parity Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

Přesná shoda Sémantické

BACKGROUND: Maternal characteristics may be associated with human milk macronutrients but no definite conclusions have been made to date. AIM: This study aimed to determine the relationship of maternal-associated factors on the content of macronutrients in human milk for the first six weeks after preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SUBJECTS: Milk samples were collected from mothers after premature birth between 24 + 0-35 + 6 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: Macronutrients and energy content were analyzed by mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy. Demographic and anthropometric data from mothers were systematically recorded. RESULTS: A total 1.558 human milk samples from 192 mothers were analyzed. Colostrum: higher protein (p = 0.001) and lower carbohydrate content (p = 0.003) were present in primiparous compared to multiparous milk. Vaginal birth was associated with increased carbohydrate content (p = 0.021). Fat and energy content in colostrum was not related to any maternal characteristics. Mature human milk: similarly to colostrum, higher protein content (p = 0.001) and lower carbohydrates content (p = 0.022) were observed in primiparous compared to multiparous milk. The mode of delivery was found to be another factor possibly influencing protein and carbohydrate levels (p = 0.036, p = 0.003, respectively). Pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with increased fat (p = 0.030) and energy content (p = 0.020) in human milk. On the contrary, smoking had a negative relationship to fat and energy content (p = 0.026, p = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION: Human milk macronutrient concentration after preterm delivery is associated with pre-pregnancy obesity, parity, mode of delivery and smoking. The impact of maternal factors on human milk composition should be taken into account in a strategy of feeding in premature infants.

MeSH
dospělí MeSH
index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
kouření škodlivé účinky epidemiologie MeSH
lidé MeSH
mateřské mléko chemie metabolismus MeSH
parita * MeSH
předčasný porod epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
těhotenství MeSH
živiny analýza MeSH
Check Tag
dospělí MeSH
lidé MeSH
těhotenství MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH

Článek

Parity and cancer risk in Slovakia

... 74 who died between 1968 and 1977 in Slovakia, Czechoslovakia, were used to examine the effect of parity ...

International journal of cancer. 1985 ; 36 (5) : 529-33. [pub] 1985Nov15

Int J Cancer
ISSN 0020-7136
Medvik
Zdroj

Mortality data from women aged 45-74 who died between 1968 and 1977 in Slovakia, Czechoslovakia, were used to examine the effect of parity (number of live-born children) on risk of dying from each of 20 common cancers. After controlling for the effects of age and year of death, the effect of parity on risk was statistically significant at the p less than 0.001 level, for cancers of the stomach, liver, gall-bladder, breast, cervix, and ovary; and at the p less than 0.01 level for uterine corpus and brain. No effect of parity was seen for cancer of the colon or rectum. Among parous women the trend relating risk to level of parity was significant at the p less than 0.001 level for cancers of the breast, uterine corpus, ovary and brain; and at the p less than 0.01 level for stomach cancer. The findings relating parity to cancers of the breast and reproductive organs are consistent with previous reports. The associations of parity with cancers of the digestive tract deserve further study.

Abstrakt

New mental health care market : potholes on the road to parity

Mechanic, David, 1936-
Autor Autorita
McAlpine, Donna M
Autor Autorita

Bethesda : Project HOPE, 1999

Health affairs, ISSN 0278-2715 vol. 18, no. 5, September/October 1999

270 s. : il., tab. ; 26 cm

Článek online

Parity moderates the effect of delivery mode on maternal ratings of infant temperament

... temperament across the first 9 postpartum months, controlling for indications for CS and investigating parity ...

PLoS One. 2021 ; 16 (8) : e0255367. [pub] 20210812

ISSN 1932-6203
Medvik
Zdroj

OBJECTIVE: Cesarean section (CS) rates are rising rapidly around the world but no conclusive evidence has been obtained about the possible short- and long-term effects of CS on child behavior. We evaluated prospectively the association between CS and infant temperament across the first 9 postpartum months, controlling for indications for CS and investigating parity and infant sex as moderators. METHODS: The sample consisted of mothers and their healthy infants. Infant temperament was measured using the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire completed by the mothers at 6 weeks (n = 452) and 9 months (n = 258) postpartum. Mode of birth was classified into spontaneous vaginal birth (n = 347 for 6 weeks sample; 197 for 9 months sample), CS planned for medical reasons (n = 55; 28) and emergency CS (n = 50; 33). RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis revealed no main effects of birth mode, but showed a significant interaction between birth mode and parity indicating that emergency CS in firstborn infants was associated with more difficult temperament at 6 weeks. There were no significant associations between indications for CS and infant temperament, although breech presentation predicted difficult temperament at 9 months. CONCLUSION: We largely failed to support the association between CS and infant temperament. Although our results suggest that emergency CS may be associated with temperament in firstborns, further research is needed to replicate this finding, preferably using observational measures to assess child temperament.