Yield potential
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Linseed represents a rich source of nutritional, functional and health-beneficial compounds. Nevertheless, the chemical composition and content of bioactive compounds may be quite variable and potentially affected by various factors, including genotype and the environment. In this study, the proximate chemical composition, lignans content and antioxidant potential of six experimentally grown linseed cultivars were assessed and compared. A diagonal cultivation trial in the University of South Bohemia Experimental Station in České Budějovice, Czech Republic, was established in three subsequent growing seasons (2018, 2019 and 2020). The results showed that the cultivar and growing conditions influenced most studied parameters. The lack of precipitation in May and June 2019 negatively affected the seed yield and the level of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside but did not decrease the crude protein content, which was negatively related to the oil content. The newly developed method for lignans analysis allowed the identification and quantification of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and matairesinol. Their content correlated positively with the total polyphenol content and antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity), indicating the significant contribution to the biofunctional properties of linseed. On the other hand, we did not detect minor linseed lignans, pinoresinol and lariciresinol. The results of this study showed the importance of cultivar and growing conditions factors on the linseed chemical composition and the lignans content, determining its nutritional and medicinal properties.
V rámci štúdia vzťahov štruktúry a účinku v skupine nových blokátorov β-adrenoreceptorov bola pripravená séria nových derivátov odvodená od p-hydroxyacetofenónu s obmenami v bázickej časti postranného reťazca. Východiskový p-hydroxyacetofenón, pripravený Friesovým prešmykom fenylacetátu, dáva reakciou s 2-(chlórmetyl)oxiránom l-[4-(2-oxiranylmetoxy)fenyl]-l-etanón, ktorý s príslušnými amínmi poskytuje finálne látky. Tieto boli izolované bud vo forme volných báz, alebo solí s kyselinou fumárovou. Ich štruktúra bola potvrdená interpretáciou IČ, 1H-NMR a 13C-NMR spektier. V rámci farmakologického hodnotenia bol u pripravených látok sledovaný antikonvulzívny účinok ako ochranný efekt k pentetrazolovým kŕčom. Výsledky tohto hodnotenia boli porovnané s hodnotami ich distribučných koeficientov.
Within the framework of a structure-effect relationships study in a group of new β-adrenoreceptor blockers, a series of new derivatives derived from p-hydroxyacetophenone with modifications in the basic moiety of the side chain was prepared. The initial p-hydroxyacetophenone prepared by Fries rearrangement of phenylacetate in a reaction with 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane yields l-[4-(2-oxiranylmetoxy)phenyl]-l-etanone, which combines with the appropriate amines to produce final substances. They were isolated either in the form of free bases, or salts with fumaric acid. Their structure was confirmed by interpretations of the IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR-spectra. Within the framework of pharmacological evaluation of the prepared agents, the anticonvulsive effect as a protective effect against pentetrazole spasms was examined. The results of the evaluation were compared with the values of their distribution coefficients.
OBJECTIVE: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of severe, early-onset epilepsies characterised by refractory seizures, developmental delay, or regression and generally poor prognosis. DEE are now known to have an identifiable molecular genetic basis and are usually examined using a gene panel. However, for many patients, the genetic cause has still not been identified. The aims of this study were to identify causal variants for DEE in patients for whom the previous examination with a gene panel did not determine their genetic diagnosis. It also aims for a detailed description and broadening of the phenotypic spectrum of several rare DEEs. METHODS: In the last five years (2015-2020), 141 patients from all over the Czech Republic were referred to our department for genetic testing in association with their diagnosis of epilepsy. All patients underwent custom-designed gene panel testing prior to enrolment into the study, and their results were inconclusive. We opted for whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify the cause of their disorder. If a causal or potentially causal variant was identified, we performed a detailed clinical evaluation and phenotype-genotype correlation study to better describe the specific rare subtypes. RESULTS: Explanatory causative variants were detected in 20 patients (14%), likely pathogenic variants that explain the epilepsy in 5 patients (3.5%) and likely pathogenic variants that do not fully explain the epilepsy in 11 patients (7.5%), and variants in candidate genes in 4 patients (3%). Variants were mostly de novo 29/40 (72.5%). SIGNIFICANCE: WES enables us to identify the cause of the disease in additional patients, even after gene panel testing. It is very important to perform a WES in DEE patients as soon as possible, since it will spare the patients and their families many years of a diagnostic odyssey. In particular, patients with rare epilepsies might significantly benefit from this approach, and we propose using WES as a new standard in the diagnosis of DEE instead of targeted gene panel testing.
