In the last two decades, a school of thought emerged that perceives male reproductive health, testicular function, and sperm output as a sentry for general, somatic health. Large-scale epidemiologic studies have already linked the reduced sperm count to increased risk of chronic somatic disease (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular, neurological and bone diseases), yet most of these studies have not taken full advantage of advanced andrological analysis. Altered proteostasis, i.e., the disbalance between protein synthesis and turnover, is a common denominator of many diseases, including but not limited to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter introduces the concept of cellular proteostasis as a measure of sperm structural and functional integrity and an endpoint of varied impacts on spermiogenesis and sperm maturation, including heritability, general health, lifestyle, and occupational and environmental reprotoxic exposure. Special consideration is given to small molecule protein modifiers, sperm-binding seminal plasma proteins, zinc-interacting proteins, and redox proteins responsible for the maintenance of protein structure and the protection of spermatozoa from oxidative damage. While the main focus is on human male infertility, serious consideration is given to relevant animal models, and in particular to male food animals with extensive records of fertility from artificial insemination services. Altogether, the proteostatic biomarker discovery and validation studies set the stage for the integration of proteomics of sperm proteostasis with genomic and high throughput phenomic approaches to benefit both human and animal reproductive medicine.
- MeSH
- Fertility * physiology MeSH
- Proteostasis * physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infertility, Male * metabolism genetics pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Spermatogenesis * MeSH
- Spermatozoa * metabolism pathology physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Vitamin D hraje velice významnou roli pro lidské zdraví. Jeho nedostatek je spojen s mnoha zdravotními komplikacemi. Obecně je ale méně známý jeho vliv na reprodukci a sexuální funkce mužů i žen. V článku přinášíme přehledné informace o této problematice a informujeme i o možnostech suplementace vitaminu D. Suplementace vitaminu D je pro zdraví a kvalitu života přínosná téměř ve všech oblastech. Nejúčinnější je léčba přípravky na lékařský předpis. Nová možnost léčby kalcifediolem je ještě efektivnější a bezpečnější volbou.
Vitamin D plays a very significant role in human health. Its deficiency is associated with many health complications. However, its influence on reproduction and sexual function in both men and women is generally less known. This article provides an overview of this issue and informs about the possibilities of vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for health and quality of life in almost all areas. The most effective treatment is with prescription drugs. A new treatment option with calcifediol is an even more effective and safer choice.
- MeSH
- Avitaminosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Erectile Dysfunction drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Fertility drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Menstrual Cycle metabolism drug effects MeSH
- Premature Ejaculation drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Reproductive Health * MeSH
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome drug therapy MeSH
- Testosterone physiology MeSH
- Vitamin D * physiology metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
The aim of the present narrative review is to summarise the existing knowledge concerning physiological and reproductive effects of buckwheat, its mechanisms of action on various targets, as well as outlines the direction of the further studies of this functional food plant. Search for literature was performed in agreement with the PRISMA criteria in Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Web of Science, SCOPUS databases between the year 1995 and 2023. Words used to search were buckwheat, review, fertility, ovarian and mechanisms. The current review of the available literature demonstrates the high nutritional value of buckwheat, as well as high contents and number of regulatory molecules in this functional food plant. These molecules can, via multiple signalling pathways, affect a wide spectrum of physiological processes and illnesses, which suggests a therapeutic value of buckwheat substances. Furthermore, recent reports demonstrate ability of buckwheat extract to directly affect basic ovarian cell functions (proliferation, apoptosis, viability, steroidogenesis). On the other hand, understanding the character and applicability of buckwheat influence on female reproductive processes requires further studies. Keywords: Buckwheat, Nutrition, Health, Ovary, Signalling.
- MeSH
- Fagopyrum * MeSH
- Fertility physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Ovary metabolism physiology MeSH
- Plant Extracts therapeutic use pharmacology MeSH
- Reproduction * physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Volné kyslíkové radikály hrají významnou roli v plodnosti i neplodnosti mužů. Jsou nezbytné pro fyziologické pochody, ale při nadměrné koncentraci mohou být příčinou různých patologií spermií. Hlavním zdrojem kyslíkových radikálů v ejakulátu jsou seminální leukocyty a patologicky abnormální spermie. Negativně ovlivňují kvalitu spermií, vč. zhoršení DNA fragmentace a motility spermií. Při řešení zvýšené koncentrace reaktivních forem kyslíku existuje řada vhodných režimových opatření a změn životního stylu, které zahrnují užívání antioxidantů, léčení urogenitálních infekcí, řešení varikokély, redukci hmotnosti a další. V mnoha případech je tak možné dosáhnout úpravy stavu a zlepšení kvality spermatu. Toto zlepšení může následně vést ke zlepšení výsledků asistované reprodukce či dokonce i ke zvýšení pravděpodobnosti přirozeného početí. V některých případech může být eliminována potřeba použití spermatu od dárce. Klíčovým faktorem je však dodržení dostatečně dlouhé léčby, což vyžaduje trpělivost jak ze strany lékaře, tak pacienta.
Reactive oxygen species play a significant role in male fertility and infertility. They are essential for physiological processes, but when their concentration becomes excessive, they can be a cause of various sperm pathologies. Seminal leukocytes and pathologically abnormal sperm are the primary sources of oxygen radicals in ejaculate. They negatively affect sperm quality, including DNA fragmentation and sperm motility impairment. Addressing increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species involves various appropriate lifestyle modifications and measures, including the use of antioxidants, treatment of urogenital infections, management of varicocele, weight reduction, and others. In many cases, these interventions can lead to adjustments in the condition and improvement in sperm quality. Such improvements can subsequently lead to enhanced outcomes in assisted reproduction or even an increased likelihood of natural conception. In some instances, the need for donor sperm may be eliminated. However, a key factor is adhering to a sufficiently prolonged treatment, which requires patience on the part of both, the physician and the patient.
- MeSH
- Fertility physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infertility, Male * etiology metabolism MeSH
- Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Arteriální hypertenze se vyskytuje u mladistvých a mladých dospělých méně často než u starších osob. Přestože je absolutní kardiovaskulární riziko v této věkové kategorii nízké, je neléčená hypertenze zdrojem vzniku orgánového poškození a zdravotních komplikací v pozdějším věku. Proto je diagnostika a časné zahájení léčby důležitou součástí péče o tuto skupinu populace. Základem diagnostiky je měření krevního tlaku ve zdravotnickém zařízení a za pomoci out-of-office (měření krevního tlaku mimo zdravotnické zařízení) metod. V indikovaných případech je nutné vyloučit sekundární hypertenzi. Vždy pátráme a intervenujeme též další kardiovaskulární rizikové faktory. Základem léčby je úprava životního stylu a farmakologická léčba. Její skladba se neliší od starších osob, výjimkou jsou ženy ve fertilním věku.
Arterial hypertension is observed less frequently in adolescents and young adults than in older persons. Although the absolute cardiovascular risk in this age group is low, untreated hypertension is a source of organ damage development and health complications later in life. Therefore, diagnosis and early initiation of treatment is an important part of the management of this population. The cornerstone of diagnosis is the measurement of blood pressure in a healthcare facility and using out-of-office methods of blood pressure measurement. In indicated cases, secondary hypertension must be excluded. We always search for and intervene other cardiovascular risk factors. The basis of treatment is lifestyle modification and pharmacological treatment. Its composition does not differ from older persons, the exception being women of childbearing potential.
- MeSH
- Fertility drug effects MeSH
- Hypertension * diagnosis drug therapy therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Heart Disease Risk Factors MeSH
- Age Factors * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
One proposal for the persistence of homosexuality in the human population is the sexually antagonistic gene hypothesis, which suggests that the lower fertility of homosexual individuals, especially men, may be compensated by higher fertility of their relatives of the opposite sex. To test this hypothesis, we have collected data from 7,312 heterosexual men, 459 gay men, 3,352 heterosexual women, and 79 lesbian women mainly from Czechia. In an online survey, participants answered questions regarding their own as well as their parents' and grandparents' fertility. For men, we obtained no significant results except for higher fertility of gay men's paternal grandmothers, but the magnitude of this effect was very small. For the female sample, we recorded lower fertility of lesbian women's mothers and fathers. In line with our expectations, both gay men and lesbian women had lower fertility rates than their heterosexual counterparts. Our results are consistent with recent studies which likewise do not support the sexually antagonistic gene hypothesis.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Fertility * genetics MeSH
- Heterosexuality * psychology MeSH
- Homosexuality, Male * genetics psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Homosexuality, Female * genetics psychology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Periovarian adipose tissue (POAT) is a type of gonadal white adipose tissue that surrounds the ovary. POAT is a source of various bioactive molecules, such as adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and hormones. Thereby it could influence crucial ovarian functions. Recent findings showed that removal of POAT affects folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in the ovary. Furthermore, changes in the morphology and function of POAT were observed in women during menopause or polycystic ovary syndrome. Although the relationship between the body's energy status and fertility in females is generally well known, the contribution of POAT remains still elusive. Therefore, the objective of this review is summarizing the actual state of knowledge about POAT function in physiological and pathological processes within the ovary.
- MeSH
- Adipokines MeSH
- Fertility MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome * metabolism MeSH
- Adipose Tissue metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Adolescenti a mladí dospělí jsou skupinou pacientů charakterizovanou specifickými potřebami v rámci onkologické péče. Ačkoliv je v tomto věkovém období diagnostikováno pouze 5 % nádorových onemocnění, představují malignity významnou zátěž ve smyslu jak ztracených let života ve zdraví, tak následků onkologické léčby. Důležitými body problematiky mladých pacientů jsou diagnostické zpoždění, podpora primární prevence, biologicky odlišné typy nádorů, onkogenetické zhodnocení, jedinečné psychosociální výzvy, otázka fertility, sledování nežádoucích účinků léčby včetně vzniku sekundárních malignit nebo absence věkově specifických klinických studií. Centralizace péče a tvorba multidisciplinárních týmů dedikovaných mladým pacientům umožní komplexnější přístup se zaměřením na tuto problematiku. Jedním z prostředků ke zlepšení péče o mladé onkologicky nemocné je vypracování národních doporučených postupů a organizace mezinárodních i národních klinických studií
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are a group of patients characterized by specific needs in cancer care. Although only 5 % of cancers are diagnosed in this age group, malignancies represent a significant burden in terms of years of healthy life lost and the consequences of cancer treatment. Important issues for young patients include diagnostic delay, promotion of primary prevention, biologically distinct tumor types, oncogenetic evaluation, unique psychosocial challenges, fertility issues, monitoring of adverse effects of treatment including the development of secondary malignancies, or the absence of age-specific clinical trials. The centralization of care and the formation of multidisciplinary teams dedicated to young patients will allow for a more comprehensive approach with a focus on these issues. One means of improving care for young cancer patients is the development of national guidelines and the organisation of international and national clinical trials.
- MeSH
- Fertility drug effects MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Medical Oncology organization & administration MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult * MeSH
- Neoplasms * diagnosis epidemiology prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Delayed Diagnosis statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects MeSH
- Psychosocial Support Systems MeSH
- Diagnostic Screening Programs MeSH
- Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
- Therapeutics adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult * MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- CA-125 Antigen analysis MeSH
- Endometriosis * surgery diagnosis complications therapy MeSH
- Fertility drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infertility, Female etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
The fertility gap, which indicates the difference between the planned and actual number of children born, can be explained by the shift in parenthood to older ages and is associated with the non-attainment of one's intended reproductive plans. This paper focuses on the gap in the timing of entry into parenthood, i.e. between the planned and actual age at the birth of the first child. The study is based on data from the Women 2016 survey which re-interviewed women of fertile age from the second wave of the Czech Generations & Gender Survey conducted in 2008. At the population level, the fertility timing gap differs across generations. While for Czech women born between 1966 and 1971 the planned age exceeded the actual observed age by one year, the realisation of fertility occurred two years later than planned for the youngest generation (1983-1990) included in the study. At the individual level, the later-than-planned realisation of fertility was found to be related primarily to partner-related factors.
