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BACKGROUND: The cerebellum is one of the major central nervous structures consistently altered in obesity. Its role in higher cognitive function, parts of which are affected by obesity, is mediated through projections to and from the cerebral cortex. We therefore investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cerebellocerebral connectivity. METHODS: We utilized the Human Connectome Project's Young Adults dataset, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral data, to perform connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) restricted to cerebellocerebral connectivity of resting-state fMRI and task-based fMRI. We developed a Python-based open-source framework to perform CPM, a data-driven technique with built-in cross-validation to establish brain-behavior relationships. Significance was assessed with permutation analysis. RESULTS: We found that (i) cerebellocerebral connectivity predicted BMI, (ii) task-general cerebellocerebral connectivity predicted BMI more reliably than resting-state fMRI and individual task-based fMRI separately, (iii) predictive networks derived this way overlapped with established functional brain networks (namely, frontoparietal networks, the somatomotor network, the salience network, and the default mode network), and (iv) we found there was an inverse overlap between networks predictive of BMI and networks predictive of cognitive measures adversely affected by overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest obesity-specific alterations in cerebellocerebral connectivity, specifically with regard to task execution. With brain areas and brain networks relevant to task performance implicated, these alterations seem to reflect a neurobiological substrate for task performance adversely affected by obesity.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
- konektom * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozeček * diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- nervová síť diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- obezita diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Intestinal milieu disorders are strongly related to the occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which results from mucosa destruction, epithelium disruption, and tight junction (TJ) proteins loss. Excess of H2 S in the intestinal milieu produced by the sulfate-reducing bacteria metabolism contributes to development of IBDs via epithelial barrier breakdown. Conventional interventions, such as surgery and anti-inflammatory medications, are considered not completely effective because of frequent recurrence and other complications. Herein, a novel oral delivery system, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-based polymer-coated Zr-based metal-organic framework (UiO-66) with a Cux -rhodamine B (CR) probe (hereinafter referred to as HUR), is produced via a co-flow microfluidic approach with the ability to reduce H2 S levels, thus restoring the intestinal lumen milieu. HPMCAS serves as an enteric coating that exposes UiO-66@CR at the pH of the intestine but not the acidic pH of the stomach. The synthesized HUR exhibits notable therapeutic efficacy, including mucosa recovery, epithelium integrity restoration, and TJ proteins upregulation via H2 S scavenging to protect against intestinal barrier damage and microbiome dysbiosis. Thus, HUR is verified to be a promising theranostic platform able to decrease the H2 S content for intestinal milieu disorder treatment. The presented study therefore opens the door for further exploitation for IBDs therapy.
Benchmarking and monitoring of urban design and transport features is crucial to achieving local and international health and sustainability goals. However, most urban indicator frameworks use coarse spatial scales that either only allow between-city comparisons, or require expensive, technical, local spatial analyses for within-city comparisons. This study developed a reusable, open-source urban indicator computational framework using open data to enable consistent local and global comparative analyses. We show this framework by calculating spatial indicators-for 25 diverse cities in 19 countries-of urban design and transport features that support health and sustainability. We link these indicators to cities' policy contexts, and identify populations living above and below critical thresholds for physical activity through walking. Efforts to broaden participation in crowdsourcing data and to calculate globally consistent indicators are essential for planning evidence-informed urban interventions, monitoring policy effects, and learning lessons from peer cities to achieve health, equity, and sustainability goals.
- MeSH
- celosvětové zdraví * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prostorová analýza MeSH
- software MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- zdravotní stav * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- velkoměsta MeSH
BACKGROUND: A comprehensive legal framework needs to be developed to run the health services and to regulate the information systems required to manage and to ensure the quality of cancer screening programmes. The aim of our study was to document and to compare the status of legal basis for cervical screening registration in European countries. METHODS: An electronic questionnaire including questions on governance, decision-making structures and legal framework was developed. The primary responses were collected by September 2016. RESULTS: We sent the questionnaire to representatives of 35 European countries (28 countries of the EU, with the United Kingdom included as 4 countries; 4 EFTA member countries: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland); responses were collected from 33 countries. The legal framework makes it possible to personally invite individuals in 29 countries (88%). Systematic screening registration in an electronic registry is legally enshrined in 23 countries (70%). Individual linkage of records between screening and cancer registries is allowed in 19 of those countries. Linkage studies involving cancer and screening registries have been conducted in 15 countries. CONCLUSION: Although the majority of EU/EFTA countries have implemented population-based screening, only half of them have successfully performed record linkage studies, which are nevertheless a key recommendation for quality assurance of the entire screening process. The European legislation is open to the possibility of using health data for these purposes; however, member states themselves must recognize the public interest to create a legal basis, which would enable all the necessary functions for high-quality cancer screening programmes.