- MeSH
- epilepsie generalizovaná * genetika MeSH
- epilepsie * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genetické asociační studie MeSH
- genetické testování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sekvenování exomu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Karcinóm prostaty patrí medzi najčastejšie sa vyskytujúce nádorové ochorenia mužov vo veku nad 50 rokov. Na vzniku ochorenia sa podieľajú genetická predispozícia ako aj získané genetické a epigenetické zmeny. Najviac študovanou epigenetickou zmenou pri karcinóme prostaty je metylácia cytozínu v CpG ostrovčekoch promótorových oblastí rôznych génov pomocou metylačne špecifi ckej PCR. Kvôli hymermetylácii DNA dochádza pomerne často a relatívne špecificky v tkanivách karcinómu prostaty k vypnutiu génov ako GSTP1, APC alebo RASF1. Detekciu metylácie DNA je však možné prevádzať nielen na vzorkách tkanív, ale aj v moči, ejakuláte alebo sére. Translačný výskum preto ďalej hľadá nové biomarkery pre včasnú detekciu a prognózu karcinómu prostaty, vzhľadom na pomerne veľké rozdiely v použitých metódach ako aj v pacientskych súboroch však boli získané tak sľubné, tak aj kontroverzné výsledky. Preto sú na zistenie skutočného významu detekcie hypermetylácie DNA pre diagnostiku a prognózu karcinómu prostaty potrebné ďalšie randomizované prospektívne klinické štúdie a štadardizácia použitých metód.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in men above the age of 50. A genetic predisposition and/ or acquired genetic and epigenetic changes together with lifestyle contribute to the development of the disease. The most studied epigenetic modifi cation in prostate cancer is the methylation of the cytosine located within the dinucleotide CpG of promoter regions of diff erent genes by methylation specifi c PCR. The evidence of gene silencing by DNA methylation in genes like GSTP1, APC or RASF1 is a common and relatively specifi c event in prostate cancer. DNA methylation testing can be performed on tissue samples or urine, ejaculate or serum. Translational research is searching for new bio markers for early detection and prognosis of prostate cancer, but because of large methodological diff erences in applied techniques and patient cohorts, the investigations have yielded promising, but also some controversial results. More prospective randomized trials and standardized methods are needed to assess the true value of methylation for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.
- MeSH
- CpG ostrůvky genetika MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metylace DNA MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery analýza MeSH
- nádory prostaty diagnóza genetika MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Common carp is a major aquaculture species worldwide, commonly sold alive but also as processed headless carcass or filets. However, recording of processing yields is impossible on live breeding candidates, and alternatives for genetic improvement are either sib selection based on slaughtered fish, or indirect selection on correlated traits recorded in vivo. Morphological predictors that can be measured on live fish and that correlate with real slaughter yields hence remain a possible alternative. To quantify the power of morphological predictors for genetic improvement of yields, we estimated genetic parameters of slaughter yields and various predictors in 3-year-old common carp reared communally under semi-intensive pond conditions. The experimental stock was established by a partial factorial design of 20 dams and 40 sires, and 1553 progenies were assigned to their parents using 12 microsatellites. Slaughter yields were highly heritable (h2 = 0.46 for headless carcass yield, 0.50 for filet yield) and strongly genetically correlated with each other (rg = 0.96). To create morphological predictors, external (phenotypes, 2D digitization) and internal measurements (ultrasound imagery) were recorded and combined by multiple linear regression to predict slaughter yields. The accuracy of the phenotypic prediction was high for headless carcass yield (R2 = 0.63) and intermediate for filet yield (R2 = 0.49). Interestingly, heritability of predicted slaughter yields (0.48-0.63) was higher than that of the real yields to predict, and had high genetic correlations with the real yields (rg = 0.84-0.88). In addition, both predicted yields were highly phenotypically and genetically correlated with each other (0.95 for both), suggesting that using predicted headless carcass yield in a breeding program would be a good way to also improve filet yield. Besides, two individual predictors (P1 and P2) included in the prediction models and two simple internal measurements (E4 and E23) exhibited intermediate to high heritability estimates (h2 = 0.34 - 0.72) and significant genetic correlations to the slaughter yields (rg = |0.39 - 0.83|). The results show that there is a solid potential for genetic improvement of slaughter yields by selecting for predictor traits recorded on live breeding candidates of common carp.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A series of lipophilic 2-substituted 5,7-di-tert-butylbenzoxazoles was prepared in average yields by the reaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone with amino acids and dipeptides bearing N-terminal glycine. Dipeptides having other N-terminal amino acids undergo oxidative deamination. 5,7-Di-tert-butylbenzoxazoles have shown activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some nontuberculous strains where isoniazid has been inactive. Antifungal activity was mediocre.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antituberkulotika farmakologie MeSH
- benzoxazoly farmakologie chemie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- isomerie MeSH
- isoniazid farmakologie MeSH
- molekulární konformace MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis účinky léků MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
Lignin nanoparticles synthesis is among recent developments in lignin valorization especially for biomedical applications. In this study, a new technique where complete self-assembling of lignin was ensured by simultaneous solvent displacement and flash pH change was used to optimize particle size of blank lignin nanoparticles (BLNPs) for suitability in cell uptake along with maximized yield. To establish BLNPs as drug carrier, safety studies including hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity and elaborate genotoxicity studies on Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism were done. Finally, irinotecan loaded lignin nanoparticles (DLNPs) were synthesized to establish their drug carrying potential and thorough in vitro characterization was performed. BLNPs with controllable size (⁓152 nm), low polydispersity (<0.2), maximized yield (>65%), negative surface charge (-22 to -23 mV), spherical shape and smooth surface were obtained with acceptable %hemolysis (<2%). In vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed that BLNPs were significantly toxic (74.38 ± 4.74%) in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), slightly toxic (38.8 ± 4.70%) in human alveolar epithelial adenocarcinoma (A-549) and insignificantly toxic (15.89 ± 2.84%) to human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. BLNPs showed concentration dependent early neuronal defects in Drosophila, but nuclei fragmentation and gut cell damage were absent. Sustained release DLNPs with high drug loading reduced the IC50 value of irinotecan by almost 3 folds.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- buňky A549 MeSH
- Drosophila melanogaster účinky léků MeSH
- HEK293 buňky MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lignin škodlivé účinky chemie MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nanočástice škodlivé účinky chemie MeSH
- nosiče léků škodlivé účinky chemie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an exceptionally climate-resilient cereal crop, used extensively to produce improved wheat varieties via introgressive hybridization and possessing the entire repertoire of genes necessary to enable hybrid breeding. Rye is allogamous and only recently domesticated, thus giving cultivated ryes access to a diverse and exploitable wild gene pool. To further enhance the agronomic potential of rye, we produced a chromosome-scale annotated assembly of the 7.9-gigabase rye genome and extensively validated its quality by using a suite of molecular genetic resources. We demonstrate applications of this resource with a broad range of investigations. We present findings on cultivated rye's incomplete genetic isolation from wild relatives, mechanisms of genome structural evolution, pathogen resistance, low-temperature tolerance, fertility control systems for hybrid breeding and the yield benefits of rye-wheat introgressions.
- MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace genetika MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- genom rostlinný * MeSH
- genová introgrese MeSH
- imunita rostlin genetika MeSH
- karyotyp MeSH
- mapování chromozomů metody MeSH
- pšenice genetika MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- šlechtění rostlin metody MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny genetika imunologie MeSH
- žito genetika imunologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The authors present a study of the fluorescence and absorbance transients occurring in whole cells of purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides on the millisecond timescale under pulsed actinic illumination. The fluorescence induction curve is interpreted in terms of combination of effects of redox changes in the reaction center and the membrane potential. The results of this study support the view that the membrane potential act predominantly to increase the fluorescence yield. Advantages of the pulsed actinic illumination for study of the operation of the electron transport chain in vivo are discussed.
- MeSH
- absorpce účinky záření MeSH
- fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
- karotenoidy metabolismus MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- membránové potenciály účinky záření MeSH
- oxidace-redukce účinky záření MeSH
- Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytologie metabolismus účinky záření MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cellulase (CEL) presently constitutes a major group of industrial enzyme based on its diverse ranges of utilization. Apart from such current and well-established applications-as in cotton processing, paper recycling, detergent formulation, juice extraction, and animal feed additives-their uses in agricultural biotechnology and bioenergy have been exploited. Supplementation of CELs to accelerate decomposition of plant residues in soil results in improved soil fertility. So far, applying CELs/antagonistic cellulolytic fungi to crops has shown to promote plant growth performance, including enhanced seed germination and protective effects. Their actions are believed mainly to trigger plant defense mechanisms and/or to act as biocontrol agents that mediate disease suppression. However, the exact interaction between the enzymes/fungi and plants has not been clearly elucidated. Under mild conditions, removal of plant cell wall polysaccharides by CELs for protoplast preparation results in reduced protoplast damage and increased viability and yields. CELs have recently shown great potential in enzyme aid extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials before selective extraction through enhancing release of target molecules, especially those associated with the wall matrix. To date, attempts have been made to formulate CEL preparation for cellulosic-based bioethanol production. The high cost of CELs has created a bottleneck, resulting in an uneconomic production process. The utilization of low-cost carbohydrates, strain improvement, and gene manipulations has been alternatively aimed at reducing the cost of CEL production. In this review, we focus on and discuss current knowledge of CELs and their applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and bioenergy.
