• MeSH
• amantadin MeSH
• buněčné jádro MeSH
• geny MeSH
• Orthomyxoviridae účinky léků   MeSH

The plant hormones cytokinins are a convenient target of genetic manipulations that bring benefits in biotechnological applications. The present work demonstrates the importance of the subcellular compartmentalization of cytokinins on the model dicot plant Arabidopsis thaliana and monocot crop Hordeum vulgare. The method of protoplast and vacuole isolation combined with precise cytokinin analysis and recovery assay of a vacuolar marker protein were used to quantify the contents of individual cytokinin forms in the leaf extracellular space, cell interior and vacuole. The data obtained for wild type plants and in each case a specific mutant line allow comparing the effect of genetic manipulations on the hormone distribution and homeostatic balance of cytokinins in the modified plants.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biotechnologie MeSH
• cytokininy metabolismus   MeSH
• extracelulární prostor metabolismus   MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
• intracelulární prostor metabolismus   MeSH
• ječmen (rod) růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• kompartmentace buňky MeSH
• listy rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• membránové transportní proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• proteiny huseníčku genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• protoplasty metabolismus   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• vakuoly metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• orgánová a intracelulární distribuce, 2-natylisothiokyanát-35S,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• antifungální látky * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• barvení a značení metody   využití   MeSH
• energetický metabolismus účinky léků   MeSH
• experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
• isothiokyanatany * aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• radioizotopy stroncia MeSH
• radiometrie metody   využití   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

We have used a previously published computer model of the rat cardiac ventricular myocyte to investigate the effect of changing the distribution of Ca(2+) efflux pathways (SERCA, Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange, and sarcolemmal Ca(2+) ATPase) between the dyad and bulk cytoplasm and the effect of adding exogenous Ca(2+) buffers (BAPTA or EGTA), which are used experimentally to differentially buffer Ca(2+) in the dyad and bulk cytoplasm, on cellular Ca(2+) cycling. Increasing the dyadic fraction of a particular Ca(2+) efflux pathway increases the amount of Ca(2+) removed by that pathway, with corresponding changes in Ca(2+) efflux from the bulk cytoplasm. The magnitude of these effects varies with the proportion of the total Ca(2+) removed from the cytoplasm by that pathway. Differences in the response to EGTA and BAPTA, including changes in Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of the L-type Ca(2+) current, resulted from the buffers acting as slow and fast "shuttles," respectively, removing Ca(2+) from the dyadic space. The data suggest that complex changes in dyadic Ca(2+) and cellular Ca(2+) cycling occur as a result of changes in the location of Ca(2+) removal pathways or the presence of exogenous Ca(2+) buffers, although changing the distribution of Ca(2+) efflux pathways has relatively small effects on the systolic Ca(2+) transient.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• EGTA analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• gating iontového kanálu účinky léků   MeSH
• intracelulární prostor účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kardiomyocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kompartmentace buňky MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• pufry MeSH
• pumpa pro výměnu sodíku a vápníku metabolismus   MeSH
• sarkolema účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• srdeční komory cytologie   MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Diatoms are unicellular algae and important primary producers. The process of carbon fixation in diatoms is very efficient even though the availability of dissolved CO2 in sea water is very low. The operation of a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) also makes the more abundant bicarbonate accessible for photosynthetic carbon fixation. Diatoms possess carbonic anhydrases as well as metabolic enzymes potentially involved in C4 pathways; however, the question as to whether a C4 pathway plays a general role in diatoms is not yet solved. While genome analyses indicate that the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum possesses all the enzymes required to operate a C4 pathway, silencing of the pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) in a genetically transformed cell line does not lead to reduced photosynthetic carbon fixation. In this study, we have determined the intracellular location of all enzymes potentially involved in C4-like carbon fixing pathways in P. tricornutum by expression of the respective proteins fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), followed by fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, we compared the results to known pathways and locations of enzymes in higher plants performing C3 or C4 photosynthesis. This approach revealed that the intracellular distribution of the investigated enzymes is quite different from the one observed in higher plants. In particular, the apparent lack of a plastidic decarboxylase in P. tricornutum indicates that this diatom does not perform a C4-like CCM.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis fyziologie   MeSH
• fosfoenolpyruvátkarboxylasa klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosyntéza fyziologie   MeSH
• koloběh uhlíku MeSH
• kukuřice setá fyziologie   MeSH
• mitochondrie enzymologie   MeSH
• pyruvátkarboxylasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese enzymů fyziologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin fyziologie   MeSH
• rozsivky enzymologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

N-linked glycosylation of proteins has both functional and structural significance. Importantly, the glycan structure of a therapeutic protein influences its efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity. In this work, we developed glycosylation flux analysis (GFA) for predicting intracellular production and consumption rates (fluxes) of glycoforms, and applied this analysis to CHO fed-batch immunoglobulin G (IgG) production using two different media compositions, with and without additional manganese feeding. The GFA is based on a constraint-based modeling of the glycosylation network, employing a pseudo steady state assumption. While the glycosylation fluxes in the network are balanced at each time point, the GFA allows the fluxes to vary with time by way of two scaling factors: (1) an enzyme-specific factor that captures the temporal changes among glycosylation reactions catalysed by the same enzyme, and (2) the cell specific productivity factor that accounts for the dynamic changes in the IgG production rate. The GFA of the CHO fed-batch cultivations showed that regardless of the media composition, galactosylation fluxes decreased with the cultivation time more significantly than the other glycosylation reactions. Furthermore, the GFA showed that the addition of Mn, a cofactor of galactosyltransferase, has the effect of increasing the galactosylation fluxes but only during the beginning of the cultivation period. The results thus demonstrated the power of the GFA in delineating the dynamic alterations of the glycosylation fluxes by local (enzyme-specific) and global (cell specific productivity) factors.

• MeSH
• CHO buňky MeSH
• Cricetulus MeSH
• galaktosyltransferasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• glykosylace MeSH
• imunoglobulin G biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• křečci praví MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• křečci praví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• interakce mezi receptory a ligandy fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morfin farmakokinetika   MeSH
• narkotika farmakologie   MeSH
• opioidní peptidy fyziologie   MeSH
• receptory opiátové fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• systémy druhého messengeru fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• fluorescence MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva MeSH
• membránové potenciály metody   MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae fyziologie   MeSH

Príspevok prezentuje kvalitu aktívnej hmoty (netuková hmota, svalová hmota) a segmentálnu distribúciu tekutín v tele ako predpoklad výkonu u vrcholových basketbalistiek, strieborných medailistiek Majstrovstiev sveta 2010. Získané dáta preukázali úroveň netukovej hmoty (60,96±5,35 kg) a svalovej hmoty (57,07±5,0 kg) na úrovni elitných športovcov. Tuková hmota preukázala nižšie percentuálne zastúpenie ako je dostupnou literatúrou prezentované (14,34±2,37 %). Na základe získaných dát nie je možné jednoznačne vyjadriť trend pri zastúpení u jednotlivých hráčskych postov. Segmentálne rozloženie tekutín preukázalo asymetriu v prospech dominantnej končatiny pri horných končatinách (p <0,01), čo indikuje nevyhnutnosť realizácie cvičení pre kompenzáciu zisteného bilaterálneho deficitu. V závere autori diskutujú o potrebe kontinuálneho sledovania zmien kvality telesného zloženia v zmysle pozorovania jednotlivých zložiek vody resp. priamo a nepriamo merateľných parametrov pri bioimpedančnom meraní.

The article presents active mass quality (fat free mass, muscle mass) and segmental distribution of body fluids as a prerequisite of performance in elite female basketball players, silvermedallists at 2010 World Championship. The collected data indicated the level of fat free mass (60.96±5.35 kg) and muscle mass (57.07±5.0 kg) at the level of elite athletes. Fat mass showed lower percentage proportion than it is presented by available literature (14.34±2.37 %). Based on the gained data, it is not possible to definitely express a trend in proportion for individual playing positions. Segmental distribution of body fluids revealed a symmetry in favour of a dominant upper limb (p < 0.01), whichindicatetheneed to perform exercises in order to compensate the detected bilateral deficit. In conclusion, the authors discuss the necessity of continual monitoring changes in body composition quality in terms of monitoring individual components of water or directly and indirectly measurable parameters in bioimpedance measurement, respectively.

• MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• basketbal MeSH
• distribuce tělesného tuku * metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• intracelulární tekutina * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• složení těla * fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná konstituce * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• aktivní transport MeSH
• dihematoporfyrinether metabolismus   MeSH
• endoteliální buňky cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buňky kultivované MeSH
• nádory metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH