V článku prezentujeme publikované výsledky dosavadních studií zaměřených na uplatňování tradičních místně specifických terapeutických po?stupů při léčbě drogové závislosti. v období 2007-2009 jsme provedli devítiměsíční terénní výzkum v Centru pro odvykací léčbu uživatelů drog a výzkum tradičních léčiv Takiwasi ve městě Tarapoto v Peru. Na základě statistické analýzy záznamů v místním archivu bylo prokázáno, že 27 % pacientů absolvujících v letech 1999-2009 rezidenční léčbu (N=341) bylo na konci devítiměsíční odvykací kúry označeno terapeuty za vyléčené. 43 % z nich z centra dobrovolně odešlo před uplynutím devítiměsíční lhůty předepsané terapeutickým týmem s tím, že se dle svého názoru již závislosti rovněž zbavili. Od září 2073 probíhal také sběr dalších dat v rámci zjišťování míry setrvání v léčbě u aktuálních interních pacientů centra Takiwasi, jakož i čtyř dalších terapeutických komunit: Centro de Especialidades en Adicciones (Managua, Nikaragua), Sejřek, Renarkon a Zařízení sociální intervence Kladno Dubí. Za tímto účelem byla použita škála Dimensions of Change Instrument (DCI) poskytnutá organizací Phoenix House Foundation, Inc. Statistická analýza poukázala na čtyři klíčové škálové faktory, které byly následně analyzovány a porovnány s výsledky terénního výzkumu a zúčastněněho pozorování Pomocí tohoto postupu bylo také možné ověřit explanatornípotenciál škály, která má být administrována po dobu jednoho roku (do září 2014) jako primární nástroj měření retence. Výsledky studie potvrdily multidimenzionální a multifaktorovou povahu závislosti. Výsledky rovněž svědčí o významu soudržnosti terapeutické skupiny jako nezbytného předpokladu zajištění účinné léčby.

This article deals with the published results of previous studies on the application of traditional indigenous medicine in the treatment of drug addiction. We conducted nine months of fieldwork at the Takiwasi Centre for the Rehabilitation of Drug Addicts and for Research on Traditional Medicines, Tarapoto, Peru, during the period between 2007 and 2009. The statistical analysis of reports in the local archive demonstrated that 27% of inpatients in the years 1999-2009 (N=341) were classified by the therapists as cured at the end of the nine-month-long rehabilitation process. 43% of them left the centre voluntarily before the nine months prescribed by the therapeutic team, stating that they had recovered from their addiction. Other data has also been collected since September 2013, while measuring the retention of the current inpatients at Takiwasi, as well as in four other therapeutic communities: Centro de Especialidades en Adicciones (Managua, Nicaragua), Sejrek, Renarkon, and the Kladno-Dubi Centre for Social Intervention, using the "Dimensions of Change Scale" provided by Phoenix House Foundation, Inc. The statistical analysis indicated four key factors on the scale that were later analysed and compared with the results of the fieldwork and participant observation. It also helped us to verify the explanatory potential of the scale, which was going to be applied during the period of one year up till September 2014 as a primary tool for the measurement of the retention.The results of the study verified the multidimensional and multifactorial nature of addiction. The results also reflect the importance of the cohesion of the therapeutic group, which is necessary to ensure the efficacy of rehabilitation.

• MeSH
• centra pro terapii drogových závislostí metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• délka pobytu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * farmakoterapie   psychologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• spirituální terapie MeSH
• tradiční lékařství metody   MeSH
• uživatelé drog MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Nikaragua MeSH
• Peru MeSH

Historie medicíny a lékařství od nejstarších dob, celý svět, znalosti, lékaři, techniky, léky, chronologicky řazeno,

• MeSH
• dějiny lékařství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• dějiny lékařství

The article presents a comprehensive list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Peru. Distribution data for 592 valid names of species-group taxa in 76 genera and 12 subfamilies were collected through a bibliographical review. The most diverse subfamilies in terms of species richness are Myrmicinae (273 species/subspecies), Formicinae (86 species/subspecies) and Ponerinae (71 species/subspecies). The most diverse genera are Pheidole (86 species/subspecies), Camponotus (73 species/subspecies), and Pseudomyrmex (47 species/subspecies). With respect to geographic divisions, richness is highest in Madre de Dios (245 species/subspecies), followed by Huanuco (109 species/subspecies) and Cusco (104 species/subspecies). Regions in greatest need of additional survey work are Aycucho, Huancavelica, Moquegua and Tacna, from which virtually no information on the ant fauna is available.

• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• Formicidae anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kontrolní seznam MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Peru MeSH

Illiosentis Van Cleave et Lincicome, 1939 initially included two species: Illiosentis furcatus Van Cleave et Lincicome, 1939 found in the West Atlantic from Cape Cod in Massachusetts, USA to northern Argentina and Illiosentis cetratus Van Cleave, 1945 with restricted distribution in the Pacific coast of southern California. We are reporting I. furcatus from Peru for the first time and describe a population of I. cetratus from the California corbina, Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard), from southern California. The proboscis hook formula was 14 longitudinal rows for I. furcatus of 18-23 hooks each compared to 16 rows of 19-24 hooks each reported by Van Cleave (1945). We complete the inadequate description of I. cetratus with new information on sexual differentiation in the length of the trunk, dorsal vs. ventral hooks, hook roots, trunk spines, two types of anterior recurved rooted hooks vs. posterior rootless straight hooks, measurements of dorsal and ventral hooks and spines, shape of hook roots, terminal position of the female gonopore, and of position of the cephalic ganglion at the anterior margin of the trunk. We also include new details of the reproductive system in both sexes including Saefftigen's pouch and cement gland ducts. We present new SEM and light microscope images. The Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) shows a high level of sulfur in anterior, middle and posterior hooks in various hook sites, as well as spectra of hook tips with a higher relative concentration of sulfur compared to other hook sites. For the placement of I. cetratus, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of three molecular markers, 18S, 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cox 1 genes, was performed with other related available sequences. The resulting analysis illustrated that I. cetratus was nested within a separate clade along with species of two genera, Dentitruncus truttae Sinzar, 1955 and Neotegorhynchus cyprini Lisitsyna, Xi, Orosová, Barčák et Oros, 2022 represented our species of Illiosentis separate from species of Tegorhynchus Van Cleave, 1921 (as also according to the morphology) with which the Illiosentis species were previously synonymised.

• MeSH
• Acanthocephala * anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• helmintózy zvířat * epidemiologie   MeSH
• nemoci ryb * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Perciformes * MeSH
• síra MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Peru MeSH

A survey of proteocephalidean cestodes found in the firewood catfish Sorubimichthys planiceps (Spix et Agassiz) from the Amazon River is provided. The following taxa parasitic in S. planiceps are redescribed on the basis of their type specimens and material collected recently in the Amazon River, near the type localities in Brazil, and in Iquitos, Peru: Monticellia lenha Woodland, 1933; Nomimoscolex lenha (Woodland, 1933) (syn. Proteocephalus lenha Woodland, 1933); and Monticellia megacephala Woodland, 1934, for which a new genus, Lenhataenia, is proposed, with L. megacephala (Woodland, 1934) comb. n. as its type and only species. The new genus is a member of the Monticelliinae, i.e. has all genital organs in the cortex, and is most similar to Chambriella in possessing biloculate suckers and lacking a metascolex. It differs in the morphology of the cirrus-sac that contains a strongly coiled, thick-walled internal sperm duct (vas deferens) and a muscular cirrus of the appearance typical of most proteocephalideans, whereas that of Chambriella is sigmoid, with voluminous, tightly sinuous thick-walled internal sperm duct. In addition, Lenhataenia possesses a well developed internal musculature, whereas the internal musculature of Chambriella is weakly developed, formed by a low number of muscle fibres. The scolex morphology and distribution of microtriches of Peltidocotyle lenha (Woodland, 1933) (syn. Othinoscolex lenha Woodland, 1933 and Othinoscolex myzofer Woodland, 1933), Chambriella sp. and Choanoscolex sp. are described using scanning electron microscopy. The two latter taxa may be new for science and are reported from S. planiceps for the first time.

• MeSH
• Cestoda anatomie a histologie   izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• sumci parazitologie   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH
• Peru MeSH

As species recover from exploitation, continued assessments of connectivity and population structure are warranted to provide information for conservation and management. This is particularly true in species with high dispersal capacity, such as migratory whales, where patterns of connectivity could change rapidly. Here we build on a previous long-term, large-scale collaboration on southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) to combine new (nnew) and published (npub) mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite genetic data from all major wintering grounds and, uniquely, the South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur: SG) feeding grounds. Specifically, we include data from Argentina (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 208/46), Brazil (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 50/50), South Africa (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 66/77, npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 350/47), Chile-Peru (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 1/1), the Indo-Pacific (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 769/126), and SG (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 8/0, nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 3/11) to investigate the position of previously unstudied habitats in the migratory network: Brazil, SG, and Chile-Peru. These new genetic data show connectivity between Brazil and Argentina, exemplified by weak genetic differentiation and the movement of 1 genetically identified individual between the South American grounds. The single sample from Chile-Peru had an mtDNA haplotype previously only observed in the Indo-Pacific and had a nuclear genotype that appeared admixed between the Indo-Pacific and South Atlantic, based on genetic clustering and assignment algorithms. The SG samples were clearly South Atlantic and were more similar to the South American than the South African wintering grounds. This study highlights how international collaborations are critical to provide context for emerging or recovering regions, like the SG feeding ground, as well as those that remain critically endangered, such as Chile-Peru.

• MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• genotypizační techniky MeSH
• migrace zvířat MeSH
• ostrovy MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• velryby genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH
• Chile MeSH
• ostrovy MeSH
• Peru MeSH

Two new genera and three new species of paramphistomoid digeneans are described in the family Cladorchiidae Fischoeder, 1901 from doradid, heptapterid, pimelodid and pseudopimelodid fishes in the Amazon River in Peru. Goeldamphistomum amazonum n. g., n. sp. (type-species) from Goeldiella eques (Müller & Troschel) (type-host) and Tenellus trimaculatus (Boulenger), and Goeldamphistomum peruanum n. g., n. sp. from Duopalatinus peruanus Eigenmann & Allen (type-host), Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein) and Microglanis sp. are placed in the Dadayiinae Fukui, 1929. Both species have an accessory acetabular sucker, which distinguishes the genus from all taxa previously reported from South American freshwater fishes. They differ from each other primarily in that G. amazonum has a prebifurcal genital pore and oblique, separated testes, the levels of which rarely overlap longitudinally, whereas G. peruanum has a postbifurcal genital pore and testes directly to obliquely tandem. Iquitostrema papillatum n. g., n. sp. (Kalitrematinae Travassos, 1933) from the intestine of Hassar orestis (Steindachner) differs from other members of the subfamily in the combination of a massive acetabulum with a papillate luminal surface and symmetrical testes which overlie the caeca close to the caecal arch. These are the first records of paramphistomes from the five host species studied here.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• hostitelská specificita MeSH
• řeky parazitologie   MeSH
• ryby parazitologie   MeSH
• Trematoda anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Peru MeSH

• MeSH
• erythropoetin MeSH
• experimentální nádory MeSH
• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH
• kongresy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• onkologie

• MeSH
• alergická kontaktní dermatitida terapie   etiologie   MeSH
• alergologie a imunologie MeSH
• balzámy škodlivé účinky   dějiny   MeSH
• ekzematózní onemocnění kůže MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• dermatovenerologie
• alergologie a imunologie

Species of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex are important human pathogens which can be recovered from animals and food, potential sources for their dissemination. The aim of the present study was to characterise the Acinetobacter isolates recovered from market meat samples in Peru. From July through August 2012, 138 meat samples from six traditional markets in Lima were cultured in Lysogeny and Selenite broths followed by screening of Gram-negative bacteria in selective media. Bacterial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and DNA-based methods and assessed for their clonal relatedness and antimicrobial susceptibility. Twelve Acinetobacter isolates were recovered from calf samples. All but one strain were identified as members of the clinically-relevant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex: 9 strains as Acinetobacter pittii, 1 strain as A. baumannii, and 1 strain as the recently described novel species A. dijkshoorniae. The remaining strain could not be identified at the species level unambiguously but all studies suggested close relatedness to A. bereziniae. All isolates were well susceptible to antibiotics. Based on macrorestriction analysis, six isolates were further selected and some of them were associated with novel MLST profiles. The presence of pathogenic Acinetobacter species in human consumption meat might pose a risk to public health as potential reservoirs for their further spread into the human population. Nevertheless, the Acinetobacter isolates from meat found in this study were not multidrug resistant and their prevalence was low. To our knowledge, this is also the first time that the A. dijkshoorniae species is reported in Peru.

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Acinetobacter mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maso mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• nemoci skotu mikrobiologie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Peru MeSH