cognitive performance
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- MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- inteligence MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osobnost MeSH
- psychologická teorie MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- teorie osobního konstruktu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
V měření kognitivních deficitů jsou rozpory na úrovni kliniky i výzkumu. Přítomnost kognitivního deficitu je možné stanovit kvalitativně či kvantitativně a s odkazem na minulost pacienta srovnáním s jeho dřívějším působením. V práci jsou popsány různé způsoby určování kognitivního deficitu. Doporučuje se bližší spolupráce kvantitativních a kvalitativních přístupů.
There are differences in measurement of cognitive deficits between clinicians and researchers. Diagnostics of present cognitive deficits is available through quantitative and qualititive methods and by analyzing history of the patient. Different approaches of measurement are described and close cooperation between quantitative and qualitative approaches is recommended.
BACKGROUND: Local dynamic stability (LDS) has become accepted as a gait stability indicator. The deterioration of gait stability is magnified in older adults. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the current state in the field regarding rthe relationship between LDS and cognitive and/or physical function in older adults? METHODS: A scoping review design was used to search for peer-reviewed literature or conference proceedings published through May 2023 for an association between LDS and cognitive (e.g., Montreal Cognitive Assessment) or physical performance (e.g., Timed Up & Go Test) in older adults. Only studies investigating gait stability via LDS during controlled walking, when dealing with a subject group consisting of healthy older adults, and quantifying LDS relationship to cognitive and/or physical measure were included. We analysed data from the studies in a descriptive manner. RESULTS: In total, 814 potentially relevant articles were selected, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. We identified 37 LDS quantifiers employed in LDS-cognition and/or LDS-physical performance relationship assessment. Nine measures of cognitive and 20 measures of physical performance were analysed. Most studies estimated LDS quantities using triaxial acceleration data. However, there was a variance in sensor placement and signal direction. Out of the 56 studied relationships of LDS to physical performance measures, sixteen were found to be relevant. Out of 22 studied relationships between LDS and cognitive measures, only two were worthwhile. SIGNIFICANCE: Considering the heterogeneity of the utilized LDS (caused by different sensors locations, signals, and signal directions as well as variety of computational approaches to estimate LDS) and cognitive/physical measures, the results of this scoping review does not indicate a current need for a systematic review with meta-analysis. To assess the overall utility of LDS to reveal a relationship between LDS to cognitive and physical performance measures, an analysis of other subject groups would be appropriate.
- MeSH
- chůze (způsob) * MeSH
- chůze * MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tělesná a funkční výkonnost MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Bilingualism (BL) is increasing around the world. Although BL has been shown to have a broad impact-both positive and negative-on language and cognitive functioning, cognitive models and standards are mainly based on monolinguals. If we take cognitive performance of monolinguals as a standard, then the performance of bilinguals might not be accurately estimated. The assessment of cognitive functions is an important part of both the diagnostic process and further treatment in neurological and neuropsychiatric patients. In order to identify the presence or absence of cognitive deficit in bilingual patients, it will be important to determine the positive and/or negative impact of BL properties on measured cognitive performance. However, research of the impact of BL on cognitive performance in neuropsychiatric patients is limited. This article aims to compare the influence of the language (dominant-L1, second-L2) used for assessment of verbal cognitive performance in two cases of bilingual neuropsychiatric patients (English/Czech). Despite the fact that the two cases have different diagnoses, similarities in working memory and verbal learning profiles for L1 and L2 were present in both patients. We expected L1 to have higher performance in all measures when compared with L2. This assumption was partially confirmed. As expected, verbal working memory performance was better when assessed in L1. In contrast, verbal learning showed the same or better performance in L2 when compared with L1. Verbal fluency and immediate recall results were comparable in both languages. In conclusion, the language of administration partially influenced verbal performance of bilingual patients. Whether the language itself influenced low performance in a given language or it was a result of a deficit requires further research. According to our results, we suggest that an assessment in both languages needs to be a component of reasonable cognitive assessment of bilingual patients.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy diagnóza MeSH
- kognice * MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mnohojazyčnost * MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- verbální učení * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Although there is evidence that shows worse cognitive functioning in male patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the role of brain pathology in this context is under-investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate sex differences in cognitive performance of MS patients, in the context of brain pathology and disease burden. METHODS: Brain MRI, neurological examination, neuropsychological assessment (Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS-BICAMS, and Paced Auditory Verbal Learning Test-PASAT), and patient-reported outcome questionnaires were performed/administered in 1052 MS patients. RESULTS: Females had higher raw scores in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (57.0 vs. 54.0; p < 0.001) and Categorical Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) (63.0 vs. 57.0; p < 0.001), but paradoxically, females evaluated their cognitive performance by MS Neuropsychological Questionnaire as being worse (16.6 vs 14.5, p = 0.004). Females had a trend for a weaker negative correlation between T2 lesion volume and SDMT ([Formula: see text] = - 0.37 in females vs. - 0.46 in men; interaction p = 0.038). On the other hand, women had a trend for a stronger correlation between Brain Parenchymal Fraction (BPF) and a visual memory test (Spearman's [Formula: see text] = 0.31 vs. 0.21; interaction p = 0.016). All these trends were not significant after correction for false discovery rate. CONCLUSIONS: Although, females consider their cognition as worse, males had at a group level slightly worse verbal memory and information processing speed. However, the sex differences in cognitive performance were smaller than the variability of scores within the same sex group. Brain MRI measures did not explain the sex differences in cognitive performance among MS patients.
- MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy * diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * komplikace diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíl: Cílem naší studie bylo zhodnotit kognitivní výkon pacientů s bipolární afektivní poruchou v akutní fázi onemocnění. Zajímalo nás, zda se bude lišit kognitivní výkon v závislosti na odlišnosti akutní fáze a zda mají vztah klinické charakteristiky související s průběhem onemocnění k úrovni kognitivního výkonu. Soubor a metodika: Celkem 53 bipolárních pacientů, z toho 16 v hypománii, 17 v mánii, 20 v depresi a 23 zdravých kontrol bylo vyšetřeno komplexní neuropsychologickou baterií. Výsledky: Bipolární pacienti vykazovali kognitivní poškození v oblasti psychomotorického tempa, pozornosti, verbální paměti a v menší míře u exekutivních funkcí a vizuální paměti. Bipolární pacienti ve srovnání se zdravými kontrolami dosahovali statisticky signifikantně horšího výkonu ve všech kognitivních zkouškách kromě iniciačního času (TOL tit) (U = 480; p = 0,142). Zdravé kontroly vykazovaly výkony ve všech testech v rámci normy. Srovnání výkonů v jednotlivých fázích odráželo významný rozdíl ve všech zkouškách kromě TOL tit (H = 6,464; p = 0,091). Kognitivní výkony v jednotlivých akutních fázích se významně nelišily. Nejtěsnější korelace jsme zaznamenali mezi věkem nástupu onemocnění a verbální pamětí AVLT 1 (r = –0,452; p < 0,01), AVLT Sum (r = –0,383; p < 0,01), AVLT 30 (r = –0,370; p < 0,01). Závěr: V naší studii pacienti v akutní fázi bipolární poruchy vykazovali významně horší výkon ve všech kognitivních parametrech oproti zdravým kontrolám. Kognitivní poškození jsme zaznamenali v doméně psychomotorického tempa, pozornosti, verbální paměti a v menší míře u exekutivních funkcí a vizuální paměti. Pacienti v hypománii, mánii a depresi se v kognitivních výkonech významně nelišili. Z klinických charakteristik pouze věk nástupu onemocnění vykazoval nejvíce korelací s kognitivními proměnnými.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cognitive performance of bipolar disorder patients in the acute phase of the illness. The interest was in determining if the cognitive performance would vary, depending on the different acute phase and if the clinical characteristics were related to the clinical course and the cognitive performance level. Patients and methods: A total of 53 patients with bipolar disorder, of which 16 were in hypomania, 17 in mania, 20 in depression, and 23 healthy control group subjects were examined by complex neuropsychological assessment tools. Results: Patients with bipolar disorder exhibited cognitive impairment in the area of psychomotor speed, attention, verbal memory and, to a lesser extent, in executive functions and visual memory. Bipolar patients compared to the control group showed statistically significantly worse performance in all cognitive tests except the initiation time (TOL tit) (U = 480; p = 0.142). The healthy control group subjects performed all of the tests within normal standards. Comparison of cognitive performances in the different phases, reflected a statistically significant difference in all cognitive tests except for TOL tit (H = 6.464; p = 0.091), where the four groups did not differ statistically. Cognitive performance in acute phases did not show a statistically significant difference in either of the cognitive tests. After taking into account the clinical characteristics, the closest correlation was recorded between the onset of the illness and verbal memory AVLT 1 (r = –0.452; p < 0.01), AVLT Sum (r = –0.383; p < 0.01), and AVLT 30 (r = –0.370; p < 0.01). Conclusions: In this study, patients in the acute phase of bipolar disorder showed significantly worse performance in all neuropsychological parameters than the healthy control group subjects. Cognitive impairment was recorded in the domain of psychomotor speed, attention, verbal memory and, to a lesser extent, executive functions and visual memory. Patients in hypomania, mania and depression did not differ significantly in cognitive performance. From the clinical characteristics, only the age of onset of the illness showed the most correlations with cognitive variables.
- Klíčová slova
- kognitivní výkon,
- MeSH
- bipolární porucha * psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- kognice * MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce diagnóza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
BACKGROUND: A large variation in cognitive performance exists between European regions. However, it is unclear how older Europeans differ in the rate of cognitive decline. METHODS: We analysed data from 22 181 individuals (54% women; median age 71) who participated in the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Cognition was measured using tests on verbal fluency, immediate and delayed recall. We used linear regression and linear mixed effects regression to examine regional differences in the level of cognitive performance and the rate of cognitive decline. RESULTS: Scandinavians had the highest baseline cognitive scores (mean standardized overall cognitive score 0.3), followed by Western Europeans (mean 0.2), Central and Eastern Europeans (mean 0.1) and individuals from Mediterranean countries (mean -0.4). These differences persisted even after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The annual cognitive decline in Scandinavia (0.59%) was approximately two times greater than in Western Europe (0.28%), Central and Eastern Europe (0.25%) and Mediterranean countries (0.23%). DISCUSSION: There are substantial differences in cognitive performance as well as rates of cognitive decline among the elderly throughout European regions. This might be explained by differing levels of cognitive reserve.
- MeSH
- geriatrické hodnocení MeSH
- kognice * MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí psychologie MeSH
- zdravotní stav * MeSH
- zeměpis statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
