a 2-day staff training program with baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks of the PROCUIDA-Demencia intervention vs treatment as usual (TAU). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Eight care homes in Mexico City were selected, from which 55 residents and 126 staff were recruited. INTERVENTION: In situ staff training consisting of evidence-based manualized psychosocial interventions of person-centered activities, reminiscence therapy, doll therapy, psychomotor dance therapy, and antipsychotic prescription review. Fidelity to protocol was supervised once a week. METHODS: Cluster-level feasibility measures included views of staff, residents, and relatives on acceptability, satisfaction, adherence, and fidelity to the intervention. Staff outcome measures were Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire, and Sense of Competence in Dementia Care Staff. Residents' outcome measures included Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease scale (QoL-AD), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home Version (NPI-NH). Staff distress was measured using the NPI-NH occupational disturbance scale. Feasibility was elicited through a focus group, and hierarchical linear mixed effects models were used to assess the adjusted effects of the respective measures. RESULTS: Observed medical practice showed the prescription of at least 1 antipsychotic in 41% of participants in the intervention group. Overall, 39% of residents reported discontinuation, and 15% reduction of antipsychotics, following the 12-week medical review in parallel with psychosocial interventions. Clinical outcomes contributed positively to the reduction in baseline staff burden according to the MBI after the intervention [mean difference -8.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) -17.7, -0.1, P = .049] and to the reduction in severity and frequency of behavior as per NPI-NH in residents (mean difference -9.4, 95% CI -17.5, -1.3, P = .025). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: PROCUIDA-Demencia is a feasible intervention for Mexican care homes. Results contribute to the Mexican Dementia Plan optimizing dementia care by supporting the need for staff training to implement psychosocial interventions prior to prescribing antipsychotic medication.

• MeSH
• demence * psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• kvalita života * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pečovatelské domovy MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH