primary succession
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Little is known about the functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis over the course of primary succession, where soil, host plants, and AM fungal communities all undergo significant changes. Over the course of succession at the studied post-mining site, plant cover changes from an herbaceous community to the closed canopy of a deciduous forest. Calamagrostis epigejos (Poaceae) is a common denominator at all stages, and it dominates among AM host species. Its growth response to AM fungi was studied at four distinctive stages of natural succession: 12, 20, 30, and 50 years of age, each represented by three spatially separated sites. Soils obtained from all 12 studied sites were γ-sterilized and used in a greenhouse experiment in which C. epigejos plants were (1) inoculated with a respective community of native AM fungi, (2) inoculated with reference AM fungal isolates from laboratory collection, or (3) cultivated without AM fungi. AM fungi strongly boosted plant growth during the first two stages but not during the latter two, where the effect was neutral or even negative. While plant phosphorus (P) uptake was generally increased by AM fungi, no contribution of mycorrhizae to nitrogen (N) uptake was recorded. Based on N:P in plant biomass, we related the turn from a positive to a neutral/negative effect of AM fungi on plant growth, observed along the chronosequence, to a shift in relative P and N availability. No functional differences were found between native and reference inocula, yet root colonization by the native AM fungi decreased relative to the reference inoculum in the later succession stages, thereby indicating shifts in the composition of AM fungal communities reflected in different functional characteristics of their members.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- lipnicovité fyziologie MeSH
- mykorhiza fyziologie MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- vývoj rostlin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
V předkládaném článku osvětlujeme souhrn požadovaných dovedností potřebných k dosažení úspěchů na poli primární prevence sociálně patologických jevů. Upozorňujeme na nezbytnost odborné i praktické připravenosti pracovníků v oblasti prevence, zvláště pokud jde o jejich vzdělání, psychologické a pedagogické dovedností, sociální kompetence i emocionální stabilitu. Předkládáme přehled základních technik primární prevence, nezbytných informací o daném tématu a vzdělávacích materiálů.Výběr konkrétních technik závisí na specifickém charakteru a zaměření skupiny. Dále referujeme o možnosti využití metafory při práci se školní třídou, v rámci primární prevence sociálně patologických jevů. Popisujeme podrobně aplikaci techniky včetně našich dosavadních zkušeností.
This paper focuses on summary of demands and skills which are indispensable to achieve success in the field of primary prevention programs. We are thereby identifying and specifying needs of the area of education, psychological and pedagogical skills, social competence and emotional stability. We produced overview of elemental techniques of primary prevention and recommend use of certain information and educational materials. Selection of specific technique depends, indeed, on a particular target group and its specifics. In this report we would like to inform about the role of metaphore in the work with the school class. It helps in the primary prevention of social pathological phenomenons. We describe the methodology in details including its administration and our existing opinion and knowledge.
... Cunningham-Rundles: Key aspects for an adequate immunoglobulin therapy of primary immunodeficiencies ... ... Cunningham-Rundles: Autoimmunity in primary immune deficiency: taking lessons from our patients -- 12 ... ... Julia: The experience of Flebogammadif® in primary immune thrombocytopenia -- 16 C. ... ... Cunningham-Rundles: Key aspects for successful immunoglobulin therapy of primary immunodeficiencies ...
Clinical and experimental immunology, ISSN 0009-9104 Volume 164, Supplement 2, June 2011
19 stran : ilustrace ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- imunomodulační látky MeSH
- imunoterapie MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny MeSH
- primární imunodeficience MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- sborníky MeSH
- zprávy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- alergologie a imunologie
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) grass Calamagrostis epigejos and predominantly ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree Salix caprea co-occur at post-mining sites spontaneously colonized by vegetation. During succession, AM herbaceous vegetation is replaced by predominantly EcM woody species. To better understand the interaction of AM and EcM plants during vegetation transition, we studied the reciprocal effects of these species' coexistence on their root-associated fungi (RAF). We collected root and soil samples from three different microenvironments: stand of C. epigejos, under S. caprea canopy, and contact zone where roots of the two species interacted. RAF communities and mycorrhizal colonization were determined in sampled roots, and the soil was tested for EcM and AM inoculation potentials. Although the microenvironment significantly affected composition of the RAF communities in both plant species, the effect was greater in the case of C. epigejos RAF communities than in that of S. caprea RAF communities. The presence of S. caprea also significantly decreased AM fungal abundance in soil as well as AM colonization and richness of AM fungi in C. epigejos roots. Changes observed in the abundance and community composition of AM fungi might constitute an important factor in transition from AM-dominated to EcM-dominated vegetation during succession.
- MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- lipnicovité mikrobiologie MeSH
- mykorhiza fyziologie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Salix mikrobiologie MeSH
- stromy mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Asexual queen succession (AQS), in which workers, soldiers and dispersing reproductives are produced sexually while numerous non-dispersing queens arise through thelytokous parthenogenesis, has recently been described in three species of lower termites of the genus Reticulitermes. Here, we show that AQS is not an oddity restricted to a single genus of lower termites, but a more widespread strategy occurring also in the most advanced termite group, the higher termites (Termitidae). We analysed the genetic structure in 10 colonies of the Neotropical higher termite Embiratermes neotenicus (Syntermitinae) using five newly developed polymorphic microsatellite loci. The colonies contained one primary king accompanied either by a single primary queen or by up to almost 200 neotenic queens. While the workers, the soldiers and most future dispersing reproductives were produced sexually, the non-dispersing neotenic queens originated through thelytokous parthenogenesis of the founding primary queen. Surprisingly, the mode of thelytoky observed in E. neotenicus is most probably automixis with central fusion, contrasting with the automixis with terminal fusion documented in Reticulitermes. The occurrence of AQS based on different mechanisms of ploidy restoration raises the hypothesis of an independent evolutionary origin of this unique reproductive strategy in individual lineages of lower and higher termites.
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- haplotypy MeSH
- hmyzí proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Isoptera genetika fyziologie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- partenogeneze * MeSH
- respirační komplex IV genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cílem práce byl rozbor souboru pacientů s diagnózou kožního melanomu, u nichž byla následně diagnostikována nová primární malignita. Soubor vychází z evidence onkologických hlášení Národního onkologického registru České republiky v letech 1991-2000. Analýza byla zaměřena na pohlaví, věk v době diagnózy maligního melanomu, jeho lokalizaci a histopatologickou klasifikaci a dobu od diagnózy kožního melanomu k diagnóze další malignity. Dále bylo analyzováno zastoupení jednotlivých typů následných malignit a výskyt malignit vícečetných. Nejčastěji diagnostikované duplicity byly kožní nádory v 52 %, z nekožních malignit byly nejčastěji detekovány kolorektální karcinom (8 %), karcinom prsu (6 %), prostaty (5 %), ledviny (4 %) a plic (3,5 %).
The aim of the study was to analyse the group of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma in whom the new primary tumour was diagnosed successively. The source of patient group was database of oncological reports of The National Oncological Register of the Czech Republic in the years 1991 –2000. The analysis focussed on the sex, age in the time of melanoma diagnosis, melanoma localization and histopathological classification and the interval between melanoma and second tumour diagnosis. Further, the ratio of the second malignity type and occurrence of multiple malignancies was analysed. The most frequently diagnosed duplicities were the skin tumours (52%), from non-skin malignancies the colorectal, breast, prostate, renal and lung carcinoma were diagnosed in 8%, 6%, 4% and 3.5% of cases respectively.
Changes in the abundance of bacteria and fungi and in the composition of bacterial communities during primary succession were investigated in a brown coal mine deposit area near Sokolov, the Czech Republic, using phospholipid fatty acids analysis, microarray and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study considered a chronosequence of sites undergoing spontaneous succession: 6-, 12-, 21- and 45-year-old and a 21-year-old site revegetated with Alnus glutinosa. During succession, organic carbon and the total nitrogen content increased while the pH and the C/N ratio decreased. Microbial biomass and bacterial diversity increased until 21 years and decreased later; bacteria dominated over fungi in the initial and late phases of succession. Bacterial community composition of the 6-year-old site with no vegetation cover largely differed from the older sites, especially by a higher content of Gammaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and some Alphaproteobacteria. Bacteria belonging to the genera Acidithiobacillus, Thiobacillus and related taxa, the CO(2) and N(2) fixers, dominated the community at this site. In the later phases, bacterial community development seemed to reflect more the changes in soil nutrient content and pH than vegetation with a decrease of Actinobacteria and an increase of Acidobacteria. The site revegetated with A. glutinosa resembled the 45-year-old primary succession site and exhibited an even lower pH and C/N ratio, indicating that recultivation is able to accelerate soil development.
- MeSH
- Acidobacteria MeSH
- Actinobacteria genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- Alphaproteobacteria genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza MeSH
- dusík analýza metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- geny rRNA MeSH
- houby genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sinice genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- těžba uhlí MeSH
- uhlí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Úvod: Primární hyperparatyreóza je třetí nejčastější endokrinní onemocnění, které je způsobeno nadprodukcí parathormonu hyperfunkčním příštítným tělískem či tělísky. Chirurgické odstranění hyperfunkčních příštítných tělísek je definitivní léčbou primární hyperparatyreózy první volby. Literárně nejčastěji popisovaným přístupem byla bilaterální explorace krku. Vzhledem k rozvoji zobrazovacích lokalizačních vyšetření je stále častěji přistupováno k cílené paratyreoidektomii. Mnozí autoři uvádějí jako nezbytnou součást cílené paratyreoidektomie použití intraoperačního měření hladiny parathormonu (ioPTH) k intraoperačnímu potvrzení úplného odstranění veškeré hyperfunkční tkáně příštítných tělísek. Intraoperačně je úspěch operace hodnocen nejčastěji dle Miamských kritérií se senzitivitou 97 %. Cíl: Cílem práce je v našem souboru vytvořeném v letech 2020–2023 retrospektivně analyzovat peroperačně naměřené hladiny parathormonu. Seznámit se s dynamikou hladin parathormonu během paratyreoidektomie a analyzovat, s jakou senzitivitou je možné predikovat definitivní úspěch paratyreoidektomie pro primární hyperparatyreózu dle peroperačního poklesu hladiny parathormonu. Metodika a popis souboru: Analyzovaný soubor zahrnuje 75 pacientů. Data, kterými jsme disponovali pro tuto retrospektivní analýzu, jsou předoperační hladina parathormonu, peroperačně naměřené hladiny parathormonu v 5., 10. a 15. min. a hladina parathormonu v třetím pooperačním dni. Hodnotili jsme peroperační pokles parathormonu dle kritérií, která jsme stanovili na principu Miamských kritérií a jejich modifikací. Vyhodnocovali jsme, s jakou senzitivitou, specificitou a přesností daná kritéria predikují definitivní úspěch operace. Výsledky: K analýze dat jsme stanovili šest kritérií pro měření peroperačního poklesu parathormonu. Výsledné kritérium má senzitivitu 98 %. Závěr: Retrospektivní analýza dat je přínosná pro porozumění peroperační dynamice hladiny parathormonu a ke kvalifikovanému nastavení kritérií pro predikci úspěchu operace intraoperačně.
Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common endocrine disorder, which is caused by overproduction of parathyroid hormone by hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. Surgical removal of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands is the definitive first-line treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. Bilateral neck exploration has been the most frequently described approach in the literature. Due to the development of localization imaging, targeted parathyroidectomy is increasingly being approached. Many authors report the use of intraoperative measurement of parathyroid hormone levels (ioPTH) as an essential component of targeted parathyroidectomy to confirm intraoperative complete removal of all hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. Intraoperatively, the success of surgery is most often assessed according to the Miami criteria with a sensitivity of 97%. Aim: The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the perioperatively measured parathyroid hormone levels in our cohort formed between 2020 and 2023. To learn about the dynamics of parathyroid hormone levels during parathyroidectomy and to analyze with what sensitivity the definitive success of parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism can be predicted according to the perioperative decrease in parathyroid hormone levels. Methodology and description of the cohort: The analyzed cohort includes 75 patients. The data available for this retrospective analysis are preoperative parathyroid hormone levels, perioperatively measured parathyroid hormone levels at 5th, 10th, and 15th minutes, and parathyroid hormone levels on the third postoperative day. We evaluated the perioperative decrease in parathyroid hormone according to the Miam criteria and their modifications. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with which the criteria predicted the definitive success of the operation. Results: To analyze the data, we established six criteria for measuring perioperative parathyroid hormone. The resulting criterion has a sensitivity of 98%. Conclusion: Retrospective data analysis is useful for understanding the peroperative perioperative dynamics of parathyroid hormone levels and for the informed setting of criteria to predict intraoperative surgical success.
Autori referujú o 11 (3,47 %) pacientoch vo veku 8 - 79 rokov (priemer 63,5 roka) so zvláštnym alebo zriedkavým typom primárneho tumoru prostaty, ktorých liečili v rokoch 1987 - 1996. Zriedkavé karcinómy sa u 9 pacientov vyskytli v zmiešanej forme s obyčajným adenokarcinómom prostaty. U 4 pacientov išlo o karcinóm z veľkých (primárnych) duktov prostaty, 5 pacienti mali urotelový karcinóm (1 v čistej forme), 1 pacient mal malobunkový karcinóm a 1 pacient mal čistý rhabdomyosarkóm prostaty. 4 pacienti s incidentálnym adenokarcinómom z primárnych duktov prostaty prežívajú pri hormonálnej liečbe 3-73 mesiacov (priemer 49,8 mesiaca). Ostatni pacienti s pokročilým ochorením v čase stanovenia diagnózy napriek kombinovanej hormonálnej liečbe zomreli za obdobie 1 - 43 mesiacov (priemer 14,7 mesiaca). Hormonálna liečba u pacientov so zvláštnym typom karcinómu nebola úspešná. Metastázy do mozgu u dvoch pacientov s urotelovým karcinómom boli liečené operačne a rádioterapiou s parciálnou remisiou. V diskusii sa rozoberajú laboratórne, klinické a patomorfologické nálezy s možnými závermi pre liečbu.
The authors report 11 (3,47%) patients in the 8-to-79 age-bracket (average age 63,5) treated for an unusual or rare type of phmary prostate tumor during the years 1987 -1996. In 9 patients the rare carcinomas appeared in a mixed form with a regular adenocarcinoma of the prostate. There was a carcinoma arising from large (primary) prostate ducts diagnosed in 4 patients, urotelial carcinoma in 5 patients (1 of them in a pure form), a small-cell carcinoma in 1 patient and a pure rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in another 1 patient. 4 patients suffering an incidental adenocarcinoma coming out of the primary ducts have been surviving on hormonal therapy for 3 up to 73 months (49,8 months in average). The rest of the patients with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis died within 1 - 43 months in spite of combined hormonal therapy. The hormonal therapy was not successful in treating patients with rare types of prostate cancer. Surgery and radiotherapy were employed to treat brain metastases in two patients, achieving partial remission. In the discussion the authors analyse the laboratory, clinical and pathomorphological findings and look for possible deductions for the treatment.
Úvod: Metastáza (MTS) do lymfatických uzlín (LU) na krku pri neznámom primárnom tumore sa diagnostikuje u 5 % pacientov s malígnym nádorom hlavy a krku. V manažmente pacientov s MTS do LU na krku je vždy potrebné komplexné pátranie po okultnom nádore. Detekcia origa umožňuje cielenú špecifickú liečbu, čo výrazne zlepšuje prognózu choroby. Materiál a metodika: Retrospektívna analýza pacientov, ktorí boli hospitalizovaní na Klinike otorinolaryngológie a chirurgie hlavy a krku UK JLF a UNM v Martine od januára 2012 do septembra 2017 pre MTS do LU krku pri neznámom primárnom tumore. Zamerali sme sa na diagnostický postup a úspešnosť detekcie primárneho tumoru. Výsledky: V súbore bolo 40 pacientov, priemerný vek 59,4 ± 1,5 rokov (35-78 rokov). CT vyšetrenie aj panendoskopické vyšetrenie v celkovej anestézii sa vykonalo u všetkých pacientov. Ipsilaterálna tonzilektómia (TE) sa realizovala u 34 (80 %). U zvyšných 6 sa TE neindikovala - u 2 sa zistilo origo pri panendoskopickom vyšetrení a u 4 bola vykonaná TE v minulosti. Odber slepých vzoriek z nosohltana, koreňa jazyka a piriformného recesu na histopatologické vyšetrenie sa vykonalo u 38 pacientov (95 %). PET/CT vyšetrenie sa indikovalo u 12 pacientov (30 %). Primárny nádor sa nezobrazil ani u jedného z nich. Po realizovaných vyšetreniach sa origo diagnostikovalo u 21 (52,5 %). U 16 (40 %) sa primárny nádor našiel v hornom aerodigestívom trakte, u 5 (12,5 %) sa primárny nádor nachádzal mimo ORL oblasť. U 19 (47,5 %) sa nepodarilo origo identifikovať. Záver: Aj napriek využitiu dostupných zobrazovacích a endoskopických metód nie je možné primárny tumor vždy identifikovať.
Introduction: Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) in head and neck region is diagnosed in 5% of patients with malignant tumour of head and neck. In the management of patients with CUP, complex investigation to diagnose the occult tumour is always necessary. Detection of origin allows targeted specific treatment that significantly improves the prognosis of the disease. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of patients treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of the UK JLF and UNM in Martin between January 2012 until September 2017 for CUP in head and neck region. Diagnostic procedure and success of primary tumour detection were evaluated. Results: In study group, there were 40 patients with average age 59.4 ± 1.5 years (35-78 years). CT scan and panendoscopic examination in general anaesthesia were performed in all patients. Ipsilateral tonsillectomy (TE) was performed in 34 patients (80%). For the remaining 6 patients, TE was not indicated - 2 found originally in the panendoscopic examination and in 4 TE was performed in the past. Blinded samples from the nasopharynx, the base of the tongue and the pyriform recess were taken in 38 patients (95%). PET/CT screening was indicated in 12 patients (30%). The primary tumour did not detect the primary tumour in any of them. Primary tumour was diagnosed in 21 cases (52.5%). In 16 patients (40%), the primary tumour was found in the upper aerodigestive tract, in 5 patients (12.5%) the primary tumour was located outside the ENT region. The primary tumour was not identified in 19 cases (47.5%). Conclusion: Despite the modern imaging and endoscopic methods, the primary tumour cannot always be identified.
- Klíčová slova
- panendoskopie, retrospektivní analýza,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endoskopie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- metastázy nádorů * patologie MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku MeSH
- nádory neznámé primární lokalizace * diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- PET/CT MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH