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Potato represents the third most important crop worldwide and therefore to understand regulations of tuber onset is crucial from both theoretical and practical points of view. Photosynthesis and related carbohydrate status along with phytohormone balance belong to the essential factors in regulation of plant development including storage organ formation. In our work we used potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Lada and its spontaneously tuberizing mutant (ST plants) grown in vitro under low carbohydrate availability (non-inductive conditions). Small plant phenotype and readiness to tuberization of ST plants was, however, not accompanied by lower gibberellins levels, as determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. Therefore, we focused on the other inducing factor, carbohydrate status. Using HPLC, we followed changes in carbohydrate distribution under mixotrophic (2.5% sucrose in medium) and photoautotrophic conditions (no sucrose addition and higher gas and light availability) and observed changes in soluble carbohydrate allocation and starch deposition, favouring basal stem part in mutants. In addition, the determination of tuber-inducing marker gene expressions revealed increased levels of StSP6A in ST leaves. Collectively these data point towards the possibility of two parallel cross-talking pathways (carbohydrate - and gibberellin- dependent ones) with the power of both to outcompete the other one when its signal is for some reason extraordinary strong.
- MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- gibereliny metabolismus MeSH
- hlízy rostlin genetika metabolismus MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů genetika fyziologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin genetika fyziologie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Solanum tuberosum genetika metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A number of scientific reports published to date contain data on endogenous levels of various phytohormones in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) but a complete cytokinin profile of potato tissues, that would include data on all particular molecular forms of cytokinin, has still been missing. In this work, endogenous levels of all analytically detectable isoprenoid cytokinins, as well as the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) have been determined in shoots and roots of 30 day old in vitro grown potato (cv. Désirée). The results presented here are generally similar to other data reported for in vitro grown potato plants, whereas greenhouse-grown plants typically contain lower levels of ABA, possibly indicating that in vitro grown potato is exposed to chronic stress. Cytokinin N-glucosides, particularly N7-glucosides, are the dominant cytokinin forms in both shoots and roots of potato, whereas nucleobases, as the bioactive forms of cytokinins, comprise a low proportion of cytokinin levels in tissues of potato. Differences in phytohormone composition between shoots and roots of potato suggest specific patterns of transport and/or differences in tissue-specific metabolism of plant hormones. These results represent a contribution to understanding the hormonomics of potato, a crop species of extraordinary economic importance.
- MeSH
- cytokininy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina abscisová analýza metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové analýza metabolismus MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Solanum tuberosum růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- výhonky rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Common scab of potatoes is a disease, which is difficult to manage due to complex interactions of the pathogenic bacteria (Streptomyces spp.) with soil, microbial community and potato plants. In Bohemian-Moravian Highlands in the Czech Republic two sites (Vyklantice and Zdirec) were selected for a study of common scab disease suppressivity. At both sites, a field with low disease severity occurs next to one with high severity and the situation was regularly observed over four decades although all four fields undergo a crop rotation. In the four fields, quantities of bacteria, actinobacteria and the gene txtB from the biosynthetic gene cluster of thaxtomin, the main pathogenicity factor of common scab, were analyzed by real-time PCR. Microbial community structure was compared by terminal fragment length polymorphism analysis. Soil and potato periderm were characterized by contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, and iron. Quality of organic matter was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography of soil extracts. The study demonstrated that the suppressive character of the fields is locally specific. At Zdirec, the suppressivity was associated with low txtB gene copies in bulk soil, while at Vyklantice site it was associated with low txtB gene copies in the tuberosphere. The differences were discussed with respect to the effect of abiotic conditions at Zdirec and interaction between potato plant and soil microbial community at Vyklantice. Soil pH, Ca soil content or cation concentrations, although different were not in the range to predict the disease severity. Low severity of common scab was associated with low content of soil C, N, C/N, Ca and Fe suggesting that oligotrophic conditions may be favorable to common scab suppression.
- MeSH
- bakteriální geny * MeSH
- hlízy rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- indoly metabolismus MeSH
- multigenová rodina * MeSH
- nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- piperaziny metabolismus MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů * MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Solanum tuberosum mikrobiologie MeSH
- Streptomyces genetika metabolismus patogenita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
