• Klíčová slova
• qigong, lékařství čínské - terapie Qigong - příručky, cvičení tělesná - terapie Qigong - příručky,

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína
• tělovýchovné lékařství
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an important complex that presents antigen to T cells. The second exon of swine MHC (SLA) class II genes has antigen binding sites that bind with extracellular antigen. Populations with high MHC gene diversity result in low gut microbiota, and individuals with MHC gene heterozygote have lower gut microbiota diversity than that of homozygote. The pig is an animal with organs physiologically and anatomically similar to humans than any other mammal, and the pig is also suitably developed as a laboratory animal to establish the animal models of human disease. However, the relationship between SLA genetic diversity and the gut microbes of the pig is ambiguous. We studied the characterization of SLA class II genes and calculated the genetic diversity, and then we selected experimental animal groups divided by different SLA genotypes to investigate the gut microbiota composition by sequencing V3 to V4 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16 s rRNA from fecal samples. Our results showed that Guizhou minipigs had a low SLA genetic diversity, which may be due to the small founder population. The Guizhou minipig population deviated from neutral selection and balancing selection, which shows that Guizhou minipigs experience a strong artificial selection in recent years. We observed that the sex differences influenced gut microbiota much more deeply than that of genetics. Our results also showed that the individual with heterozygote of genes at the SLA class II region had much higher abundant gut microbiota than that of the homozygote.

• MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• hlavní histokompatibilní komplex MeSH
• miniaturní prasata genetika   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Over the past decade, the use of deep learning has been widely increasing in the medical image diagnosis field. Deep learning-based methods' (DLMs) performance strongly relies on training data. Therefore, researchers often focus on collecting as much data as possible from different medical facilities or developing approaches to avoid the impact of inter-category imbalance (ICI), which means a difference in data quantity among categories. However, due to the ICI within each medical facility, medical data are often isolated and acquired in different settings among medical facilities, known as the issue of intra-source imbalance (ISI) characteristic. This imbalance also impacts the performance of DLMs but receives negligible attention. In this study, we study the impact of the ISI on DLMs by comparison of the version of a deep learning model that was trained separately by an intra-source imbalanced chest X-ray (CXR) dataset and an intra-source balanced CXR dataset for COVID-19 diagnosis. The finding is that using the intra-source imbalanced dataset causes a serious training bias, although the dataset has a good inter-category balance. In contrast, the deep learning model performed a reliable diagnosis when trained on the intra-source balanced dataset. Therefore, our study reports clear evidence that the intra-source balance is vital for training data to minimize the risk of poor performance of DLMs.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• deep learning * MeSH
• hrudník MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rentgenové záření MeSH
• testování na COVID-19 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Ring box protein-1 (RBX1), also called Regulator of Cullins-1 (ROC1), is a key component of SCF (Skp-1, cullins, F-box proteins) E3 ubiquitin ligases, which regulate diverse cellular processes by targeting protein substrates for degradation. Although RBX1 plays an important role in ubiquitination machinery of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, studies on the RBX1 have not been involved in the unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina. In this study, a full-length RBX1 cDNA fragment of 817 bp was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) technique. The full-length sequence contained an open reading frame of 411 bp encoding 136 amino acids. The predicted protein had a molecular molar mass of 14.8 kDa and pI of 5.9 with a high degree of homology to RBX1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (92 %). Recombinant RBX1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and was purified and characterized. The apparent molecular mass of the recombinant protein was approximately 17 kDa, and the optimal induction time and concentration were 3 h and 0.1 mmol/L IPTG, respectively. The predicted 3D structures of RBX1 proteins contained RING-H2 finger domain including "Cys59-X2-Cys62-X30-Cys93-X1-His95-X2-His98-X2-Cys101-X10-Cys112-X2-Cys115." The expression of RBX1 protein was increased by 132 % during flagellar disassembly and decreased by 76 % during flagellar assembly of D. salina. The expression of RBX1 mRNA had a similar tendency with the expression of RBX1 protein. The results indicated that RBX1 responded to flagellar disassembly of D. salina.

• MeSH
• bílkoviny řas chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• flagella metabolismus   MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• konformace proteinů MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• otevřené čtecí rámce MeSH
• proteolýza * MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny chemie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• ubikvitinace MeSH
• Volvocida metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Carriers with BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variants are associated with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancers (also pancreatic and prostate cancers). While the spectrum on germline BRCA mutations among the Chinese population shows ethnic specificity, the identification of carriers with germline BRCA mutation before cancer onset is the most effective approach to protect them. This review focused on the current status of BRCA1/2 screening, the surveillance and prevention measures, and discussed the issues and potential impact of BRCA1/2 population screening in China. We conducted literature research on databases PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as Chinese databases CNKI and Wangfang Med Online database (up to 31 March 2022). Latest publications on germline BRCA1/2 prevalence, spectrum, genetic screening as well as carrier counseling, surveillance and prevention were captured where available. While overall 15,256 records were retrieved, 72 publications using germline BRCA1/2 testing were finally retained for further analyses. Germline BRCA1/2 mutations are common in Chinese patients with hereditary breast, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancers. Within previous studies, a unique BRCA mutation spectrum in China was revealed. Next-generation sequencing panel was considered as the most common method for BRCA1/2 screening. Regular surveillance and preventive surgeries were tailored to carriers with mutated-BRCA1/2. We recommend that all Chinese diagnosed with breast, ovarian, pancreatic or prostate cancers and also healthy family members, shall undergo BRCA1/2 gene test to provide risk assessment. Subsequently, timely preventive measures for mutation carriers are recommended after authentic genetic counseling.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Accumulating evidence indicates that hypertension is associated with "ion channel remodeling" of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exercise intensity/volume on hypertension-associated changes in large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels in mesenteric arteries (MAs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHRs were randomly assigned to three groups: a low-intensity aerobic exercise group (SHR-L: 14 m/min), a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise group (SHR-M: 20 m/min), and a sedentary group (SHR). Age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) were used as normotensive controls. Exercise groups completed an 8-week exercise program. Elevation of the alpha and beta1 proteins was unequal in MA myocytes from SHRs, with the beta1 subunit increasing more than the alpha subunit. BK(Ca) contribution to vascular tone regulation was higher in the myocytes and arteries of SHRs compared to WKYs. SHR BK(Ca) channel subunit protein expression, beta1/alpha ratio, whole cell current density and single-channel open probability was also increased compared with WKYs. Aerobic exercise lowered systemic blood pressure and normalized hypertension-associated BK(Ca) alterations to normotensive control levels in the SHRs. These effects were more pronounced in the moderate-intensity group than in the low-intensity group. There is a dose-effect for aerobic exercise training in the range of low to moderate-intensity and accompanying volume for the correction of the pathological adaptation of BK(Ca) channels in myocytes of MAs from SHR.

• MeSH
• aerobióza MeSH
• arteriae mesentericae patofyziologie   MeSH
• gating iontového kanálu MeSH
• hypertenze patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• kondiční příprava zvířat * MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• podjednotky proteinů chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
• potkani inbrední WKY MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• tělesná námaha MeSH
• terapie cvičením metody   MeSH
• vápníkem aktivované draslíkové kanály s vysokou vodivostí chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• vápníková signalizace * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study evaluates the protective effect of Echinacoside on acute liver toxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice and the mechanism behind it. Echinacoside and N-Acetyl Cysteine were intragastrically administrated for 7 days, and acetaminophen was intraperitoneally injected into mice 1 h after the last treatment on day 7. At the end of the experimental period, histological examination, parameters for the level of oxidative damage, hepatic malondialdehyde, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and sulfotransferases changes were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and standard biochemical procedures. The expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 protein was assessed by western blot, followed by in silico molecular docking. Acetaminophen treatment obviously increased the levels of ALT and AST, changed hepatic histopathology, promoted oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, and elevated the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Echinacoside significantly attenuated Acetaminophen-induced liver damage in a dose-dependent manner, with the most effective dose at 100 mg/kg. The pretreatments of Echinacoside in different concentrations altered the Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity levels by decreasing the level of liver enzymes, reducing the liver necrosis with vacuolization, decreasing the hepatic malondialdehyde formation, increasing hepatic antioxidants activities, suppressing the pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor, Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-1beta), inhibiting Nitric Oxide production, enhancing sulfotransferases and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases activities. Notably, the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 was inhibited by Echinacoside in a dose-dependent manner and the binding energy was -214.3 MeV. Echinacoside showed a significant protective effect against Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through the inhibition of oxidative stress, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytochrome P450 2E1 protein expression.

• MeSH
• glykosidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lékové postižení jater etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• myši fyziologie   MeSH
• paracetamol otrava   škodlivé účinky   toxicita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an important protein which plays a key role in regulating the innate immunity, so exploring its molecular characterization is helpful in understanding the resistance against microbial infections in cultured fish. Here, a full-length cDNA of p38 MAPK was cloned from liver of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) which covered 2419 bp with an open reading frame of 1086 bp encoding 361 amino acids. p38 MAPK contained the characteristic structures of Thr-Gly-Tyr (TGY) motif and substrate binding site Ala-Thr-Arg-Trp (ATRW), which are conserved in MAPK family. To investigate p38 MAPK functions, two in vivo experiments were carried out to examine its expression following ammonia exposure and bacterial challenge. Also, an in vitro experiment was conducted to assess the role of p38 MAPK in inflammation of primary hepatocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed the ubiquitous expression of p38 MAPK in all the tested tissues with varying levels. p38 MAPK mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by ammonia stress and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, and altered in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, the results indicated that the inflammatory response induced by LPS in hepatocytes is p38 MAPK dependent as knockdown of p38 MAPK using siRNA technology depressed the expression of IL-1β and IL-6. The findings in this study showed that p38 MAPK has anti-stress property, and plays key role in protection against bacterial infection and inflammation in blunt snout bream.

• MeSH
• Aeromonas hydrophila fyziologie   MeSH
• amoniak škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• buněčná imunita genetika   MeSH
• Cyprinidae genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce imunologie   MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy farmakologie   MeSH
• mitogenem aktivované proteinkinasy p38 chemie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• nemoci ryb imunologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese imunologie   MeSH
• rybí proteiny chemie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení veterinární   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects the ruminant health and animal performance. The main purposes of this study were to investigate the potential effects of GH/IGF system and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) concentration on resistance the circulating LPS concentration increased in liver with high concentrate diet treatment. Non-lactating goats were randomly allocated to two groups: a high-concentrate diet (HCD) or a low-concentrate diet (LCD) in cross over design and the blood collection at different time points after feeding at the end of the experiment. The average rumen pH was significantly reduced (P<0.05), but the duration with pH was not more than 120 min in the HCD group. The plasma LPL concentration was significantly raised (P<0.05). However, from 2 h onwards, LPS concentration was significantly reduced (P<0.01) in the HCD group compared with LCD group. In addition, the plasma IGF1 concentration and the hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) mRNA expression were markedly reduced (P<0.05). However, growth hormone (GH) secretion at 15, 30, and 45 min after feeding and growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA expression in the liver was significantly increased (P<0.05) in HCD group. The correlation analysis showed that the plasma LPL concentration was positively correlated with hepatic GHR mRNA expression (P<0.05). Conversely, the plasma LPS concentration was negatively correlated with LPL concentration (P<0.05). These findings reveal that alterations in GH/IGF system function in response to a high-concentrate diet are accompanied by corresponding changes in systemic LPL in non-lactating goats' liver in presence of endogenous LPS stress.

• MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy krev   MeSH
• lipoproteinlipasa krev   MeSH
• receptory somatomedinů krev   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• růstový hormon krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Although phosphine is ubiquitously present in anaerobic environments, little is known regarding the microbial community dynamics and metabolic pathways associated with phosphine formation in an anaerobic digestion system. This study investigated the production of phosphine in anaerobic digestion, with results indicating that phosphine production mainly occurred during logarithmic microbial growth. Dehydrogenase and hydrogen promoted the production of phosphine, with a maximum phosphine concentration of 300 mg/m3. The abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Escherichia was observed to promote phosphine generation. The analysis of metabolic pathways based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the MetaCyc pathway database revealed the highest relative abundance of replication and repair in genetic information processing; further, the cofactor, prosthetic group, electron carrier, and vitamin biosynthesis were observed to be closely related to phosphine formation. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on the neighbor-joining method. The results indicated the clear evolutionary position of the isolated Pseudescherichia sp. SFM4 strain, adjacent to Escherichia, with a stable phosphate-reducing ability for a maximum phosphine concentration of 26 mg/m3. The response surface experiment indicated that the initial optimal conditions for phosphine production by SFM4 could be achieved with nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus loads of 6.17, 300, and 10 mg/L, respectively, at pH 7.47. These results provide comprehensive insights into the dynamic changes in the microbial structure, isolated single bacterial strain, and metabolic pathways associated with phosphine formation. They also provide information on the molecular biology associated with phosphorus recycling.

• MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• bioreaktory mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Clostridiales genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• Escherichia genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfáty metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfiny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfor metabolismus   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• metabolické sítě a dráhy * genetika   MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• odpadní vody mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vodík metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH