SCOPE: This study aims to assess in rats whether normalizing maternal diet during lactation prevents the harmful effects of western diet (WD) consumption during the whole perinatal period on the lipidomic profile in maternal milk and offspring plasma. METHODS AND RESULTS: Control dams (CON-dams), fed with standard diet (SD); WD-dams, fed with WD prior and during gestation and lactation; and reversion dams (REV-dams), fed as WD-dams but moved to SD during lactation are followed. Lipidomic analysis is performed in milk and plasma samples from pups. Milk of WD-dams presents a different triacylglycerol composition and free fatty acid (FA) profile compared to CON-dams, including an increased ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory long-chain polyunsaturated FA. Such alterations, which are also present in the plasma of their offspring, are widely reversed in the milk of REV-dams and the plasma of their pups. This is related with the recovery of control adiponectin expression levels in the mammary gland, and the presence of decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION: Implementing a healthy diet during lactation prevents early alterations in the plasma lipidome of pups associated to the maternal intake of an obesogenic diet, which may be related to the normalization of milk lipid content and the inflammatory state in the mammary gland.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• laktace metabolismus   MeSH
• lipidomika * MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• mléko * chemie   MeSH
• obezita etiologie   metabolismus   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zdravá strava MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Autori stanovovali koncentrácie niektorých antiepileptík (karbamazepínu a kyseliny valproovej) v sére matky a v materskom mlieku s následným poradenstvom ohľadom dojčenia. Doteraz vyšetrili hladiny karbamazepínu v sére a materskom mlieku u 14 rodičiek a hladiny kyseliny valproovej v sére a materskom mlieku u 20 rodičiek. Priemerná hodnota hladina karbamazepínu v sére matiek v tomto súbore bola 5,578 µg/ml, v materskom mlieku bola 1,173 µg/ml. Pomer hladiny karbamazepínu v sére a mlieku matky (M/P) bol priemerne 0,179, maximálny pomer bol 0,5, minimálny pomer bol 0,03. Žiadny z pomerov hladín karbamazepínu v plazme a mlieku matky nebol v pásme kontraindikácie dojčenia. U žiadneho z novorodencov neboli zistené nežiaduce účinky liečby karbamazepínom. Priemerná hodnota hladiny kyseliny valproovej v sére matiek v tomto súbore bola 57,715 µg/ml, v materskom mlieku bola 2,896 µg/ml. Žiadna z dojčiacich matiek nemala nameranú hladinu kyseliny valproovej vyššiu, ako je maximálna terapeutická hladina, všetky sa väčšinou pohybovali v dolných terapeutických hladinách. U žiadneho z detí, ktoré matka počas užívania kyseliny valproovej doj čila, neboli zistené nežiaduce účinky tejto terapie. Viac ako povolených 15 % hladiny kyseliny valproovej v materskom mlieku zo sérovej hladiny kyseliny valproovej autori zistili u dvoch dojčiacich matiek, teda im doporučili prerušiť dojčenie.

The authors determined the concentrations of some antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine and valproic acid) in the serum of mother and in mother's milk with subsequent advisory activity concerning breast feeding. Until now the authors examined the levels of carbamazepine in mother's milk of 14 mothers (women who have just given birth) and the levels of valproic acid in 20 such subjects. The mean level of carbamazepine in the serum of mother of our group was 5.578 µg/ml and that of the milk was 1.174 µg/ml. The ration of the level of carbamazepine in the milk and serum of the mothers was on the average179, maximum ratio being 0.5 and the minimum ratio 0.03. None of the ratios of the levels of carbamazepine in the plasma and milk was in the range of contraindication for breast feeding. None of the suckling children was found to suffer from untoward effects of the therapy with carbamazepine. The mean value of valoproic acid in the serum of mothers in this group was 57.715 µg/ml, the value in the mother's milk being 2.896 µg/ml. None of the breast feeding mothers had a higher level of valproic acid that the maximum therapeutic level, the levels were mostly in the area of lower therapeutic levels. None of the children whose mothers was taking valproic acid in the course of breastfeeding suffered from side effects of the therapy. More than the 15% of admitted level of valproic acid the mother's milk from the serum level of valproic acid was observed in two breastfeeding mothers and they were recommended to stop the breastfeeding.

• MeSH
• antikonvulziva farmakokinetika   farmakologie   kontraindikace   MeSH
• karbamazepin farmakokinetika   farmakologie   krev   MeSH
• kojení škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kyselina valproová farmakokinetika   farmakologie   krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko chemie   účinky léků   MeSH
• ženy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Léčba bolesti v období těhotenství a kojení přináší určitá omezení ve výběru analgetik. Důvodem je možné negativní ovlivnění plodu během gravidity a kojence v období laktace. Článek přináší přehled analgetik a jejich možnost užití v tomto období podle současných právních podkladů a dostupných klinických studií.

Treatment of pain during pregnancy and lactation brings certain limitation in terms of variety of analgetics.The reason is eventual negative impact on featus during pregnancy or infant later on. The article introduce an overview of possible use of analgetics in this period with regard to legislation and results from clinical trials.

• Klíčová slova
• perinatální farmakologie, milk plasma ratio, analgetika-antipyretika, nesteroidní antiflogistika, opioidy, adjuvantní analgetika,
• MeSH
• antidepresiva aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   kontraindikace   MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   kontraindikace   MeSH
• antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   kontraindikace   MeSH
• bolest etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• centrálně působící myorelaxancia aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   kontraindikace   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• laktace metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• opioidní analgetika aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   kontraindikace   MeSH
• sumatriptan aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• trimestry těhotenství metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the maintenance of immune system homeostasis. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder frequently associated with impaired immune cell numbers and functions. METHODS: We analyzed Treg cells in peripheral blood (n = 207) and bone marrow (n = 202) of pre-malignant and malignant MM patients using flow cytometry. Treg cells and their subsets from MM patients and healthy volunteers were functionally evaluated for their suppressive property. A cohort of 25 patients was analyzed for lymphocytes, CD4 T cells and Treg cells before and after treatment with cyclophosphamide, thalidomide plus dexamethasone (CTD). RESULTS: We found elevated frequencies of Treg cells in newly diagnosed (P<0.01) and relapsed MM patients (P<0.0001) compared to healthy volunteers. Also, Treg subsets including naïve (P = 0.015) and activated (P = 0.036) Treg cells were significantly increased in MM patients compared to healthy volunteers. Functional studies showed that Treg cells and their subsets from both MM and healthy volunteers were similar in their inhibitory function. Significantly increased frequencies of Treg cells were found in MM patients with adverse clinical features such as hypercalcemia (>10 mg/dL), decreased normal plasma cell (≤5%) count and IgA myeloma subtype. We also showed that MM patients with ≥5% of Treg cells had inferior time to progression (TTP) (13 months vs. median not reached; P = 0.013). Furthermore, we demonstrated the prognostic value of Treg cells in prediction of TTP by Cox regression analysis (P = 0.045). CTD treatment significantly reduced frequencies of CD4 T cells (P = 0.001) and Treg cells (P = 0.018) but not Treg cells/CD4 T cells ratio compared to pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed immune deregulation in MM patients which is evidenced by elevated level of functionally active Treg cells and patients with increased Treg cells have higher risk of progression.

• MeSH
• CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• cyklofosfamid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dexamethason terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hyperkalcemie etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom komplikace   farmakoterapie   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty účinky léků   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• T-lymfocyty - podskupiny imunologie   MeSH
• thalidomid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH