PURPOSE: To evaluate treatment outcomes and toxicity in patients with stage T1-3N0M0 oral cancer treated with surgery followed by high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Retrospective study of 50 patients with stage T1-T3N0 tongue and floor-of-mouth cancer who underwent tumour excision (+ elective neck dissection) followed by postoperative HDR-BT due to the presence of negative prognostic factors (close or positive resection margins, lymphovascular and/or perineural invasion, deep invasion). The plastic tube technique (dose: 18 x 3 Gy b.i.d.) was used. Survival outcomes, toxicity, and prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 81 months (range, 4-121), actuarial 5-year local control (LC), nodal control (NC) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 79%, 69%, and 64%. After salvage treatment (surgery + external beam radiotherapy), LC, NC, and PFS increased to 87%, 77%, and 72.3%, respectively. Five-year overall survival and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were 73% and 77%. Treatmentrelated toxicity included two cases of mandibular osteoradionecrosis and five cases of small soft tissue necrosis. T stage was significantly correlated with nodal control (p=0.02) and CSS (p=0.04). Tumour grade correlated with DFS (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Postoperative HDR-BT 18 x 3 Gy b.i.d. seems to be an effective method in patients with T1-3N0M0 oral cancer with negative prognostic factors after tumour resection.
- MeSH
- Brachytherapy * methods MeSH
- Radiotherapy Dosage * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Survival Rate MeSH
- Mouth Neoplasms * radiotherapy pathology surgery MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Neoplasm Staging * MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The histopathological classification for antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) is a well-established tool to reflect the variety of patterns and severity of lesions that can occur in kidney biopsies. It was demonstrated previously that deep learning (DL) approaches can aid in identifying histopathological classes of kidney diseases; for example, of diabetic kidney disease. These models can potentially be used as decision support tools for kidney pathologists. Although they reach high prediction accuracies, their "black box" structure makes them nontransparent. Explainable (X) artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be used to make the AI model decisions accessible for human experts. We have developed a DL-based model, which detects and classifies the glomerular lesions according to the Berden classification. METHODS: Kidney biopsy slides of 80 patients with ANCA-GN from 3 European centers, who underwent a diagnostic kidney biopsy between 1991 and 2011, were included. We also investigated the explainability of our model using Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) heatmaps. These maps were analyzed by pathologists to compare the decision-making criteria of humans and the DL model and assess the impact of different training settings. RESULTS: The DL model shows a prediction accuracy of 93% for classifying lesions. The heatmaps from our trained DL models showed that the most predictive areas in the image correlated well with the areas deemed to be important by the pathologist. CONCLUSION: We present the first DL-based computational pipeline for classifying ANCA-GN kidney biopsies as per the Berden classification. XAI techniques helped us to make the decision-making criteria of the DL accessible for renal pathologists, potentially improving clinical decision-making.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: While active surveillance (AS) is an alternative to surgical interventions in patients with small renal masses (SRMs), evidence regarding its oncological efficacy is still debated. We aimed to evaluate oncological outcomes for patients with SRMs who underwent AS in comparison to surgical interventions. METHODS: In April 2024, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were queried for comparative studies evaluating AS in patients with SRMs (PROSPERO: CRD42024530299). The primary outcomes were overall (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). A random-effects model was used for quantitative analysis. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: We identified eight eligible studies (three prospective, four retrospective, and one study based on Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results [SEER] data) involving 4947 patients. Pooling of data with the SEER data set revealed significantly higher OS rates for patients receiving surgical interventions (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73; p = 0.007), especially partial nephrectomy (PN; HR 0.62; p < 0.001). However, in a sensitivity analysis excluding the SEER data set there was no significant difference in OS between AS and surgical interventions overall (HR 0.84; p = 0.3), but the PN subgroup had longer OS than the AS group (HR 0.6; p = 0.002). Only the study based on the SEER data set showed a significant difference in CSS. The main limitations include selection bias in retrospective studies, and classification of interventions in the SEER database study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Patients treated with AS had similar OS to those who underwent surgery or ablation, although caution is needed in interpreting the data owing to the potential for selection bias and variability in AS protocols. Our review reinforces the need for personalized shared decision-making to identify patients with SRMs who are most likely to benefit from AS. PATIENT SUMMARY: For well-selected patients with a small kidney mass suspicious for cancer, active surveillance seems to be a safe alternative to surgery, with similar overall survival. However, the evidence is still limited and more studies are needed to help in identifying the best candidates for active surveillance.
- MeSH
- Ablation Techniques methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Kidney Neoplasms * surgery mortality pathology MeSH
- Nephrectomy * methods MeSH
- Watchful Waiting * MeSH
- Tumor Burden MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- Systematic Review MeSH
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Oligodendrogliomas are primary brain tumors classified as isocitrate deshydrogenase-mutant and 1p19q codeleted in the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of central nervous system tumors. Surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are well-established management options for these tumors. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for oligodendroglioma. As these tumors are less infiltrative than astrocytomas and typically recur locally, focal therapy such as SRS is an appealing option. METHODS: This study was performed through the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation. The objective was to collect retrospective multicenter data on tumor control, clinical response, and morbidity after SRS for oligodendroglioma. Inclusion criteria were age of 18 years or more, single-fraction SRS, and histological confirmation of grade 2 or 3 oligodendroglioma. The primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival from SRS. Secondary end points included clinical evolution and occurrence of adverse radiation events or other complications. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier analyses, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Eight institutions submitted data for a total of 55 patients. The median follow-up time was 24 months. The median age at SRS was 46 years, and the median Karnofsky Performance Status was 90%. The median marginal dose used was 15 Gy. The median PFS was 17 months, with actuarial rates of 60% at 1 year, 31% at 2 years, and 24% at 5 years after SRS. Factors significantly associated with worsened PFS were World Health Organization grade 3, previous radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and higher marginal dose. The median overall survival post-SRS was 58 months, with actuarial rates of 92% at 1 year, 83% at 2 years, and 49% at 5 years. Karnofsky Performance Status remained stable post-SRS in 51% and worsened in 47% of patients, most often because of tumor progression (73%). Radiation-induced changes occurred in 30% of patients, of which only 4 were symptomatic. CONCLUSION: SRS is a reasonable management option for patients with oligodendroglioma.
- MeSH
- Progression-Free Survival MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Brain Neoplasms * surgery MeSH
- Oligodendroglioma * surgery pathology MeSH
- Radiosurgery * methods MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Neoplasm Grading MeSH
- World Health Organization * MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
Cíl: V retrospektivní studii jsme porovnali efektivitu navigace punkce portální žíly pomocí abdominální ultrasonografie oproti CO2 portografii. Efektivitu navigace jsme posuzovali dle počtu punkcí nutných k dosažení katetrizace větve vena portae, délkou skiaskopie a radiační dávkou charakterizovanou produktem dávkové plochy (DAP). Metodika: Do studie bylo zahrnuto 102 po sobě jdoucích pacientů, kterým byl proveden TIPS v období 3 let (od počátku roku 2022 do konce roku 2024). V souboru bylo 29 žen (28 %) a 73 mužů (72 %), ve věkovém rozmezí 27–81 let. Hlavní indikací k TIPS byl refrakterní ascites u 52 (51 %) a krvácení při portální hypertenzi u 50 pacientů (49 %). TIPS byl proveden jako urgentní výkon u 19 pacientů (v 18,6 %) pro nezastavené variceální krvácení. Childovo-Pughovo skóre A bylo 22 % pacientů, Childovo-Pughovo skóre B 44 % a Childovo-Pughovo skóre C 26 %, u 8 % pacientů nebyla klasifikace zjistitelná. Výsledky: Ze 102 TIPS výkonů nebyl tento zaveden u tří pacientů pro technické selhání (2,9 %). Počet vpichů nutných k dosažení portální žíly se zavedením vodiče byl v průměru 5,6 (od jednoho do 20) u 50 pacientů, jejichž punkce byla naváděna pomocí CO2 portografie. U 28 výkonů, kde byl k navádění použit UZ, bylo průměrně nutných 2,7 vpichů (od jednoho do šesti). Délka skiaskopie byla u 28 výkonů provedených pomocí navigace CO2 v průměru 28 minut (9–50 min), u 28 výkonů s navigací pod UZ to bylo 22,8 min (8–43 min). Ve skupině 19 výkonů před obměnou angiolinky a s CO2 navigací byl v průměru DAP 181 497 mGy/cm2 (27 649–399 657 mGy/cm2 ), ve skupině 17 výkonů po obměně angiolinky a navigovaných pomocí CO2 portografie byl DAP v průměru 159 339 mGy/cm2 (52 613–309 440 mGy/cm2 ) a v časově nejmladší skupině 21 výkonů navigovaných pomocí UZ byl DAP v průměru 120 731 mGy/cm 2 (38 180–315 121 mGy/cm2 ). U sedmi výkonů bylo provedeno měření dávky osobními dozimetry. V části výkonu do zavedení vodiče do portální žíly operatér měl dávku v průměru 6 μSv (0 do 12 μSv), zatímco lékař provádějící UZ navigaci v průměru 4,4 μSv (0 do 9 μSv). Celková dávka pro operatéra byla v průměru 19,5 μSv (8–35 μSv). Závěr: Z naměřených hodnot lze uzavřít, že počet vpichů při navigaci pomocí UZ klesl v průměru z 5,6 na 2,7, tento rozdíl se velmi blíží statistické významnosti (p = 0,052). Skiaskopický čas při výkonu klesl v průměru o 7 minut. Dávka druhého lékaře navigujícího punkci pomocí UZ je do doby katetrizace por- tální žíly srovnatelná s dávkou operatéra. DAP klesl po inovaci přístroje a na novém přístroji a dále ještě více klesl i u výkonů prováděných s navigací punkce pomocí UZ.
Aim: In our retrospective study, we compared the efficacy of portal vein puncture navigation using abdominal ultrasonography versus CO2 portography. We assessed navigation efficiency according to the number of punctures required to achieve vena portae branch catheterization, the length of the fluoroscopy, and the dose area product (DAP). Method: The study included 102 consecutive patients who underwent TIPS over a 3-year period (from the beginning of 2022 to the end of 2024). In this cohort, there were 29 women (28%) and 73 men (72%), ranging in age from 27 to 81 years. The main indications for TIPS were refractory ascites in 52 patients (51%) and bleeding with portal hypertension in 50 patients (49%). TIPS was performed as an emergency procedure in 19 patients (18.6%) for uncontrolled variceal bleeding. Child Pugh A, Child Pugh B and Child Pugh C were 22%, 44% and 26% respectively, with 8% of patients having no detectable classification. Results: Of the 102 TIPS procedures, TIPS was not inserted in 3 patients due to technical failure (2.9%). The number of punctures required to reach the portal vein with guidewire insertion averaged 5.6 (range 1 to 20) in 50 patients whose puncture was guided by CO2 portography. In the 28 procedures where ultrasound was used for guidance, the mean number of punctures required was 2.7 (range, 1 to 6). The mean duration of fluoroscopy was 28 min (9–50 min) in the 28 procedures performed with CO2 guidance and 22.8 min (8–43 min) in the 28 procedures with ultrasound guidance. In the group of 19 procedures before angiomachine exchange and with CO2 navigation, the mean DAP was 181 497 mGy/ cm2 (27 649–399 657 mGy/cm2 ), in the group of 17 procedures after angiomachine exchange and navigated by CO 2 portography, the DAP averaged 159 339 mGy/cm 2 (52 613–309 440 mGy/cm2 ) and in the youngest group of 21 procedures navigated by ultrasound, the DAP averaged 120 731 mGy/cm2 (38 180–315 121 mGy/cm 2 ). Dose measurements with personal dosimeters were performed for 7 procedures. In the part of the procedure until the insertion of the guidewire into the portal vein, the operator had a dose of 6 μSv (0 to 12 μSv) on average, while the physician performing the ultrasound navigation had a dose of 4.4 μSv (0 to 9 μSv) on average. The total dose to the operator averaged 19.5 μSv (8 to 35 μSv). Conclusion: From the measured values it can be concluded that the number of punctures during navigation with US decreased from 5.6 to 2.7 on average, this result is close to statistic significance (p = 0.052). The fluoroscopic time during the procedure decreased by 7 minutes. However, the dose of the second physician navigating the puncture using ultrasound is comparable to that of the main operator. The DAP decreased after the device upgrade, and even more decreased for procedures performed with ultrasound-guided puncture navigation.
U pacientů s časným karcinomem hrtanu je v současnosti chirurgická léčba zachovávající funkci hrtanu preferovanou primární léčebnou modalitou. Cílem je odstranění karcinomu hrtanu s negativními okraji se současným zachováním přiměřené kvality hlasu a dýchání bez nutnosti tracheostomie. Mezi chirurgické postupy šetřící hrtan patří transorální endoskopická chirurgie, robotická mikrochirurgie hrtanu a vertikální parciální laryngektomie ze zevního přístupu (VPL). Cíl: Cílem studie bylo analyzovat faktory, které jsou zohledňovány při současných indikacích parciálních laryngektomií prováděných ze zevního přístupu pro glotický karcinom a zhodnotit chirurgické a onkologické výsledky těchto operací. Materiál a metodika: Do retrospektivní studie bylo zařazeno 18 pacientů, u nichž byla od 1. 1. 2012 do 31. 12. 2022 na Klinice otorinolaryngologie a chirurgie hlavy a krku FN u sv. Anny v Brně provedena VPL pro glotický spinocelulární karcinom. U 12 (67 %) pacientů byla předléčebná klasifikace nádoru cT1, u 6 (33 %) pacientů cT2. Nejčastěji prováděným výkonem byla laryngofi sura s rozšířenou chordektomií, která byla indikována u 17 (94 %) pacientů; frontální parciální laryngektomie byla provedena u jednoho pacienta (6 %). Nejčastější indikací k VPL byla konverze původně zvoleného endoskopického přístupu u 10 (56 %) pacientů, u 3 (17 %) pacientů se jednalo o revizní výkon po neradikálním endoskopické operaci a v 5 (28 %) případech byla VPL indikována z jiných důvodů. Výsledky: Mezi nejvýznamnější klinické rizikové faktory zohledněné při indikaci VPL patřily: omezená expozice nitra hrtanu v 11 případech, infiltrace přední komisury v 10 případech, šíření nádoru do paraglotického prostoru v 5 případech, subglotická propagace ve 4 případech, postižení processus vocalis ve 3 případech a nádorové šíření do laryngeálního ventrikulu ve 3 případech. Hodnocení resekčních okrajů prokázalo negativní resekční okraje (R0) u 8 (44 %) pacientů, blízké okraje (R0) u 6 (33 %) pacientů a pozitivní resekční okraje (R1) u 4 (22 %) pacientů. Pooperační průběh byl u většiny pacientů příznivý, přičemž u 15 (71 %) pacientů nenastaly žádné komplikace. Mírné lokální komplikace se vyskytly u 5 (24 %) pacientů, zatímco závažné komplikace nebyly zaznamenány u žádného z nich. Medián doby sledování činil 3,0 roku s interkvartilovým rozptylem 2,0 až 5,0 let. U jednoho pacienta byla dia- gnostikována recidiva karcinomu po VPL a adjuvantní radioterapii. U tohoto pacienta byla finálně indikována záchranná totální laryngektomie. Pravděpodobnost přežití byla stanovena Kaplan-Meierovou analýzou: 1 rok 90,5 %; 2 roky 85,7 %; 3 roky 85,7 %; 4 roky 77,1 %; 5 let 66,1 %. Závěr: Ačkoli jsou indikace pro zevní přístupy v současnosti velmi omezené, VPL stále představují záložní chirurgickou variantu u pacientů s omezenou expozicí vnitra hrtanu a u glotických nádorů postihujících rizikové anatomické sublokality, především přední komisuru a paraglotický prostor. I s ohledem na naše výsledky lze laryngofisuru s rozšířenou chordektomií považovat za hrtan šetřicí postup, který nabízí funkčně přijatelné a onkologicky srovnatelné výsledky léčby časného glotického karcinomu v porovnání s preferovanými endoskopickými přístupy a radioterapií.
For patients with early-stage laryngeal carcinoma, function-preserving surgical treatment is currently the preferred primary therapeutic modality. The goal is to achieve complete tumor removal with negative margins while preserving adequate voice quality and respiration without the need for a tracheostomy. Larynx-preserving surgical approaches include transoral endoscopic surgery, robotic microlaryngeal surgery, and external vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL). Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors influencing current indications for open partial laryngectomies for glottic carcinoma and to evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of these procedures. Materials and methods: 18 patients who underwent VPL for glottic squamous cell carcinoma from 1. 1. 2012 to 31. 12. 2022 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, St. Anne‘s Hospital in Brno were included in the retrospective study. Pre-treatment tumor classification was cT1 in 12 (67%) patients and cT2 in 6 (33%) patients. The most commonly performed procedure was laryngofissure with extended chordectomy in 17 (94%) patients; frontal partial laryngectomy was performed in one patient (6%). The most frequent indication for VPL was conversion of the initially chosen endoscopic approach in 10 (56%) patients, revision surgery following a non-radical endoscopic procedure in 3 (17%) patients, and other indications in 5 (28%) cases. Results: The most significant clinical risk factors considered in the indication for VPL included: limited exposure of the larynx in 11 cases, anterior commissure infiltration in 10 cases, tumor spread to the paraglottic space in 5 cases, subglottic extension in 4 cases, involvement of the vocal process in 3 cases, and tumor spread to the laryngeal ventricle in 3 cases. Evaluation of resection margins showed negative resection margins (R0) in 8 (44%) patients, close margins (R0) in 6 (33%) patients, and positive resection margins (R1) in 4 (22%) patients. Postoperative course was favorable in most patients, with no complications in 15 (71%) patients. Mild local complications occurred in 5 (24%) patients, while no severe complications were noted in any of them. The median follow-up period was 3.0 years, with an interquartile range of 2.0 to 5.0 years. Recurrence of carcinoma after VPL and adjuvant radiotherapy was diagnosed in one patient, who ultimately underwent salvage total laryngectomy. Survival probability was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis: 1-year survival at 90.5%, 2-year survival at 85.7%, 3-year survival at 85.7%, 4-year survival at 77.1%, and 5-year survival at 66.1%. Conclusion: Although indications for external approaches are currently very limited, VPL still represents a salvage surgical option for patients with limited laryngeal exposure and for glottic tumors affecting high-risk anatomical subsites, particularly the anterior commissure and paraglottic space. Even considering our results, laryngofissure with extended cordectomy can be regarded as a larynx-preserving procedure that offers functionally acceptable and oncologically comparable treatment outcomes for early glottic carcinoma in comparison with preferred endoscopic approaches and radiotherapy.
Východiská: Schnitzlerovej syndróm je získané autoinflamačné ochorenie so základom v poruche prirodzenej imunity. Podozrivým je proteín MyD88 – toll-like receptor zapojený do zápalovej kaskády vyúsťujúcej aj do zvýšenej sekrécie interleukínu-1 (IL-1), kľúčového cytokínu v patogenéze a klinickej manifestácii viacerých autoinflamačných stavov. Syndróm je pomenovaný po francúzskej kožnej lekárke Liliane Schnitzler, ktorá v roku 1972 opísala kazuistickú sériu pacientov s prejavmi urtikárie v spojení s monoklonálnou gamapatiou. V klinickom obraze dominujú prejavy chronickej urtikárie, pričom histologicky ide najčastejšie o neutrofilovú dermatózu. Nevyhnutným kritériom na zadefinovanie Schnitzlerovej syndrómu je monoklonálna gamapatia, pričom až v 90 % prípadov ide o monoklonálnu IgM gamapatiu. Zvyšná skupina pacientov má prítomnú gamapatiu v triede IgG. Z vedľajších kritérií potrebných na potvrdenie syndrómu podľa Strassburgskej klasifikácie je to zvýšená nešpecifická zápalová aktivita (elevácia sérového CRP, leukocytóza), morfologické zmeny na kostiach (verifikované hyperostotické či osteosklerotické zmeny skeletu na CT, scintigraficky, alebo PET/CT s použitím rádioaktívneho natrium fluoridu NaF18), bolesti kostí či artralgia. Pacienti sú vo zvýšenom riziku rozvoja lymfoproliferačného ochorenia ako Waldenströmovej makroglobulinémie alebo low-grade lymfómu (15–20 %). Rizikom je tiež rozvoj AA amyloidózy pri dlhodobej nekontrolovanej hyperinflamácii. Akútnou, život ohrozujúcou komplikáciou môže byť syndróm aktivovaných makrofágov. Vzhľadom na imunologickú podstatu ochorenia a eleváciu zápalových cytokínov je základom anticytokínová liečba. Najlepšie výsledky sú pozorované pri anakinre (antagonista receptora pre IL-1), inou možnosťou je eventuálne kanakinumab (monoklonálna protilátka proti IL-1b). Pozitívny efekt bol opisovaný aj pri inhibítoroch Brutonovej tyrozínkinázy. Kortikoidy a konvenčné imunosupresíva nie sú dostatočne efektívne. Prípad: V predkladanom texte prezentujeme formou kazuistickej série dve pacientky so Schnitzlerovej syndrómom s raritnejšími klinickými príznakmi a s diferencovanou odpoveďou na anticytokínovú liečbu. Cieľom autorov bolo informovať a zlepšiť povedomie o tomto vzácnom ochorení a jeho možnostiach liečby. Záver: Ochorenie je chronické, liečba je len symptomatická, ale vedie k ústupu klinických príznakov a dosiahnutiu kontroly nad zápalom. Riziko vzniku hematologickej malignity anticytokínová liečba pravdepodobne neovplyvňuje.
Background: Schnitzler‘s syndrome is an acquired autoinflammatory disease with a disorder in innate immune response. The suspect is the protein MyD88 – a toll-like receptor involved in the inflammatory cascade resulting in increased secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a key cytokine in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of several autoinflammations. The syndrome is named after the French dermatologist Liliane Schnitzler, who described a case series of patients with manifestations of urticaria and monoclonal gammapathy in 1972. The clinical picture is characterized by chronic urticaria, histologically it is most often neutrophilic dermatosis. A necessary criterion for defining Schnitzler‘s syndrome is monoclonal gammapathy. In up to 90% of cases, it is monoclonal IgM gammapathy, the remaining group of patients has IgG gammapathy. Among the secondary criteria necessary to define the syndrome according to the Strasbourg classification, non-specific inflammatory activity is present in patients (elevation of CRP, leukocytosis), morphological changes on the bones (hyperostotic or osteosclerotic changes of the skeleton verified by CT, scintigraphy or PET/CT using radioactive sodium fluoride NaF18), bone pain or arthralgia. Patients are at an increased risk of developing a lymphoproliferative disease, especially Waldenström‘s macroglobulinemia or low grade lymphoma (15–20%). There is also a risk of the development of AA amyloidosis due to long-term uncontrolled hyperinflammation. Macrophage activating syndrome can be an acute life-threatening complication, as we describe in our patient. Considering the immunological nature of the disease and the elevation of inflammatory cytokines, the basis of treatment is anticytokine therapy. The best results are seen with anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist), possibly canakinumab (a monoclonal antibody against IL-1b). A positive effect was also described with Bruton‘s tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Corticoids and conventional immunosuppressants are not effective enough. Case: In this text, we present a case series of two patients with Schnitzler‘s syndrome with rare clinical symptoms. The authors‘ goal was to improve awareness of this rare hematoinflammatory disease and its treatment options. Conclusion: The disease is chronic, the treatment is only symptomatic, but can lead to the reduction of clinical symptoms. Anticytokine treatment probably does not affect the risk of hematological malignancy.
Bimekizumab je humanizovaná monoklonální protilátka (imunoglobulin typu G1, IgG1), která selektivně a silně inhibuje interleukin (IL) 17A i 17F a je účinnější při potlačování prozánětlivých cytokinů in vitro ve srovnání s inhibicí samotných IL-17A nebo IL-17F. Podle výsledků z klinických studií fáze III BE OPTIMAL a BE COMPLETE duální inhibice IL-17A a IL-17F bimekizumabem vede k většímu zlepšení kloubních a kožních výsledků ve srovnání s placebem u pacientů s aktivní psoriatickou artritidou naivních vůči biologickým chorobu modifikujícím lékům (biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, bDMARD) nebo s předchozí nedostatečnou odpovědí nebo na inhibici tumor nekrotizujícího faktoru (TNF) nebo s intolerancí inhibice TNF. Po 16 týdnech dosáhlo 50% zlepšení podle klasifikačních kritérií American College of Rheumatology (ACR50) více pacientů v léčebných skupinách než ve skupinách s placebem (44 % oproti 10 % ve studii BE OPTIMAL; 43 % oproti 7 % ve studii BE COMPLETE). Bezpečnostní profil bimekizumabu byl konzistentní s předchozími zprávami.
Bimekizumab is a humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively and potently inhibits both interleukin (IL) 17A and 17F and is more effective at suppressing proinflammatory cytokines in vitro compared with inhibition of IL-17A or IL-17F alone. Dual inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F with bimekizumab leads to superior improvements in joint and skin outcomes compared with placebo in patients with active psoriatic arthritis who are either naive to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) or who have had a previous inadequate response or intolerance to TNF inhibition, according to results from the BE OPTIMAL and BE COMPLETE phase III clinical trials. At 16 weeks, more patients reached 50% improvement according to the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria (ACR50) response in the treatment groups than in the placebo groups (44 % versus 10 % for the BE OPTIMAL trial; 43 % versus 7 % for the BE COMPLETE trial). The safety profile of bimekizumab was consistent with previous reports.
Early detection of malignant thyroid nodules is crucial for effective treatment, but traditional diagnostic methods face challenges such as variability in expert opinions and limited integration of advanced imaging techniques. This prospective cohort study investigates a novel multimodal approach, integrating traditional methods with advanced machine learning techniques. We studied 181 patients who underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, each contributing one nodule, resulting in a total of 181 nodules for our analysis. Data collection included sex, age, and ultrasound imaging, which incorporated elastography. Features extracted from these images included Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) scores, elastography parameters, and radiomic features. The pathological results based on the FNA biopsy, provided by the pathologists, served as our gold standard for nodule classification. Our methodology, termed ELTIRADS, combines these features with interpretable machine learning techniques. Performance evaluation showed that a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier using TIRADS, elastography data, and radiomic features achieved high accuracy (0.92), with sensitivity (0.89), specificity (0.94), precision (0.89), and F1 score (0.89). To enhance interpretability, we used hierarchical clustering, shapley additive explanations (SHAP), and partial dependence plots (PDP). This combined approach holds promise for enhancing the accuracy of thyroid nodule malignancy detection, thereby contributing to advancements in personalized and precision medicine in the field of thyroid cancer research.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Elasticity Imaging Techniques * methods MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Thyroid Neoplasms diagnostic imaging classification pathology diagnosis MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Radiomics MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Thyroid Gland diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Machine Learning * MeSH
- Support Vector Machine MeSH
- Biopsy, Fine-Needle MeSH
- Thyroid Nodule * diagnostic imaging pathology classification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Kontext: Dosud se toho ví málo o možné spojitosti mezi cévním zásobením štítné žlázy a aterosklerotickou zátěží koronárních tepen u pacientů s podezřením na ischemickou chorobu srdeční. Cíle: Posoudit možnou spojitost mezi dopplerovskými parametry horní štítné tepny a markery aterosklerózy koronárních tepen včetně závažnosti stenózy, kalcifikace koronárních tepen (cAc) a rozsahu plátu zjištěného koronarografickým vyšetřením pacientů s podezřením na ischemickou chorobu srdeční (ichS) metodou multidetektorové výpočetní tomografie (MDct). Pacienti a metody: Do této průřezové studie bylo zařazeno 100 pacientů s bolestí na hrudi, u nichž byla pro vyloučení okluzivní ischemické choroby srdeční provedena koronarografie MDct. Všichni zařazení pacienti byli z klinického hlediska eutyreoidní, bez klinických známek hypotyreózy nebo hypertyreózy. u zařazených pacientů byla pro stanovení cévních parametrů včetně indexu rezistence (ri), maximální rychlosti proudění krve v systole (PSV), rychlosti proudění krve na konci diastoly (eDV) a indexu pulsatility (pulsatility index, Pi) sonograficky vyšetřena horní štítná tepna. Výsledky: Byla nalezena statisticky významná spojitost mezi sníženými hodnotami PSV (16 cm/s vs. 15 cm/s; p = 0,03) a cAc ≥ 400, a to i po další adjustaci na rizikové faktory koronárních příhod (or [ci] = 0,3 [0,1–0,8]; p = 0,03). Pacienti s významnou koronární stenózou (≥ 50%) vykazovali vyšší hodnoty ri (0,58 vs. 0,54; p = 0,04) než jedinci bez významné koronární stenózy (< 50%). Po adjustaci na jiné rizikové faktory koronárních příhod však již tato spojitost nepřetrvávala. nebyla pozorována spojitost mezi parametry vyšetření štítné žlázy dopplerovským ultrazvukem včetně PSV, eDV, ri a Pi na jedné straně, a přítomností koronárních plátů na straně druhé. Závěr: hodnoty PSV a ri v horní štítné tepně vykazovaly statisticky významnou spojitost se zátěží cAc a s významnou koronární stenózou. tyto výsledky mohou naznačovat možné spojení mezi parametry rezistence cév štítné žlázy a zátěží aterosklerózou koronárních tepen.
Background: Little is known about the potential association between thyroid vascular parameters and coronary atherosclerotic burden in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Objectives: To assess the potential association between superior thyroid artery Doppler parameters and coronary atherosclerotic markers, including stenosis severity, coronary artery calcification (CAC), and plaque assessed by multi-detector CT (MDCT) coronary angiography among patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with chest pain who underwent MDCT coronary angiography to exclude the presence of occlusive coronary artery disease. All of the enrolled patients were clinically euthyroid, with no clinical features of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. The superior thyroid artery in enrolled patients was examined using ultrasound to assess vascular parameters, including resistive index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and pulsatility index (PI). Results: There was a significant association between decreased PSV values (16 cm/s vs. 15 cm/s, p = 0.03) and CAC ≥400, even after further adjustment for coronary risk factors (OR (CI) = 0.3 (0.1-0.8. p = 0.03). Patients with significant coronary stenosis severity ≥50% had higher RI values (0.58 vs. 0.54, p = 0.04) than those with a non-significant coronary stenosis <50%. However, this association did not persist after adjustment for other coronary risk factors. No significant association was observed between thyroid Doppler parameters, including PSV, EDV, RI, and PI, and coronary plaque presence. Conclusion: PSV and RI of the superior thyroid artery showed a significant association with CAC burden and significant coronary stenosis. These results may suggest a possible link between thyroid vascular resistance parameters and coronary atherosclerosis burden.
- MeSH
- Atherosclerosis * diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Computed Tomography Angiography MeSH
- Coronary Vessels diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Coronary Stenosis diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Multidetector Computed Tomography MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Heart Disease Risk Factors MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Thyroid Gland * diagnostic imaging blood supply pathology MeSH
- Ultrasonography, Doppler MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Study MeSH