Species complex Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Študovali sme vplyv troch komplexných médií (KM) [Muellerov-Hintonov bujón (MHB), mozgovosrdcováinfúzia (MSI) a proteózový peptón (PP)] a jedného minerálneho (MM) na povrchové a enzymatickéaktivity 5 kmeňov Klebsiella species. Klebsiella oxytoca a Klebsiella ornithinolytica savyznačovali značným hydrofóbnym charakterom po raste v MHB, MSI a MM, Klebsiella terrigenalen v PP. K. oxytoca a K. ornithinolytica po kultivácii v KM prejavili väčšiu motilitu ako v MM,motilita kmeňov K. terrigena nebola ovplyvnená. Lipolytická aktivita u všetkých testovanýchkmeňov bola najvyššia po raste v MSI a PP. Zloženie kultivačného média ovplyvnilo sledovanébakteriálne parametre v rôznom rozsahu v závislosti na species.
The effect of three complex media (KM) [Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), brain heart infusion (MSI)and proteose peptone (PP)] and one mineral medium (MM) on surface and enzyme activities of fivestrains Klebsiella species was studied. Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella ornithinolytica had a markedhydrophobic character after growth in MHB, MSI and MM, Klebsiella terrigena only in PP. K.oxytoca and K. ornithinolytica had a higher motility after cultivation in KM compared with MM, themotility of K. terrigena was not affected. The lipolytic activity of all tested strains was highest aftergrowth in MSI and PP. The composition of culture medium affected bacterial parameters tested toa different extent depending on the species.
Increasing evidence points to the respiratory Complex II (CII) as a source and modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both functional loss of CII as well as its pharmacological inhibition can lead to ROS generation in cells, with a relevant impact on the development of pathophysiological conditions, i.e. cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. While the basic framework of CII involvement in ROS production has been defined, the fine details still await clarification. It is important to resolve these aspects to fully understand the role of CII in pathology and to explore its therapeutic potential in cancer and other diseases.
- MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondriální nemoci farmakoterapie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- mitochondrie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- respirační komplex II metabolismus MeSH
- transport elektronů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Morphological, cultural and physiological-biochemical properties of Streptomyces sp. strain 1000 and its antibiotic production were investigated. Antibiotics 1011 (identical with the streptovaricin complex) and 1012 (with antibacterial action) were isolated from the cultural broth of this strain. The overproducing natural variant 1011 was isolated from the population of a strain producing antibiotic 1011 at a concentration of 1000 mg/L (activity of the parent strain represents 41 mg/L only). Comparative taxonomical characteristic of Streptomyces sp. strain 1000 with strains from S. spectabilis showed that the strain 1000 differed in some properties and antibiotic production being considered as a new variant of S. spectabilis. The strain shows an expressed antibiotic activity against G+ as well as G- bacterial and yeasts.
BACKGROUND: Genetically divergent cryptic species are frequently detected by molecular methods. These discoveries are often a byproduct of molecular barcoding studies in which fragments of a selected marker are used for species identification. Highly divergent mitochondrial lineages and putative cryptic species are even detected in intensively studied animal taxa, such as the crustacean genus Daphnia. Recently, eleven such lineages, exhibiting genetic distances comparable to levels observed among well-defined species, were recorded in the D. longispina species complex, a group that contains several key taxa of freshwater ecosystems. We tested if three of those lineages represent indeed distinct species, by analyzing patterns of variation of ten nuclear microsatellite markers in six populations. RESULTS: We observed a discordant pattern between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as all individuals carrying one of the divergent mitochondrial lineages grouped at the nuclear level with widespread, well-recognized species coexisting at the same localities (Daphnia galeata, D. longispina, and D. cucullata). CONCLUSIONS: A likely explanation for this pattern is the introgression of the mitochondrial genome of undescribed taxa into the common species, either in the distant past or after long-distance dispersal. The occurrence of highly divergent but rare mtDNA lineages in the gene pool of widespread species would suggest that hybridization and introgression in the D. longispina species complex is frequent even across large phylogenetic distances, and that discoveries of such distinct clades must be interpreted with caution. However, maintenance of ancient polymorphisms through selection is another plausible alternative that may cause the observed discordance and cannot be entirely excluded.
- MeSH
- buněčné jádro genetika MeSH
- Daphnia genetika MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- hybridizace genetická MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice genetika MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Protein nitration and nitrosylation have recently emerged as important post-translational modifications of proteins. This review summarizes the current knowledge of nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins and the sources, fates and roles of nitrated proteins in vivo. Tyrosine residues are nitrated to 3-nitrotyrosine residues by reactive compounds like nitric oxide, nitric dioxide, peroxynitrite and nitrite metabolites as well as by other reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Peroxynitrites are probably the most important nitration agents in vivo, though other nitrations have also been described. The introduced nitro group influences pKa of the tyrosine residue and its accessibility to phosphorylation as well as protein structure, stability and biological activity. The enhanced nitration of proteins is a consequence of a higher production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and/or their lower scavenging. Nitratd proteins are observed in many cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and inflammatory pathologies. The nitrated proteins can be detected by immunohistochemical methods in situ or detected and identified by chromatography and mass spectrometry.
- MeSH
- dusičnany metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- mitochondriální proteiny biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- neurodegenerativní nemoci diagnóza metabolismus MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku metabolismus MeSH
- respirační komplex I metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody využití MeSH
- tyrosin analogy a deriváty biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
DNA metabarcoding provides great potential for species identification in complex samples such as food supplements and traditional medicines. Such a method would aid Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) enforcement officers to combat wildlife crime by preventing illegal trade of endangered plant and animal species. The objective of this research was to develop a multi-locus DNA metabarcoding method for forensic wildlife species identification and to evaluate the applicability and reproducibility of this approach across different laboratories. A DNA metabarcoding method was developed that makes use of 12 DNA barcode markers that have demonstrated universal applicability across a wide range of plant and animal taxa and that facilitate the identification of species in samples containing degraded DNA. The DNA metabarcoding method was developed based on Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of well-defined experimental mixtures, for which a bioinformatics pipeline with user-friendly web-interface was developed. The performance of the DNA metabarcoding method was assessed in an international validation trial by 16 laboratories, in which the method was found to be highly reproducible and sensitive enough to identify species present in a mixture at 1% dry weight content. The advanced multi-locus DNA metabarcoding method assessed in this study provides reliable and detailed data on the composition of complex food products, including information on the presence of CITES-listed species. The method can provide improved resolution for species identification, while verifying species with multiple DNA barcodes contributes to an enhanced quality assurance.
Two species of the Empria candidata species complex, E. candidata (Fallén, 1808) and E. magnicornis (Eversmann, 1864) spec. rev., comb. nov., are revised and redescribed. The males and larvae of both species are identified, described and the males are associated with the corresponding females. The species are redefined based on the revision of the available types. Lectotypes are designated for Tenthredo (Allantus) repanda Klug, 1816 and Tenthredo (Macrophya) magnicornis Eversmann, 1864.
Using the established commercial system Sherlock (MIDI, Inc.), cellular fatty acid methyl ester analysis for differentiation among Burkholderia cepacia complex species was proven. The identification key based on the diagnostic fatty acids is able to discern phenotypically related Ralstonia pickettii and Pandoraea spp. and further distinguish Burkholderia pyrrocinia, Burkholderia ambifaria, and Burkholderia vietnamiensis.
The strains belonging to Burkholderia cepacia complex are important opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients and cause serious diseases. It is possible to obtain isolates from soil, water, plants and human samples. Taxonomy of this group is difficult. Burkholderia cepacia complex consists of seventeen genomic species and the genetic scheme is based on recA gene. Commonly, first five genomovars occurre in humans, mostly genomovars II and III, subdivision IIIA. Within this study we tested identification of first five genomovars by PCR with following melting analysis and RFLP. The experiments were targeted on eubacterial 16S rDNA and specific gene recA, which allowed identification of all five genomovars. RecA gene appeared as more suitable than 16S rDNA, which enabled direct identification of only genomovars II and V; genomovars I, III and IV were similar within 16S rDNA sequence.
