Position-related
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V klinické praxi se často setkáváme s polohově vázanými závratěmi. Důležitým momentem pro volbu léčebného postupu je správná diferenciálně diagnostická rozvaha. Nejčastěji se vyskytující polohovou závratí je dle dostupné literatury (2, 4, 9) benigní paroxyzmální polohové vertigo (BPPV). Toto onemocnění jsme ve většině případů schopni diagnostikovat prostřednictvím specifických polohových testů a následně ho i úspěšně léčit. Je však nutné znát zásadní odlišnosti v klinickém obrazu BPPV od ostatních závratí, a tím předejít diagnostickým a léčebným omylům.
In clinical practice we often encounter position-related vertigo. Correct differential diagnosis is of principal significance for selection of therapeutic procedure. The available literature (2, 4, 9) indicates that most frequently occurring position-related vertigo is the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The disease can be diagnosed in most cases by means of specific position tests and subsequently successfully treated. However, principal differences of the clinical picture of BPPV from other kinds of vertigo must be established in order to avoid diagnostic and therapeutic errors.
- MeSH
- elektromyografie MeSH
- krk MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- svaly fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- novorozenec MeSH
Efficient movements require intact motor and cognitive function. There is a growing literature on motor-cognitive interventions to improve the overall quality of life of healthy or diseased older people. For such interventions, novel technological advances are crucial not only in terms of motivation but also to improve the user experience in a multi-stimuli world, usually offered as a mixture of real and virtual environments. This article provides a classification system for movement-related research dealing with motor-cognitive interventions performed in different extents of a virtual environment. The classification is divided into three categories: (a) type of digital device with the associated degree of immersiveness provided; (b) presence or absence of a human-computer interaction; and (c) activity engagement during training, defined by activity >1.5 Metabolic Equivalent of task. Since virtual reality (VR) often categorizes different technologies under the same term, we propose a taxonomy of digital devices ranging from computer monitors and projectors to head-mounted VR technology. All immersive technologies that have developed rapidly in recent years are grouped under the umbrella term Extended Reality (XR). These include augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and VR, as well as all technologies that have yet to be developed. This technology has potential not only for gaming and entertainment, but also for research, motor-cognitive training programs, rehabilitation, telemedicine, etc. This position paper provides definitions, recommendations, and guidelines for future movement-related interventions based on digital devices, human-computer interactions, and physical engagement to use terms more consistently and contribute to a clearer understanding of their implications.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The evidence that introns can influence different levels of transfer of genetic information between DNA and the final product is increasing. Longer first introns were found to be a general property of eukaryotic gene structure and shown to contain a higher fraction of conserved sequence and different functional elements. Our work brings more precise information about the position of the longest introns in human protein-coding genes and possible connection with biological function and gene expression. According to our results, the position of the longest intron can be localized to the first third of introns in 64%, the second third in 19%, and the third in 17%, with notable peaks at the middle and last introns of approximately 5% and 6%, respectively. The median lengths of the longest introns decrease with increasing distance from the start of the gene from approximately 15,000 to 5,000 bp. We have shown that the position of the longest intron is in some cases linked to the biological function of the given gene. For example, DNA repair genes have the longest intron more often in the second or third. In the distribution of gene expression according to the position of the longest intron, tissue-specific profiles can be traced with the highest expression usually at the absolute positions of intron 1 and 2. In this work, we present arguments supporting the hypothesis that the position of the longest intron in a gene is another biological factor modulating the transmission of genetic information. The position of the longest intron is related to biological functions in some human genes.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Heritability studies on sport-related traits accepted that endurance, speed, power, and strength abilities include an active genetic predisposition to elite soccer participation. This study evaluates the influence of selected genetic variants on performance in speed, power, and strength laboratory tests on a group of elite soccer players, including their playing position. A ninety-nine male elite soccer players were compared to controls (n = 107) and tested for quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic strength at speed 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s, jump performance, and genotypes of ACTN3 (R577X, rs1815739), ACE (I/D, rs1799752), NOS3 (Glu298Asp, rs1799983), AMPD1 (34C/T, rs17602729), UCP2 (Ala55Val, rs660339), BDKRB2 (+9/-9, rs5810761) and IL1RN (VNTR 86-bp). The ACTN3 XX homozygotes in defenders had lower quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic strength in all tested speeds than ACTN3 RX and RR genotypes (p < 0.05). The ACTN3 RR homozygotes in defenders had higher quadriceps strength in all tested velocities than the RX heterozygotes (p < 0.05). We also found other associations between playing-position in soccer and increased strength of lower limbs for AMPD1 CC and NOS3 Glu/Glu genotypes, and IL1RN*2 allele carriers. Total genetic score regression explained 26% of the variance in jump performance and isokinetic strength. The ACTN3 R allele, NOS3 Glu/Glu genotypes, and IL1RN*2 allele pre-disposed the attackers and defenders playing position in elite soccer, where those positions have higher strength and power measures than midfielders. Midfielders have lower strength and power conditions than other playing positions without relation to strength and power genes.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Perioperative ulnar neuropathies attributed to inappropriate arm positioning and padding during surgical procedures are commonly found in adults. However, their extremely rare incidence in the pediatric population may cause absent awareness of the risk of nerve injury in anesthetized pediatric patients. Furthermore, young patients respond to conservative treatment of neuropathy less favorably than adults and their response also depends on the pathomechanism of the ulnar nerve injury. A surgeon's or anesthetist's failure to recognize all of these specifics in children may result in substantial morbidity of young patients leading to lawsuits. Fortunately, with an adequate knowledge of surgical anatomy and types of procedures and positions in which the ulnar nerve is particularly vulnerable, and familiarity with measures to minimize the potential for neuropathy, this serious complication can be prevented. The aims of this review are to highlight personal experience and current knowledge of the rare position-related ulnar neuropathy, both from a clinical and anatomical-pathophysiological perspective, and to raise awareness about this rare but serious complication in the pediatric population.
Loss of totipotentcy in an early embryo is directed by molecular processes responsible for cell fate decisions. Three dimensional genome organisation is an important factor linking chromatin architecture with stage specific gene expression patterns. Little is known about the role of chromosome organisation in gene expression regulation of lineage specific factors in mammalian embryos. Using bovine embryos as a model we have described these interactions at key developmental stages. Three bovine chromosomes (BTA) that differ in size, number of carried genes, and contain loci for key lineage regulators OCT4, NANOG and CDX2, were investigated. The results suggest that large chromosomes regardless of their gene density (BTA12 gene-poor, BTA5 gene-rich) do not significantly change their radial position within the nucleus. Gene loci however, may change its position within the chromosome territory (CT) and relocate its periphery, when stage specific process of gene activation is required. Trophectoderm specific CDX2 and epiblast precursor NANOG loci tend to locate on the surface or outside of the CTs, at stages related with their high expression. We postulate that the observed changes in CT shape reflect global alternations in gene expression related to differentiation.
- MeSH
- buněčné jádro genetika MeSH
- buněčný rodokmen MeSH
- embryonální vývoj MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
- nanog genetika metabolismus MeSH
- oktamerní transkripční faktor 3 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- savčí chromozomy genetika MeSH
- skot MeSH
- transkripční faktor CDX2 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To assess occupational complexity in midlife in relation to psychological distress in older adulthood (69+ years) and explore the role of socioeconomic position. METHOD: Baseline data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey and follow-up data from the Swedish Longitudinal Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old were combined, resulting in 20+ years of follow-up. Data were analyzed using ordered logistic regressions. RESULTS: Higher occupational complexity was associated with less psychological distress 20 years later adjusted for age, sex, follow-up year, hours worked the year before baseline, and psychological distress at baseline. Higher socioeconomic position yielded the same pattern of results. Socioeconomic position partially accounted for the association between occupational complexity and psychological distress. DISCUSSION: With social gradient not easily amenable to modification, efforts to increase engagement at work may offer a viable option to attenuate the influence of work environment on psychological distress later in life.
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- psychický stres epidemiologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- společenská třída * MeSH
- zaměstnání * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Švédsko MeSH
- MeSH
- DNA helmintů analýza MeSH
- Dracunculus (Nematoda) genetika klasifikace MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hlístice genetika klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ribozomální DNA analýza MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
PURPOSE: Recent studies describe significant rates of heterotopic ossification (HO) after cervical total disc replacement (CTDR). Little is known about the reasons, and one aspect that requires further in vivo investigation is the biomechanical alteration after CTDR and the role of the implant-related centre of rotation (CORi) in particular. The role of the sagittal position of the CORi on functional outcome in two versions of a semi-constrained disc prosthesis with sagittally different CORi is the topic of this study. METHODS: Patients were candidates for single-level CTDR between C3 and C7 who suffered from CDDD and received a standard or flat version of activ C™ (Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen). Clinical and radiographic assessments were determined preoperatively, intraoperatively, at discharge and again at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 and 2 years. Radiographic examinations were performed independently using specialized quantitative motion analysis software. RESULTS: Clinical outcome improved significantly regarding NDI as well as VAS on neck and arm pain with no differences in mean improvement by study group. Segmental angle measures show a significantly better lordotic alignment for both groups after surgery, but the degree of correction achieved is higher in the flat group. Correlation analysis proves that the more anterior the CORi is positioned, the higher the lordotic correction is achieved (Pearson rho -0.385). Segmental ROM decreased in the standard group but was maintained for flat implants. At present, our data do not demonstrate a correlation between CORi and ROM at 2 years. Two years after surgery, severe HO grade III-IV was present in 31.6 % standard and 13.1 % flat cases with significant differences. Grouping according to HO severity showed comparable sagittal positions of CORi for flat implants but a more posterior position in the severe HO group for standard implants. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the influence of CORi location on segmental alignment, kinematics and HO for a semi-constrained CTDR, but it also indicates a multifactorial process.
- MeSH
- artroplastika meziobratlové ploténky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- heterotopická osifikace etiologie MeSH
- krční obratle radiografie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lordóza radiografie MeSH
- meziobratlová ploténka radiografie chirurgie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
