environmental stress Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- charakteristiky rodiny ekonomika MeSH
- chování dětí MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Since long, socio-economic status, often expressed as an index, is known to correlate with health outcomes like behavioural problems. We constructed a new index that encapsulated not only economic and social but also environmental stressors (ESES), using data of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents, a nation-wide representative surveillance of 17,641 participants aged between 0–17 years. Different factors were selected to account for socio-economic stress (low parental education, low household income, low occupational status of the householder), domestic stress (living in large cities, exposure to tobacco smoke at home, crowded housing, mouldy walls), and prenatal stress (maternal smoking during pregnancy, drinking alcohol during pregnancy). Prior to the calculation of ESES, the different factors were multiplied by weights which were estimated by multivariate linear regression on a number of health outcomes. ESES was then used to predict emotional and social problems (SDQ scores). The resulting ORs were compared with those obtained for an established socio-economic index (SEI). ESES was superior to SEI as it could more clearly identify children and adolescents with emotional or social problems. Different types of stressors (i.e. socio-economic stress, domestic stress and prenatal stress) contributed independently to emotional and social problems.
- MeSH
- charakteristiky epidemiologické studie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky využití MeSH
- psychický stres etiologie klasifikace komplikace MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí klasifikace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
The exposure of living organisms to environmental stress triggers defensive responses resulting in the activation of protective processes. Whenever the exposure occurs at low doses, defensive effects overwhelm the adverse effects of the exposure; this adaptive situation is referred to as "hormesis". Environmental, physical, and nutritional hormetins lead to the stimulation and strengthening of the maintenance and repair systems in cells and tissues. Exercise, heat, and irradiation are examples of physical hormetins, which activate heat shock-, DNA repair-, and anti-oxidative-stress responses. The health promoting effect of many bio-actives in fruits and vegetables can be seen as the effect of mildly toxic compounds triggering this adaptive stimulus. Numerous studies indicate that living organisms possess the ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions, as exemplified by the fact that DNA damage and gene expression profiling in populations living in the environment with high levels of air pollution do not correspond to the concentrations of pollutants. The molecular mechanisms of the hormetic response include modulation of (a) transcription factor Nrf2 activating the synthesis of glutathione and the subsequent protection of the cell; (b) DNA methylation; and (c) microRNA. These findings provide evidence that hormesis is a toxicological event, occurring at low exposure doses to environmental stressors, having the benefit for the maintenance of a healthy status.
The stress-gradient hypothesis predicts a switch from competition to facilitation, under increasing environmental stress. However, it is unclear how important is the change in competition-facilitation balance (i.e., the net outcome of plant-plant interactions) along the stress gradient in the regulation of community temporal stability (i.e., the inverse of temporal variability in total biomass). Increasing environmental stress may enhance community temporal stability by reduced competition or eventually by leading to facilitative interactions between the dominant and subordinate species. Here, we present the results of a 5-yr mesocosm experiment that demonstrates the effects of interspecific interactions on the temporal stability of a riparian community across different drought-stress scenarios. We constructed artificial communities of dominant species (Carex elata) and three subordinate species to simulate the independent effects of environmental stress and interspecific interactions. Using removal of the dominant species, we evaluated the interplay of various mechanisms regulating the temporal stability of the subordinate species (competition-facilitation balance, species asynchrony, and dominant species stability). By simultaneous testing of these stabilizing mechanisms, we show their importance differs depending on environmental variability and harshness. The predominant role is taken by species asynchrony in a seasonally dry environment, whereas in a permanently dry environment, the importance of reduced competition increases. Reduced competition was stabilizing, in particular through increased total community biomass, whereas species asynchrony increased total community biomass and decreased biomass variation. These results suggest experiments and simulations that exclude interspecific interactions may not offer realistic predictions of the effects of changing hydrological regimes on ecosystem functioning.
- MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- fyziologický stres * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Evidence of the ecological and biological impact of pharmaceuticals in surface waters on aquatic organisms is increasing. Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic used to treat chronic and acute pain. To investigate its long-term effects at environmentally relevant levels, we evaluated heart rate (HR) and locomotion of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus during a 21-day exposure to 1 μg L-1 tramadol followed by 14 days depuration. Locomotion and HR were recorded over a period 30 min before and 30 min after exposure to physiological fluids of an injured conspecific, a natural stressor, four times during the tramadol exposure and four times during depuration. A significant increase in HR following stress induction was found in the majority of tramadol-exposed and control crayfish, as well as significant group-specific HR changes between both groups. Locomotor activity during tramadol treatment differed from that during depuration, in general showing less time spent in locomotion and lower distance moved. The tramadol exposed crayfish exhibited higher velocity during depuration than during the exposure period. Results may suggest a potential shift in prey-predator relationships.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- fyziologický stres účinky léků MeSH
- lokomoce účinky léků MeSH
- severní raci účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- srdce účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence účinky léků MeSH
- tramadol toxicita MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Somatic embryogenesis is an important biotechnological technique which can be used in studies associated with environmental stress. Four embryogenic cell lines of Norway spruce were grown on media enriched with copper and arsenic in concentration ranges 50-500 μM and 10-50 μM, respectively. The effects were observed during subsequent stages of somatic embryogenesis, the characteristics evaluated being proliferation potential, average number of somatic embryos obtained per g/fresh weight, morphology of developed somatic embryos, metal uptake, and microanalysis of macro- and micronutrients uptake. Copper and arsenic at higher concentrations significantly reduced the growth of early somatic embryos. In almost all treatments, the cell line V-1-3 showed the best performance compared with the other lines tested. Environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize and identify morphological abnormalities in the development of somatic embryos. Abnormalities observed were classified into several categories: meristemless somatic embryos, somatic embryos with disrupted meristem, reduced number of cotyledons, single cotyledon and fused cotyledons. With the application of a low temperature method for the environmental scanning electron microscope, samples were stabilized and whole meristems could be investigated in their native state. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of the effect of copper and arsenic during the process of somatic embryogenesis and the first to evaluate the content of macro and micronutrients uptake in Norway spruce.
- MeSH
- aktivní transport MeSH
- arsen farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- biotechnologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- klíčení účinky léků MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- měď farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- smrk účinky léků embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