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- časná detekce nádoru metody normy MeSH
- důvěrnost informací zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku diagnóza MeSH
- registrace normy MeSH
- vytváření politiky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
ELIXIR is a pan-European intergovernmental organisation for life science that aims to coordinate bioinformatics resources in a single infrastructure across Europe; bioinformatics training is central to its strategy, which aims to develop a training community that spans all ELIXIR member states. In an evidence-based approach for strengthening bioinformatics training programmes across Europe, the ELIXIR Training Platform, led by the ELIXIR EXCELERATE Quality and Impact Assessment Subtask in collaboration with the ELIXIR Training Coordinators Group, has implemented an assessment strategy to measure quality and impact of its entire training portfolio. Here, we present ELIXIR's framework for assessing training quality and impact, which includes the following: specifying assessment aims, determining what data to collect in order to address these aims, and our strategy for centralised data collection to allow for ELIXIR-wide analyses. In addition, we present an overview of the ELIXIR training data collected over the past 4 years. We highlight the importance of a coordinated and consistent data collection approach and the relevance of defining specific metrics and answer scales for consortium-wide analyses as well as for comparison of data across iterations of the same course.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- hodnocení programu MeSH
- kontinuální vzdělávání MeSH
- kurikulum MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- řízení kvality * MeSH
- sběr dat MeSH
- software MeSH
- uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
- výpočetní biologie výchova normy MeSH
- výzkumní pracovníci MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Součástí politiky Evropské komise je široká mezinárodní spolupráce nejen s členskými a asociovanými státy Evropské unie (EU), ale také s tzv. třetími zeměmi v největším evropském komunitárním programu EU pro vědu a výzkum, 7. rámcovém programu EU na roky 2007–2013. Oblast biomedicínského výzkumu jako jednoho z klíčových výzkumných priorit EU je formulována v prioritě Health a je zaměřena na výzkum globálních zdravotních a zdravotnických problémů jako např. výzkum HIV/ADIS, rakoviny, diabetu a obezity, vzácných chorob, chronických onemocnění, kardiovaskulárních chorob apod. V tomto programu jsou reflektovány i aktuální globální změny jako stárnutí populace a s tím spojené problémy a zvýšené náklady na zdravotní systémy, ale také hrozby nových možných epidemií a dalších zdravotních hrozeb. Cesta široké mezinárodní spolupráce tak poskytuje ideální platformu pro společný výzkum, vývoj a inovace v biomedicínském výzkumu směřující k rychlejšímu a efektivnějšímu řešení globálních zdravotních problémů celosvětové populace.
International cooperation, in EU -funded health research with research partners on five continents, with project opportunities is open to applicants from every country on the map, with generous funding for international teams exploring issues of relevance to the global community, the EU is fostering ambitious undertakings involving scientists and organisations from Europe and beyond. This commitment to scientific collaboration characterises the EU’s approach to research and innovation. The European Commission is considering further ways of boosting the impact of its research contribution. Throughout successive Framework Programmes, international cooperation in EU -funded health research has matured into a proud tradition. All health research topics are now potentially open to applicants from any country. All the projects are advancing the understanding of human health or striving to address an unmet need in prevention, diagnosis, treatment or healthcare provision.
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are essential for all life, and their functions often depend on their secondary (2D) and tertiary structure. Despite the abundance of software for the visualisation of ncRNAs, few automatically generate consistent and recognisable 2D layouts, which makes it challenging for users to construct, compare and analyse structures. Here, we present R2DT, a method for predicting and visualising a wide range of RNA structures in standardised layouts. R2DT is based on a library of 3,647 templates representing the majority of known structured RNAs. R2DT has been applied to ncRNA sequences from the RNAcentral database and produced >13 million diagrams, creating the world's largest RNA 2D structure dataset. The software is amenable to community expansion, and is freely available at https://github.com/rnacentral/R2DT and a web server is found at https://rnacentral.org/r2dt .
- MeSH
- databáze nukleových kyselin MeSH
- konformace nukleové kyseliny MeSH
- nekódující RNA chemie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- RNA chemie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza RNA MeSH
- software MeSH
- výpočetní biologie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
Contemporary bioinformatic and chemoinformatic capabilities hold promise to reshape knowledge management, analysis and interpretation of data in natural products research. Currently, reliance on a disparate set of non-standardized, insular, and specialized databases presents a series of challenges for data access, both within the discipline and for integration and interoperability between related fields. The fundamental elements of exchange are referenced structure-organism pairs that establish relationships between distinct molecular structures and the living organisms from which they were identified. Consolidating and sharing such information via an open platform has strong transformative potential for natural products research and beyond. This is the ultimate goal of the newly established LOTUS initiative, which has now completed the first steps toward the harmonization, curation, validation and open dissemination of 750,000+ referenced structure-organism pairs. LOTUS data is hosted on Wikidata and regularly mirrored on https://lotus.naturalproducts.net. Data sharing within the Wikidata framework broadens data access and interoperability, opening new possibilities for community curation and evolving publication models. Furthermore, embedding LOTUS data into the vast Wikidata knowledge graph will facilitate new biological and chemical insights. The LOTUS initiative represents an important advancement in the design and deployment of a comprehensive and collaborative natural products knowledge base.
