Úvod: Léčba bifurkačních lézí představuje asi 15–20 % všech perkutánních koronárních intervencí. Dedikované bifurkační stenty mají za cíl zjednodušit intervenční léčbu bifurkačních lézí a zlepšit její časné i dlouhodobé výsledky. Cílem našeho prospektivního registru bylo posoudit bezpečnost a dlouhodobou průchodnost stentu Tryton Side Branch v šestiměsíčním angiografickém a klinickém sledování. Metodika: Do našeho registru bylo zahrnuto 42 pacientů s bifurkačními lézemi. Primární sledovaný ukazatel představoval souhrn šestiměsíčních závažných nežádoucích kardiovaskulárních příhod (MACE – kardiální úmrtí, infarkt myokardu, nutnost opakované revaskularizace), dále byla hodnocena angiografická průchodnost stentů pomocí multidetektorové CT koronarografie. Výsledky: Dvacet dva pacientů (55 %) byli pacienti s akutními koronárními syndromy, v 92,9 % šlo o „pravé bifurkační“ léze. Závažné nežádoucí kardiovaskulární příhody (MACE) se v šestiměsíčním sledování vyskytly v 9,52 % (95% CI: 2,66–22,62 %); z toho jedno úmrtí (2,38 %; 95% CI: 0,06–12,57 %) u pacienta v kardiogenním šoku v důsledku časné trombózy ve stentu s recidivou akutního infarktu a tři pacienti (7,14 %; 95% CI: 1,50–19,48 %) vyžadovali opakovanou revaskularizaci (TVR) v důsledku restenóz ve stentu, ve všech případech v kovových stentech. Implantace stentu Tryton byla úspěšná ve všech případech. Multidetektorová CT koronarografie byla provedena po šesti měsících u 92,85 % pacientů. Implantované bifurkační stenty Tryton byly uspokojivě vizualizovány v 97,43 % a v 88,1 % byla prokázána jejich uspokojivá šestiměsíční angiografická průchodnost. Závěr: Použití dedikovaného bifurkačního stentu Tryton Side Branch v léčbě bifurkačních lézí je technicky schůdné s uspokojivými dlouhodobými výsledky.

Introduction: Coronary bifurcation lesions account for 15–20% of all percutaneous coronary interventions. Dedicated bifurcation stents have recently been introduced with the aim to simplify treatment and improve early and late outcomes following stenting of bifurcation lesions. The purpose of our study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Tryton dedicated side branch stent at a 6-month clinical and angiography follow-up. Methods: Forty-two patients with bifurcation lesions were included in our study. The primary endpoint was a 6-month MACE and angiographic stent patency was also evaluated by MS-CT coronarography. Results: Twenty-two patients (52.38%) were treated for acute coronary syndromes, 39 (92.85%) lesions were „true bifurcations“. The 6-month clinical follow-up was performed in all patients. The 6-month MACE rate (cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization) was 9.52% (95% CI: 2.66–22.62%); of these one patient (2.38%; 95% CI: 0.06–12.57%) died due to cardiogenic shock caused by early stent thrombosis and three patients (7.14%; 95% CI: 1.50–19.48%) required repeated revascularization (TVR) due to in-stent restenosis, all of them in bare metal stents. Tryton stent implantation was successful in 100% lesions. Six-month multi-slice CT coronarography was performed in 39 (92.85%) patients. The implanted bifurcation Tryton stents were satisfactorily visualized in 97.43% of them and a satisfactory 6-month angiographic patency was demonstrated in 37 patients (88.1%). Conclusion: The usage of a dedicated bifurcation Tryton Side Branch Stent for PCI of the bifurcation lesions is technically feasible with satisfactory long-term results.

• MeSH
• Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary methods   MeSH
• Coronary Angiography methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Coronary Vessels surgery   pathology   MeSH
• Coronary Restenosis epidemiology   surgery   radiography   MeSH
• Coronary Stenosis epidemiology   surgery   radiography   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Survival Rate MeSH
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Drug-Eluting Stents statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Stents statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Bifurkační léze jsou poměrně častým koronarografickým nálezem, jejichž řešení je, navzdory pokrokům v instrumentáriu i novým technikám, stále technicky a časově náročné. Je zároveň spojeno s horšími procedurálními i dlouhodobými klinickými výsledky. Dedikované bifurkační stenty byly vyvinuty s cílem zjednodušit intervenční léčbu bifurkačních lézí a zlepšit její časné i dlouhodobé výsledky. V naší kazuistice prezentujeme případ pacienta se subakutním Q infarktem myokardu přední stěny s kritickou stenózou ve větvení kmene levé věnčité tepny, který byl léčen primární perkutánní koronární intervencí (PCI) s použitím dedikovaného bifurkačního stentu Tryton Side Branch s velmi dobrým angiografickým a klinickým výsledkem.

Bifurcation lesions are relatively common coronary angiography findings. Despite the progress in instrumentation and new techniques, their treatment remains technically challenging and time-consuming. It is also associated with worse procedural and long-term clinical outcomes. Dedicated bifurcation stents were developed to simplify the interventional treatment of bifurcation lesions and improve its early and long-term results. In our case report, we present patient with subacute Q wave myocardial infarction of anterior wall, with a critical stenosis in the bifurcation of left main coronary artery, treated with primary PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention), using dedicated bifurcation stent Tryton Side Branch with a very good angiographic and clinical outcome.

• MeSH
• Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction * diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Coronary Angiography MeSH
• Percutaneous Coronary Intervention methods   MeSH
• Coronary Vessels pathology   radiography   MeSH
• Coronary Restenosis surgery   MeSH
• Coronary Stenosis surgery   radiography   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Stents utilization   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

BACKGROUND: The sural nerve is a somatosensory nerve that provides sensation to the posterolateral aspect of the lower leg and the lateral part of the ankle and foot. Due to its location and anatomical properties, it is often used as an autologous nerve graft. However, the nerve harvest can be complicated by the presence of side branches. The objective of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the sural nerve and to map its side branches. This information can be used to predict the localization of separate incisions during the stair-step incisions technique for nerve harvest, thereby reducing the risk of complications. METHODS: The study involved the dissection of 50 adult cadaveric legs (25 left and 25 right) obtained from 27 Central European cadavers. The focus of the dissection was to identify the sural nerve, small saphenous vein, and surrounding anatomical structures. Detailed measurements were taken on the side branches of the sural nerve, tributaries of the small saphenous vein, and their interrelationship. RESULTS: The average number of sural nerve side branches in a single leg was 4.2±1.9. These side branches were categorized into six groups based on their location and course: mediodistal, medioproximal, lateroproximal, laterodistal, medial perpendicular, and lateral perpendicular. Specific patterns of combination of these side branches were also identified and described. The branching point of the sural nerve was found to be 5.8±2.7 cm proximal to the lateral malleolus, whereas the small saphenous vein branching point was located more distally, 4.5 ± 2.8 cm proximal to the lateral malleolus. The highest density of sural nerve side branches was found 2.1-6.0 cm above the lateral malleolus. CONCLUSION: This study presents valuable data about the relationship between the sural nerve and the surrounding anatomical structures in the distal part of the leg, including the identification of its side branches and their relevance during nerve harvest procedures. On the basis of the most frequent locations of side branches, a three-incision-technique for nerve harvest is proposed.

• MeSH
• Leg * innervation   anatomy & histology   MeSH
• Dissection MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Cadaver * MeSH
• Sural Nerve * anatomy & histology   MeSH
• Tissue and Organ Harvesting methods   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Saphenous Vein anatomy & histology   innervation   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The aim of the article is to examine side effects of increased dietary intake of amino acids, which are commonly used as a dietary supplement. In addition to toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, attention is focused on renal and gastrointestinal tract functions, ammonia production, and consequences of a competition with other amino acids for a carrier at the cell membranes and enzymes responsible for their degradation. In alphabetic order are examined arginine, beta-alanine, branched-chain amino acids, carnosine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, histidine, beta -hydroxy- beta -methylbutyrate, leucine, and tryptophan. In the article is shown that enhanced intake of most amino acid supplements may not be risk-free and can cause a number of detrimental side effects. Further research is necessary to elucidate effects of high doses and long-term consumption of amino acid supplements on immune system, brain function, muscle protein balance, synthesis of toxic metabolites, and tumor growth and examine their suitability under certain circumstances. These include elderly, childhood, pregnancy, nursing a baby, and medical condition, such as diabetes and liver disease. Studies are also needed to examine adaptive response to a long-term intake of any substance and consequences of discontinuation of supplementation.

• MeSH
• Amino Acids adverse effects   metabolism   MeSH
• Arginine pharmacology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Glutamine * metabolism   pharmacology   MeSH
• Histidine metabolism   MeSH
• Muscle, Skeletal metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Dietary Supplements * adverse effects   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Cíl: Hlavním cílem pilotní studie (podklad plánované celonárodní studie) bylo provést kvantitativní i kvalitativní monitoring výživových zvyklostí adolescentů. Dílčím cílem bylo srovnat vybrané parametry s rozsáhlou evropskou studií HELENA a defi novat, zda výběr stravy studentů nelékařských studijních oborů je ovlivněn odbornými znalostmi o zásadách zdravé výživy a liší se tak od laické adolescentní populace České republiky. Metody: Sběr kvantitativních dat byl realizován pomocí autorského dotazníku (35 položek), soubor celkem 131 respondentů (studenti nelékařských studijních oborů: Všeobecná sestra, Nutriční terapeut, Optometrie). Věkový průměr 24,0 let, směrodatná odchylka 3,75). Data byla vyhodnocena pomocí popisné (deskriptivní) statistiky s využitím absolutních a relativních četností. Výsledky: Z výsledků pilotní studie (realizované 12/2008–01/2009) vyplynulo, že respondenti přijímají nedostatečné množství ovoce a zeleniny. Více než 1 porci ovoce denně konzumuje 29,01 % respondentů a více než 1 porci zeleniny denně konzumuje 24,43 % respondentů. Naopak nadbytečný je příjem tzv. nevhodných potravin – snacků cukrovinky, tučná a sladká jídla, hranolky či nadměrně slazené nápoje). Na dotaz o množství přijímaných nevhodných potravin uvedlo 9,92 % respondentů příjem více než 1× denně a konzumaci 1× denně uvedlo 32,06 % respondentů (BMI v mezích normy, tj. ženy 19–23,9 a muži 20–24,9, dosáhlo 75 % respondentů, 10 % respondentů mělo pod normu sníženou hodnotu BMI a 15 % respondentů nad normu zvýšenou hodnotu BMI). Závěry: Chování respondentů pilotní studie a evropské mládeže se ve všech sledovaných oblastech (příjem ovoce, zeleniny, „nevhodných potravin“) shoduje.

Aims: The main goal of pilot study (background prospective nationwide study) was realize quantitative as well as quantitative monitoring of the nutrition customs by adult population. As partial goals has been established two goals: to compare selected parameters with long – range Th e European study HELENA and to defi ne if the food selection by paramedical students is infl uenced according to professional pieces of knowledge about principles healthy nutrition and its diff erent toward to laic adolescent population at Czech Republic. Methods: Th e quantitative data collection was realized by method of an authors questionnaire (35 items), set of 131 respondents (paramedical students: Nurse, Nutritionists, Optometrists). Average age was 24.0 years, standard deviation was 3.75. Data has been evaluated thanks to descriptive statistics with utilization absolute and relative rates. Results: Th e pilot study outcomes (realized 12/2008–01/2009) refer to fact that respondents are receiving a lack amount of fruit and vegetables. Daily consume more than one fruit portion 29,01 % of the respondents and daily consume more than one vegetable portion 24,43 % of the respondents. At the other side the amount of the “unfi tting” food – snacks (sweets, fatty food, chips or ickie drinks). On the question about amount of receiving unfi tting food indicated 9,92 % of respondents intake more than one portion and consummation of amount one portion per day indicated 32,06 % of the respondents (BMI in normal rates, i.e. women 19–23.9 and men 20–24.9 has got 75 % respondents, 10 % respondents has got decreased rate of BMI and 15 % respondents has got over normal increased rate of BMI). Conclusions: By the total outcomes comparison has found out that behave in the district of Czech and European adolescent population is consensual in all monitored attributes (intake of fruit, vegetable, “unfi tting food”).

• Keywords
• adolescence, studie HELENA, fenomén adolescenční moratorium,
• MeSH
• Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Nutrition Assessment MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Nutritional Status MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Malnutrition MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Feeding Behavior MeSH
• Health MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH

Cíl: Stenóza ostia postranní větve (side branch, SB) je častou bifurkační lézí, přitom o optimální strategii její léčby se stále vede diskuse. Ačkoli je účinnost optimální farmakoterapie dobře známa, i nadále je srovnání farmakoterapie a perkutánní koronární intervence (PCI) předmětem sporu. Metodika: Celkem bylo retrospektivně hodnoceno 357 po sobě následujících pacientů s izolovanou stenózou ostia SB (klasifi kace 0.0.1 podle Mediny). Pacienti byli rozděleni do dvou skupin; pacienti pouze s farmakoterapií (n = 305) a pacienti podstupující PCI (n = 52). Revaskularizace cílové tepny (target vessel revasculari- zation, TVR), infarkt myokardu (IM) a mortalita byly hodnoceny jako závažné nežádoucí kardiovaskulární příhody (major adverse cardiovascular events, MACE). Výsledky: Průměrný věk pacientů byl 58,2 ± 10,3 roku. Sto dva pacientů (28,6 %) byly ženy. Dvě stě sedmdesát devět pacientů (78,2 %) mělo lézi na diagonální větvi, zatímco 78 (21,8 %) jich mělo lézi na levé margi- nální větvi. Poměr stenóz SB (70 ± 16; 88 ± 13; p < 0,001) a délka léze SB (7,5 ± 6,6; 14,7 ± 6,0; p < 0,001) byly větší ve skupině s PCI. Častou metodou PCI byla implantace stentu do ostia SB (38 pacientů [73,1 %]). Mezi skupinami nebyly nalezeny žádné statisticky významné rozdíly v častosti TVR (1,3 % vs. 1,9 %; p = 0,277; farmakoterapie vs. PCI), incidenci IM (8,2 % vs. 7,7 %; p = 0,302; farmakoterapie vs. PCI), v mortalitě (10,2 % vs. 9,6 %; p = 0,095; farmakoterapie vs. PCI), ani v incidenci MACE (18,0 % vs. 15,4 %; p = 0,113; farmakoterapie vs. PCI). Navíc Kaplanova–Meierova analýza dlouhodobého přežití nezjistila mezi skupinami žádné rozdíly v častosti TVR (log-rank p = 0,247), incidenci IM (log-rank p = 0,295), v mortalitě (log-rank p = 0,086) ani v incidenci MACE (log-rank p = 0,107). Závěry: U pacientů se stenózou ostia postranní větve jiné cévy než hlavního kmene levé věnčité tepny se jako vhodná a optimální léčebná strategie jeví farmakoterapie místo PCI.

Aim: Side branch (SB) ostial stenosis is a frequent bifurcation lesion and its optimal treatment strategy is still debated. Although the efficacy of the optimal medical therapy is well known, the comparison of the medical treatment and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is controversial. Methods: A total of 357 consecutive patients with isolated SB ostial stenosis (Medina 0.0.1 classification) was evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups; patients with only medical therapy (n = 305) and patients undergoing PCI (n = 52). Target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction (MI), and mortality were evaluated as major adverse cardiovascular outcomes (MACE). Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.2±10.3 years. 102 patients (28.6%) were female. 279 patients (78.2%) had diagonal lesion while 78 (21.8%) had obtuse marginal lesion. The SB stenosis ratio (70±16; 88±13, p < 0.001) and SB lesion length (7.5±6.6; 14.7±6.0, p < 0.001) were higher in the PCI group. SB ostial stenting (38 patients [73.1%]) was the common PCI technique. There were no significant differences in terms of TVR (1.3%; 1.9%, p = 0.277, medical vs PCI groups, respectively), MI (8.2%; 7.7%, p = 0.302, medical vs PCI groups, respectively), mortality (10.2%; 9.6%, p = 0.095, medical vs PCI groups, respectively) and MACE (18.0%; 15.4%, p = 0.113, medical vs PCI groups, respectively) between groups. Additionally, in Kaplan-Meier long-term survival analysis, there were no differences in TVR (log-rank p = 0.247), MI (log-rank p = 0.295), mortality (log-rank p = 0.086), and MACE (log-rank p = 0.107) between groups. Conclusions: Medical therapy instead of PCI seems to be an appropriate and optimal treatment strategy in patients with non-left main SB ostial stenosis.

• MeSH
• Drug Therapy classification   MeSH
• Percutaneous Coronary Intervention classification   methods   MeSH
• Coronary Vessels diagnostic imaging   pathology   drug effects   MeSH
• Coronary Stenosis * drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Myocardial Revascularization methods   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH

• Publication type
• Meeting Abstract MeSH

This paper reports a theoretical study of the sound propagation in a rectangular waveguide loaded by closely-spaced elongated side-branch resonators forming a simple low-frequency broadband reactive silencer. Semi-analytical calculations account for the evanescent modes both in the main waveguide and side-branch resonators and for the viscothermal losses in the silencer elements. Reasonable accuracy is maintained in the evaluation of transmission, reflection, and absorption coefficients, while the calculation time is reduced by a few hundred times in comparison with the finite element method. Therefore, the proposed method is particularly suitable for optimization procedure. The lengths of the individual equally spaced side-branch resonators are optimized by a heuristic evolutionary algorithm that maximizes the minimum transmission loss (TL) over a pre-defined frequency range. Numerical results indicate that the minimum TL of the optimized silencers is reduced due to the destructive effect of the evanescent coupling from the resonators of the nearest side-branches. In the opposite, the TL increases linearly with the number of the side-branch resonators.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

AIMS: Permanent transseptal left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a promising new pacing method for both bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications. However, data regarding safety, feasibility and capture type are limited to relatively small, usually single centre studies. In this large multicentre international collaboration, outcomes of LBBAP were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a registry-based observational study that included patients in whom LBBAP device implantation was attempted at 14 European centres, for any indication. The study comprised 2533 patients (mean age 73.9 years, female 57.6%, heart failure 27.5%). LBBAP lead implantation success rate for bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications was 92.4% and 82.2%, respectively. The learning curve was steepest for the initial 110 cases and plateaued after 250 cases. Independent predictors of LBBAP lead implantation failure were heart failure, broad baseline QRS and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. The predominant LBBAP capture type was left bundle fascicular capture (69.5%), followed by left ventricular septal capture (21.5%) and proximal left bundle branch capture (9%). Capture threshold (0.77 V) and sensing (10.6 mV) were stable during mean follow-up of 6.4 months. The complication rate was 11.7%. Complications specific to the ventricular transseptal route of the pacing lead occurred in 209 patients (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS: LBBAP is feasible as a primary pacing technique for both bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications. Success rate in heart failure patients and safety need to be improved. For wider use of LBBAP, randomized trials are necessary to assess clinical outcomes.

• MeSH
• Bundle-Branch Block therapy   etiology   MeSH
• Bradycardia therapy   etiology   MeSH
• Electrocardiography methods   MeSH
• Bundle of His * MeSH
• Cardiac Pacing, Artificial adverse effects   methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Heart Failure * MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Observational Study MeSH

Pacienti s blokádou pravého Tawarova raménka (RBBB) a se srdečním selháním nejsou ve velkých randomizovaných klinických studiích hodnotících účinnost srdeční resynchronizační léčby (SRL) dostatečně zastoupeni, protože jsou do těchto projektů zařazováni hlavně pacienti s blokádou levého Tawarova raménka. Ve shodě s výsledky nedávno publikované metaanalýzy naše studie se 14 pacienty s RBBB a srdečním selháním léčenými klasickou SRL (biventrikulární stimulací) prokázala, že žádný z nich neodpovídá na léčbu, jde tedy o „non-respondéry“. Alternativou v případě neúspěšné biventrikulární stimulace je v současnosti bifokální stimulace, speciální metoda simultánní stimulace pomocí elektrod implantovaných do pravé komory. Na základě výsledků studie BRIGHT byla na naší kardiologické klinice provedena u 25 pacientů se srdečním selháním a s neúspěšnou biventrikulární stimulací provedena implantace bifokálního stimulátoru do pravé komory. Během 12měsíčního sledování došlo ke zlepšení funkční třídy NYHA a zvýšení ejekční frakce levé komory (dvouleté přežití 77 %). Bifokální stimulace pravé komory by u pacientů s RBBB a pokročilým srdečním selháním mohla představovat přijatelnou alternativu klasické biventrikulární stimulace, protože zajišťuje racionálnější elektrickou „resynchronizaci“, i když hemodynamický a funkční přínos bifokální stimulace je teprve nutno prokázat.

Patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) and heart failure (HF) are not well represented in large randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), which included mainly left bundle branch block morphology. According to a recent meta-analysis, in our series we have 14 patients with RBBB and HF treated with conventional CRT (biventricular pacing), all of them turned out to be “non-responders”. Bifocal pacing, a particular modality of simultaneous pacing with two leads implanted in the right ventricle, is a current option in case of unsuccessful biventricular pacing. In accordance with the results of the BRIGHT study, 25 patients with heart failure and unsuccessful biventricular pacing underwent right ventricular bifocal pacing implantation in our Cardiology Department, with significant improvements of NYHA functional class and left ventricular ejection fraction at 12-month follow-up (survival rate 77% after 2 years). Right ventricular bifocal pacing could be an alternative to conventional biventricular pacing in patients with RBBB and advanced HF, ensuring a more rational electric “resynchronization”, even if hemodynamic and functional benefit remains to be demonstrated.

• Keywords
• bifokální stimulace pravé komory,
• MeSH
• Bundle-Branch Block * surgery   complications   mortality   therapy   MeSH
• Cardiac Pacing, Artificial * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Heart Failure * surgery   complications   mortality   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH