BACKGROUND: Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are heterogeneous hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and genome instability. Mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) is an important source of genome instability leading to oncogenesis, whereas small PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) act as cellular suppressors of TEs. However, the roles of TEs and piRNAs in MDS remain unclear. METHODS: In this study, we examined TE and piRNA expression through parallel RNA and small RNA sequencing of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from MDS patients. RESULTS: Comparative analysis of TE and piRNA expression between MDS and control samples revealed several significantly dysregulated molecules. However, significant differences were observed between lower-risk MDS (LR-MDS) and higher-risk MDS (HR-MDS) samples. In HR-MDS, we found an inverse correlation between decreased TE levels and increased piRNA expression and these TE and piRNA levels were significantly associated with patient outcomes. Importantly, the upregulation of PIWIL2, which encodes a key factor in the piRNA pathway, independently predicted poor prognosis in MDS patients, underscoring its potential as a valuable disease marker. Furthermore, pathway analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed that dysregulation of the TE‒piRNA axis is linked to the suppression of processes related to energy metabolism, the cell cycle, and the immune response, suggesting that these disruptions significantly affect cellular activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the parallel dysregulation of TEs and piRNAs in HR-MDS patients, highlighting their potential role in MDS progression and indicating that the PIWIL2 level is a promising molecular marker for prognosis.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

As the green transformation sweeps across industries in the digital age, tourism stakeholders face a pressing need to utilize online platforms and digital influencers for sustainability messaging. Drawing on the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability framework, this study investigates the influence of green ownership psychology and green knowledge sharing on tourists' repatronage intentions. It focuses on the mediating role of cooperative green activity programs and the moderating impact of tourists' green trust in social media influencers. Results from a two-wave survey of 602 tourists in Vietnam show that green practices directly increase repatronage intentions. Cooperative green activity programs significantly mediate this relationship, enhancing the impact of green marketing practices on repatronage intentions. Furthermore, tourists' green trust in social media influencers is a crucial moderating factor. It increases the effectiveness of green ownership psychology and green knowledge sharing in influencing repatronage intentions through cooperative green activity programs. The study highlights how the emotional and cognitive aspects of green marketing contribute to tourists' decisions to revisit or continue using tourism services. Offering original insights into the interplay of these elements in green marketing within the tourism industry, this research enriches the application of the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability framework. It provides valuable implications for tourism companies aiming to foster sustainable practices and enhance customer loyalty, highlighting the role of digital influencer engagement and cooperative sustainability initiatives in green marketing strategies.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• důvěra MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• sociální média MeSH
• turistika * MeSH
• úmysl MeSH
• vlastnictví * MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů MeSH
• znalosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Vietnam MeSH

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play a crucial role in safeguarding genome integrity by silencing mobile genetic elements. From flies to humans, piRNAs originate from long single-stranded precursors encoded by genomic piRNA clusters. How piRNA clusters form to adapt to genomic invaders and evolve to maintain protection remain key outstanding questions. Here, we generate a roadmap of piRNA clusters across seven species that highlights both similarities and variations. In mammals, we identify transcriptional readthrough as a mechanism to generate piRNAs from transposon insertions (piCs) downstream of genes (DoG). Together with the well-known stress-dependent DoG transcripts, our findings suggest a molecular mechanism for the formation of piRNA clusters in response to retroviral invasion. Finally, we identify a class of dynamic piRNA clusters in humans, underscoring unique features of human germ cell biology. Our results advance the understanding of conserved principles and species-specific variations in piRNA biology and provide tools for future studies.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malá interferující RNA * metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• Piwi-interagující RNA MeSH
• psi MeSH
• savci * genetika   MeSH
• transpozibilní elementy DNA genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Narůstající incidence bakterií rezistentních k antibiotikům poslední volby představuje jeden z nejvýznamnějších medicínských problémů, který komplikuje úspěšnou léčbu život ohrožujících infekcí. V rámci navrhovaného projektu bude provedena molekulárně-epidemiologická/genomická analýza Enterobacterales produkujících karbapenemázy (CPE) izolovaných z pacientů hospitalizovaných v českých nemocnicích a srovnání s bakteriální populací citlivou ke karbapenemům. S využitím nejmodernějších postupů celogenomového sekvenování a bioinformatické analýzy budou identifikovány jedinečné rysy CPE, vysoce rizikové klony se zvýšeným významem pro zdraví populace a mobilní genetické elementy spojené s šířením rezistence ke karbapenemům v nemocnicích. Komplexní genomická analýza umožní popsat genetickou strukturu sledovaných bakteriálních populací včetně její dynamiky prostřednictvím mikroevolučních změn během šíření nemocničních nákaz. Výsledky projektu budou bezprostředně využity pro zlepšení a zpřesnění diagnostiky infekčních nemocí a návrh účinnějších postupů v prevenci a kontrole šíření patogenů.; Growing incidence of bacteria resistant to last-line antibiotics represents one of the most important medical issue, complicating the successful treatment of life-threatening infections. In this project, molecular-epidemiological and genomic analysis of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolated from patients in Czech hospitals and its comparison with the carbapenem-susceptible population will be performed. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis will allow to identify specific features of CPE, high-risk clones with increased importance for public health and mobile genetic elements associated with the dissemination of resistance to carbapenems in hospitals. Complex genomic analysis will reveal genetic structure of the studied bacterial populations including their dynamics through microevolutionary changes in the clinical context of a hospital outbreak. The project outcomes will be used to improve the diagnostics of infectious diseases and to outline effective interventions for the prevention and control of the transmission of bacterial pathogens.

• Klíčová slova
• Whole-genome sequencing, antibiotic resistance, antibiotická rezistence, karbapenemy, populační studie, carbapenems, genomika, genomics, Enterobacterales, celogenomová sekvenace, Enterobacterales, population study,

• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

Šíření bakterií rezistentních k antibiotikům představuje závažný medicínský problém. Zástupci řádu Enterobacterales, zejména Escherichia coli a Klebsiella spp., patří mezi původce močových a jiných závažných infekcí člověka a zároveň často vykazují mnohočetnou rezistenci k antibiotikům. Rezistentní bakterie se mohou šířit z nemocnic do odpadních vod a následně přes městské čistírny odpadních vod do vod povrchových. Tento projekt je zaměřen na celkové sledování cest šíření antibiotické rezistence z nemocnic do prostředí s využitím sekvenačních technik závislých i nezávislých na předchozí kultivaci. Celogenomové sekvenování bude použito k mapování genetického pozadí klinicky závažných bakteriálních klonů. Metagenomika umožní detailní charakterizaci komplexních bakteriálních populací, detekci zájmových genetických markerů (genů rezistence, virulence, mobilních genetických elementů) a zhodnocení skrytých zdrojů antibiotické rezistence. Kombinací použitých přístupů bude zhodnoceno šíření rezistentních bakterií a klinicky a epidemiologicky důležitých elementů z nemocnic do prostředí.; Dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria represents a top clinical challenge. Enterobacterales order, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., is among the most common agents of urinary tract and other severe infections and is commonly resistant to multiple antibiotics. Resistant bacteria can spread from hospitals via raw sewage to urban wastewater treatment plants and into surface waters. This project is focused on revealing complex transmission routes of antibiotic resistance from hospitals to the environment using culture-dependent and -independent sequencing approaches. Whole genome sequencing will provide genetic context of clinically important bacterial clones. Metagenomics will enable characterization of complex bacterial populations, detection of genetic markers of interest (resistance and virulence genes, mobile genetic elements) and the investigation of silent sources of antibiotic resistance. Such a combined approach will reveal the spread of resistant bacteria and clinically and epidemiologically relevant elements from hospitals into the environment.

• Klíčová slova
• Celogenomové sekvenování, antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli, antibiotická rezistence, metagenomika, metagenomics, Whole Genome Sequencing, Klebsiella spp., odpadní vody, Klebsiella spp., waste waters, klinické izoláty, clinical isolates,

• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

INTRODUCTION: In the battle against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, ceftazidime- avibactam (CZA) stands as a pivotal defense, particularly against carbapenemresistant (CR) Gram-negative pathogens. However, the rise in resistance against this drug poses a significant threat to its effectiveness, highlighting the critical need for in-depth studies about its resistance mechanisms. METHODS: This research focuses on the genomic characterization of CR- and CZA-resistant Escherichia coli (n=26) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=34) strains, harboring the blaNDM and/or blaOXA-48-like genes, at a major Lebanese tertiary care medical center, using whole genome sequencing (WGS). RESULTS: Our findings revealed a notable prevalence of blaNDM in all K. pneumoniae strains isolates, with 27 of these also harboring blaOXA-48. On the other hand, E. coli strains predominantly carried the blaNDM-5 gene. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) identified a predominance of ST383 among K. pneumoniae strains, which possessed a multi-replicon IncFIB-IncHI1B plasmid harboring the blaNDM-5. Additionally, various Inc group plasmids in K. pneumoniae across multiple sequence types were found to carry the blaNDM. Similarly, diverse STs of E. coli were observed to carry blaNDM-5 on different plasmids. DISCUSSION: The study underscores NDM carbapenemases as a paramount resistance mechanism in Lebanon,jeopardizing critical last-resort treatments. It also illuminates the role of varied sequence types and mobile genetic elements in the spread of NDM resistance,stressing the urgent need for strategies to mitigate this threat, especially in nosocomial infections.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• azabicyklické sloučeniny * farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• beta-laktamasy * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• ceftazidim * farmakologie   MeSH
• centra terciární péče MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae rezistentní na karbapenemy genetika   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Escherichia coli * genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků * MeSH
• genom bakteriální MeSH
• karbapenemy * farmakologie   MeSH
• Klebsiella pneumoniae * genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence * genetika   MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• přenos genů horizontální MeSH
• sekvenování celého genomu * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Libanon MeSH

BACKGROUND: The advancement of sequencing technologies results in the rapid release of hundreds of new genome assemblies a year providing unprecedented resources for the study of genome evolution. Within this context, the significance of in-depth analyses of repetitive elements, transposable elements (TEs) in particular, is increasingly recognized in understanding genome evolution. Despite the plethora of available bioinformatic tools for identifying and annotating TEs, the phylogenetic distance of the target species from a curated and classified database of repetitive element sequences constrains any automated annotation effort. Moreover, manual curation of raw repeat libraries is deemed essential due to the frequent incompleteness of automatically generated consensus sequences. RESULTS: Here, we present an example of a crowd-sourcing effort aimed at curating and annotating TE libraries of two non-model species built around a collaborative, peer-reviewed teaching process. Manual curation and classification are time-consuming processes that offer limited short-term academic rewards and are typically confined to a few research groups where methods are taught through hands-on experience. Crowd-sourcing efforts could therefore offer a significant opportunity to bridge the gap between learning the methods of curation effectively and empowering the scientific community with high-quality, reusable repeat libraries. CONCLUSIONS: The collaborative manual curation of TEs from two tardigrade species, for which there were no TE libraries available, resulted in the successful characterization of hundreds of new and diverse TEs in a reasonable time frame. Our crowd-sourcing setting can be used as a teaching reference guide for similar projects: A hidden treasure awaits discovery within non-model organisms.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

UNLABELLED: Trunk control may influence self-care, mobility, and participation, as well as how children living with cerebral palsy (CP) move around. Mobility and Gross Motor performance are described over environmental factors, while locomotion can be understood as the intrinsic ontogenetic automatic postural function of the central nervous system, and could be the underlying element explaining the relationship between these factors. Our goal is to study the correlation among Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) domains, as well as Locomotor Stages (LS). METHODS: A feasibility observational analysis was designed including 25 children with CP who were assessed with these scales. RESULTS: The strong correlation confirms higher levels of trunk control in children with better self-care, mobility and participation capacities. Strong correlations indicate also that higher LS show better levels of PEDI and TCMS domains. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that more mature LS require higher levels of trunk control, benefitting self-care, mobility and social functions.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• genom lidský * genetika   MeSH
• genom mitochondriální genetika   MeSH
• geny genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• projekt Lidský genom MeSH
• rozptýlené repetitivní sekvence genetika   MeSH
• tandemové repetitivní sekvence genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The essence of the presented research is to use a video study to analyse the position of the warm-up in physical education lessons at the lower secondary schools in the Zlín region. The research has a descriptive character and is quantitatively oriented. Based on the data analysis, it was found that out of the total time of the physical education teaching unit, the actual length of a physical education lesson was on average 36 minutes and 30 seconds. The warming up was devoted to an average of 6 minutes and 22 seconds of the actual length of the physical education lesson. Another finding was a connection between the content of the warming up and the main part in most teaching units. The warming up was led mainly by teachers (15 teaching units) and pupils (14 teaching units). In the warming up, mobilization (dynamic) exercises and static stretching were the most common. The teacher's most common activity was to point out mistakes that students made during practice. The other most common activities (except for the category "other", where more things were included: such as organization, health solutions, etc.) were verbal instructions. The most common organization of position is the so-called "free in space". Warming up has its place in physical education lessons. It is proved by not only that the warm-up took place in all monitored physical education but also the physical education teachers have the interest to include innovative elements (not only) into the warming up. This fact opens another possibility in the field of education of physical education teachers.