• Klíčová slova
• geografický informační systém,

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• lékařská informatika

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between alcohol-related mortality in Slovak regions, as represented by Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) III level. METHODS: We used data from mortality reports spanning 1996-2017 in the Slovak Republic. Data was provided by the National Health Information Centre in Slovakia. We applied two-dimensional correspondence analysis where the dimensions are regions and selected alcohol-related deaths diagnoses are classified by the International Classification of Diseases. RESULTS: Analysis revealed a relationship between the Prešov region and diagnoses I42 - Cardiomyopathy and K29 - Alcoholic gastritis. Furthermore, the Banská Bystrica and Žilina regions correspond to G31 - Degeneration of nervous system due to alcohol and K86 - Alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis. In the case of K70 - Alcoholic liver disease - the Banská Bystrica, Trenčín and Nitra regions are identified as regions which have an intermediate relationship with this diagnosis. The Trnava region corresponds to F10 - Acute alcohol intoxication. The Trenčín and Nitra regions correspond closely to G62 - Alcoholic polyneuropathy. Perfect correspondence can be seen between the Košice region and K73 - Chronic hepatitis, not elsewhere classified. K74 - Fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver diagnosis also corresponds with the Košice region. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this analysis provide valuable insights for national and regional health policymakers in the process of preparing high-quality health regional plans, as well as retrospectively assessing the success of existing health policies and interventions in this area. Facts presented in the study justify the need for specialised health care, which is part of the process of building an Integrated Health Care Centre in Slovakia.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita trendy   MeSH
• poruchy způsobené alkoholem mortalita   MeSH
• prostorová analýza MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

The bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia has been used to control insect pests owing to its ability to manipulate their life history and suppress infectious diseases. Therefore, knowledge on Wolbachia dynamics in natural populations is fundamental. The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, is infected with the Wolbachia strain wCer2, mainly present in southern and central European populations, and is currently spreading into wCer2-uninfected populations driven by high unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility. Here, we describe the distribution of wCer2 along two transition zones where the infection is spreading into wCer2-uninfected R. cerasi populations. Fine-scale sampling of 19 populations in the Czech Republic showed a smooth decrease of wCer2 frequency from south to north within a distance of less than 20 km. Sampling of 12 Hungarian populations, however, showed a sharp decline of wCer2 infection frequency within a few kilometres. We fitted a standard wave equation to our empirical data and estimated a Wolbachia wave speed of 1.9 km yr-1 in the Czech Republic and 1.0 km yr-1 in Hungary. Considering the univoltine life cycle and limited dispersal ability of R. cerasi, our study highlights a rapid Wolbachia spread in natural host populations.

• MeSH
• prostorová analýza * MeSH
• Tephritidae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Wolbachia fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Maďarsko MeSH

BACKGROUND: Severe canopy-removing disturbances are native to many temperate forests and radically alter stand structure, but biotic legacies (surviving elements or patterns) can lend continuity to ecosystem function after such events. Poorly understood is the degree to which the structural complexity of an old-growth forest carries over to the next stand. We asked how pre-disturbance spatial pattern acts as a legacy to influence post-disturbance stand structure, and how this legacy influences the structural diversity within the early-seral stand. METHODS: Two stem-mapped one-hectare forest plots in the Czech Republic experienced a severe bark beetle outbreak, thus providing before-and-after data on spatial patterns in live and dead trees, crown projections, down logs, and herb cover. RESULTS: Post-disturbance stands were dominated by an advanced regeneration layer present before the disturbance. Both major species, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), were strongly self-aggregated and also clustered to former canopy trees, pre-disturbance snags, stumps and logs, suggesting positive overstory to understory neighbourhood effects. Thus, although the disturbance dramatically reduced the stand's height profile with ~100% mortality of the canopy layer, the spatial structure of post-disturbance stands still closely reflected the pre-disturbance structure. The former upper tree layer influenced advanced regeneration through microsite and light limitation. Under formerly dense canopies, regeneration density was high but relatively homogeneous in height; while in former small gaps with greater herb cover, regeneration density was lower but with greater heterogeneity in heights. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that pre-disturbance spatial patterns of forests can persist through severe canopy-removing disturbance, and determine the spatial structure of the succeeding stand. Such patterns constitute a subtle but key legacy effect, promoting structural complexity in early-seral forests as well as variable successional pathways and rates. This influence suggests a continuity in spatial ecosystem structure that may well persist through multiple forest generations.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• prostorová analýza * MeSH
• regenerace MeSH
• smrk anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Cancer cells depend on nucleotides for proliferation. Inhibition of nucleotide metabolism by antimetabolites is a well-established anticancer therapy. However, resistance and toxicity to antimetabolite treatments reduce their effectiveness. Here, we focus on the pyrimidine de novo synthesis pathway, which is crucial for cancer cell proliferation, yet its pharmacological targeting in cancer has been without much clinical success so far. Hence, it is important to understand how cancer cells cope with the insufficiency of this pathway. Here, we describe a procedure to prepare subcutaneous tumor model deficient in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. For examination of metabolic responses to de novo synthesis blockade in tumors, we propose application of MALDI imaging that allows spatially resolved examination of metabolic responses to de novo synthesis blockade in tumors.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * metabolismus   MeSH
• nukleotidy MeSH
• prostorová analýza MeSH
• pyrimidiny MeSH
• sekvence CRISPR * MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• psychometrie MeSH
• zraková percepce MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• chůze (způsob) analýza   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína

During the reign of the first Ptolemaic kings in Egypt, mainly in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE, the Egyptian cults related to the divine couple of Isis and Sarapis (i.e. the Isiac cults) spread successfully from Egypt to ports and coastal cities of the ancient Mediterranean. The discussion on the topic of the factors involved in the process of the early spread of these cults outside Egypt is still open and, so far, the research in this area has been conducted mainly by using established historiographical methods. However, these methods are limited when dealing with the interplay among different variables involved in complex historical processes. This article aims to overcome these limits by using a quantitative spatial network analysis. The results of our previous published research, which focused on a quantitative evaluation of the impact of individual factors on the early spread of the Isiac cults across the ancient Aegean Islands, suggest that the process was promoted by military and commercial activities of the Ptolemaic dynasty, and that the Ptolemaic military operations were the most influential factor. Following these results, this article focuses on the early spread of the Isiac cults on the west coast of Hellenistic Asia Minor, i.e. the region which the Ptolemies attempted to control in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE. The statistically significant results presented in this article support the hypothesis that the Ptolemaic political engagement in Asia Minor had a positive impact on the early spread of the Isiac cults. The results also suggest that the activities of the Seleucid dynasty, a political rival of the Ptolemies, in the area of interest could have constituted an immunological factor limiting the spread of the Isiac cults further to the eastern parts of Asia Minor.

• MeSH
• archeologie MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• doprava MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• politika * MeSH
• prostorová analýza MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH
• starověký Egypt MeSH

Studie se zaměřuje na prostorové nerovnosti v úmrtnosti českého obyvatelstva, která se spojena s rizikovým užíváním alkoholu a tabáku, mezi lety 2001-2015. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• disparity zdravotního stavu MeSH
• lékařská geografie MeSH
• pití alkoholu MeSH
• populace MeSH
• předčasná smrt MeSH
• prostorová analýza MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• užívání tabáku MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• adiktologie
• epidemiologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• studie

Animals are faced with a range of ecological constraints that shape their behavioural decisions. Habitat features that affect resource abundance will also have an impact, especially as regards spatial distribution, which will in turn affect associations between the animals. Here we utilised a network approach, using spatial and genetic data, to describe patterns in use of space (foraging sites) by free-ranging Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) at the Dakhla Oasis in Egypt. We observed a decrease in home range size during spring, when food availability was lowest, which was reflected by differences in space sharing networks. Our data showed that when food was abundant, space sharing networks were less connected and more related individuals shared more foraging sites. In comparison, when food was scarce the bats had few possibilities to decide where and with whom to forage. Overall, both networks had high mean degree, suggesting communal knowledge of predictable food distribution.

• MeSH
• Chiroptera fyziologie   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• komunikace zvířat * MeSH
• prostorová analýza MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• šíření informací MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti fyziologie   MeSH
• zásobování potravinami statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Egypt MeSH