Background: The present study proposes to investigate the benefits of a Therapeutic Approach based on Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) in the face of depression, anxiety, stress and psychological flexibility experienced by women with breast cancer. Methods: This research was conducted using a pre-test and post-test design with 40 breast cancer patients, allocated randomly to the intervention group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20) through convenience sampling. Unlike the control group, the intervention group benefited from 6 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II. Descriptive analyses (number, percentage, mean and standard deviation), Pearson correlations and analyses of covariance (ANCOVA and MANCOVA) were applied to measure the contribution of this psychotherapeutic approach. Results: The intervention group recorded a significant decrease in levels of depression, anxiety and stress (p < 0.05), and also showed a significant overall increase in levels of acceptance and psychological flexibility after this therapy (p < 0.05), compared with the control group. Conclusion: The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy approach provides real support for women with breast cancer, reducing manifestations of depression and anxiety, and promoting psychological acceptance and flexibility.

• MeSH
• deprese prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu psychologie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychický stres etiologie   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• psychoterapie MeSH
• terapie přijetí a odevzdání * metody   MeSH
• úzkost psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Czech adaptation of the Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes (CompACT) questionnaire, which assesses three psychological flexibility processes consistent with the ACT Triflex. Participants. The data was collected from 299 participants (209 females, 87 males, and 3 other/did not specify) aged 18 to 70 years (M = 29.27, SD = 10.51). Statistical analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a robust maximum likelihood estimation method was used to assess factor validity. Furthermore, the authors used structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess convergent, concurrent, and incremental validity. Finally, the authors used McDonald’s omega for the assessment of internal consistency. Results. The CFA showed that the original 23-item model did not fit the data well. Through a series of confirmatory factor analyses and modification indices, the authors found an alternative 17-item model. However, the model did not fit with the data acceptably. Moderate to high correlations (-.81 to -.54) between the latent factors of the 17-item CompACT and the Action and Acceptance Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) indicate good convergent validity. Low to moderate correlations (-.64 to -.33) between the latent factors of the 17-item CompACT and a shorter version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) indicate acceptable concurrent validity. Partial regression coefficients of the CompACT latent factors were not alongside the AAQ-II questionnaire significant predictors of distress outcomes. Of the CompACT latent factors, only the Valued Actions subscale was a significant predictor of subjective well-being, indicating the poor incremental validity of CompACT over the AAQ-II. The questionnaire had good internal consistency, with McDonald’s omega ranging from .75 to .85.

Cognitive flexibility (CF) is the ability to adapt cognitive strategies according to the changing environment. The deficit in CF has often been linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. However, the operationalization and assessment of CF have not been unified and the current research suggests that the available instruments measure different aspects of CF. The main objective of the present study was to compare three frequently used neuropsychological measures of CF-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) in a population of patients (N = 220) with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders in order to evaluate their convergent validity. The hypothesis of an underlying latent construct was tested via a confirmatory factor analysis. We used a one-factor CF model with scores from WCST, SCWT and TMT as observed variables. The established model showed a good fit to the data (χ2 = 1.67, p = 0.43, SRMR = 0.02, RMSEA = 0.0, CFI = 1.00). The highest factor loading was found in WCST as CF explained most of the variance in this neuropsychological measure compared to the other instruments. On the other hand, a TMT ratio index and a SCWT interference demonstrated lowest loadings in the model. The findings suggest that not all the frequently used measures share an underlying factor of CF or may capture different aspects of this construct.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exekutivní funkce * fyziologie   MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * etiologie   diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní flexibilita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy * normy   MeSH
• psychometrie MeSH
• schizofrenie (psychologie) * MeSH
• schizofrenie * komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Despite cognitive inflexibility is trait like in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and underlies clinical symptomatology, it is elusive at what stage of information processing deficits, leading to cognitive inflexibility, emerges. We hypothesize that inhibitory control mechanisms during early stimulus categorization and integration into a knowledge system underlie these deficits. METHODS: We examined N = 25 adolescent OCD patients and matched healthy controls (HC) in a paradigm manipulating the importance of the knowledge system to perform task switching. This was done using a paradigm in which task switches were signaled either by visual stimuli or by working memory processes. This was combined with event-related potential recordings and source localization. RESULTS: Obsessive compulsive disorder patients showed increased switch costs in the memory as compared with the cue-based block, while HC showed similar switch costs in both blocks. At the neurophysiological level, these changes in OCD were not reflected by the N2 and P3 reflecting response-associated processes but by the P1 reflecting inhibitory control during sensory categorization processes. Activation differences in the right inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus are associated with the P1 effect. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive flexibility in adolescent OCD patients is strongly modulated by working memory load. Contrary to common sense, not response-associated processes, but inhibitory control mechanisms during early stimulus categorization processes are likely to underlie cognitive inflexibility in OCD. These processes are associated with right inferior frontal and superior temporal gyrus mechanisms.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• exekutivní funkce fyziologie   MeSH
• inhibice (psychologie) * MeSH
• krátkodobá paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mozková kůra patofyziologie   MeSH
• obsedantně kompulzivní porucha patofyziologie   MeSH
• vytváření pojmu fyziologie   MeSH
• zraková percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Příspěvek poskytuje přehled základních přístupů k pracovní smysluplnosti a pracovní angažovanosti, na jejichž základě představuje autory vytvořený model pracovní smysluplnosti s přesahem na pracovní angažovanost. V něm není smysluplnost práce jednodimenzionální proměnná, ale je tvořena komplexem vlivů a procesů, které ve vzájemné interakci definují pro jedince aktuálně vnímaný smysl a význam práce. Smysluplnost práce je významně ovlivněna třemi oblastmi. První je organizační kultura organizace, ve které jedinec působí. Ta je definována jako specifický vzorec hodnot, norem, přesvědčení, postojů a předpokladů, které nejsou často jasně vyjádřené, ale ovlivňují způsob, jakým se jedinci v organizaci chovají a jak se věci dělají. Druhou oblastí je samotný design práce (šířeji pak design organizace). Ten obsahuje několik proměnných, jako např. míra pracovní zátěže, rozsah práce (množství činností, které jedinec vykonává), hloubka práce (míra uvažování ohledně potřebných procesů a výsledků práce), pracovní vztahy s ostatními, flexibilita práce, sdílení práce atd. Poslední oblastí představuje jedinec/pracovník sám, konkrétně pak např. jeho osobnost, inteligence (včetně emoční), optimismus, sense of mastery, self-efficacy, postoje atd.

There is a significant shift of approach to the management of organizations and workers in recent decades. This shift in management philosophy is characterized by converting from traditional, conventional (rather bureaucratic) management models to rather humanistic/existential oriented models. This transition comes partly from the understanding that human resources are the most promising and effective way for organization development, partly from a shift in the understanding of the role of organizations in society. The key point of these approaches has become a "meaning" or "meaningfulness" in relation to the work and organization. The importance of work meaningfulness is not only in its potential to increase the competitiveness of organizations, but especially in its major (mostly positive) impacts on the employee himself and his work (and by that the organization and its performance). Work meaningfulness is strongly connected to the work engagement, which represents the active personal participation in the work process, manifested by vigor, active cooperation, willingness to contribute to the company's success and dedication to work. Work engagement seems to be next important factor affecting work attitudes and achievements of employees. The paper gives an overview of various approaches to work meaningfulness and work engagement, on the basis of which authors propose new model of work meaningfulness with overlap to work engagement. The work meaningfulness is not seen as one-dimensional variable, but consists of complex of interacting factors and processes that define an individual perceived meaning and importance of the work. Meaningful work is influenced by three areas. The first is the organizational culture. This is defined as a specific pattern of values, norms, beliefs, attitudes and assumptions that are often not clearly expressed, but affect the way individuals behave in an organization and how things are done. The second area is the work design (and broadly the design of organization). It contains several variables, such as workload, work extent (e.g. number of various activities), the depth of work (the amount of the reasoning behind the necessary processes and results of work), relationships with others, work flexibility, job sharing etc. The last area represents the individual/employee himself, e.g. his personality, intelligence (including emotional), optimism, sense of mastery, self-efficacy, attitudes etc.

• Klíčová slova
• smysluplnost práce, angažovanost práce,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• personální management MeSH
• práce psychologie   MeSH
• psychologické modely MeSH
• psychologie práce MeSH
• zaměstnání MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Východisko: Určitá míra fyzické a psychické kondice je nezbytná pro kvalitní život u všech jedinců po transplantaci ledviny. Cíl: Posoudit aktuální stav fyzické a psychické kondice v časné fázi po transplantaci ledviny a porovnat s populační normou. Metodika: Soubor sestával z 67 pacientů v průměru 71,5 dní po transplantaci ledviny (muži - N = 39; průměrný věk = 54,4 ± 12,1 let; Ženy - N = 28; průměrný věk = 55,6 ± 10,3 let). Fyzická kondice byla hodnocena motorickými testy „Senior Fitness Test Manuál" a psychická kondice byla hodnocena dotazníkem kvality života - KDQOL-SF TM. Výsledky: Fyzická kondice byla s výjimkou skupiny žen ve věku do 64 let snížená pod hodnoty normy či na její spodní hranici, zejména v těch testech, které ke svému provedení vyžadovaly určitou úroveň svalové síly dolních končetin a fyzickou výkonnost. V testech hodnotících svalovou sílu horních končetin, flexibilitu ramenních a kyčelních kloubů byly výkony v pásmu normy a nad normou. Kvalita života hodnocená generickou částí KDQOL-SF™ - SF36 se shodovala s normou ve třech doménách - BP „tělesná bolest", EF .energie, únava/vitalita" a EWB „emoční pohoda"; u všech ostatních dimenzí zůstala pod normou. Ve věkové kategorii „40-59 let" byly ' '' " aimenzi RP „omezeni pro fyzické problémy a SF „společenské fungovaní , kde výrazné nižší kvalitu života pociťují sledovaní pacienti. Podle specifické části dotazníku KDQOL-SF™ dosáhla kvalita života ve všech hodnocených oblastech hodnot americké normy; ve většině tuto normu přesáhla. Závěry: Nárůst fyzické zdatnosti a pracovní kapacity je důležitý zejména v 1. roce po transplantaci ledviny a závisí na pravidelné pohybové aktivitě.

Introduction: High-quality life of renal transplant recipients requires a certain level of physical and psychological fitness. Aim: To assess the current status of physical and psychological fitness in the early post-renal transplant period and compare it wi th that of the general population. Methods: Our group of patients included 67 individuals at a mean 71.5 days post-transplant (male = 39; mean age = 54.4±12.1 years; female = 28; mean age = 55.6±10.3 years). Their physical fitness was assessed using the „Senior Fitness Test Manual“ while the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF TM ) questionnaire was used to assess the patients psychological fitness. Results: Except for women below age 64, physical fitness was decreased below standard values, or to its lower limit, particularly in tests requiring some degree of muscular strength of the lower limbs and physical efficiency. In testing assessing muscular stre ngth of the upper limbs, and shoulder and hip joints, the values were within the standard range or above it. Quality of life, as evaluated using the generic part of the KDQOL-SF TM – SF36, was in agreement with standard in three domains – BP “bodily pain”, EF “energy, fatigue/vitality”, and EWB “mental health” while remaining below the normal in all the other dimensi ons. In the 40-59 year age group, there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in components RP „physical limitations of roles“ and SF „physical and emotional limitations of social functions“, with markedly lower quality of life reported by the study pati ents. Using the disease-specific part of the KDQOL-SF TM questionnaire, quality of life reached US standards in all the parameters studied but without exceeding them in most cases. Conclusions: An increase in physical fitness and work capacity is most important particularly in the first post-transplant year and is associated with regular physical activity.

• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kvalita života psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• transplantace ledvin MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: The abuse of psychoactive prescription drugs has become increasingly common in the Czech Republic. These drugs include sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics (benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics), and opioids. Patients with an addiction to these prescription drugs exhibit symptoms associated with long-term use, particularly psychological and somatic problems, sleep disturbances, impaired cognitive functioning, and irritability. There is a need for a flexible response to their needs. AIMS: The aim of the research is to describe selected psychological symptoms and the quality of life of psychoactive drug abusers in addiction treatment. The main outputs of the research will include an overview study and the results of a data analysis. METHODS: Data collection will be carried out in three waves using a questionnaire survey consisting of standardised questionnaires. It will be conducted at the patient’s admission to the addiction treatment clinic, and, while in treatment, three and six months after the first survey. The research will also include a study of supporting documentation. The questionnaires will be evaluated according to the procedure manual for each standardised questionnaire. The qualitative data analysis will use a combination of a descriptive approach and selected qualitative data analysis techniques (pattern capture method, compare & contrast method). For the quantitative data analysis, exploratory analysis procedures will be used in combination with a descriptive approach. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of psychoactive prescription drug abuse continues to rise. Although much research on this topic has been conducted in recent years, we lack studies focusing specifically on the effective treatment of people addicted to psychoactive prescription drugs. The results of this study will provide information on selected psychological manifestations and the quality of life of psychoactive drug abusers in addiction treatment. The data on the relationships between types of substances used, patterns of use, the treatment phase, selected psychological symptoms, and the quality of life may also be of value.

• MeSH
• psychologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Psychologie
• NLK Obory
• psychologie, klinická psychologie

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka MeSH
• kyčelní kloub MeSH
• ošetřovatelské modely MeSH
• role nemocného MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů MeSH

Cílem výzkumu bylo zmapovat implicitní teorie tvořivosti matematiků a psychologů. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo 93 studentů psychologie a 80 studentů aplikované matematiky a informatiky Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci, kteří měli za úkol popsat typické mentální aktivity a projevy chování vysoce kreativních matematiků a psychologů. Na základě jejich odpovědí byl vytvořen seznam charakteristických rysů těchto odborníků. Ukázalo se, že implicitní teorie tvořivých matematiků zahrnují dobrou úroveň logického a analytického myšlení, vysokou přirozenou inteligenci, přesnost, pružnost, roztržitost a specifický vztah ke světu, jehož součástí je odtrženost od reality, uzavřenost, slabší komunikační dovednosti a pocit nadřazenosti vůči nematematikům. Hlavními složkami implicitní teorie tvořivého psychologa jsou pozitivní vztah k lidem, zejména ke klientům, schopnost vytvářet nové terapeutické postupy, publikovat a provádět výzkumy. K dalším typickým rysům patří otevřenost novým zkušenostem, vytrvalost, nekonformnost, flexibilita a široký rozhled, a to nejen v oblasti psychologie, ale také ve sféře kultury a umění. Mentální procesy a projevy chování, připisované tvořivým specialistům, zřejmě úzce souvisejí s jejich vědním oborem.

The study was aimed to chart the implicit theories of creativity of mathematicians and psychologists. The research sample consisted of 93 psychology students and 80 applied mathematics and informatics students at Palacký University in Olomouc who were asked to describe typical mental activities and behaviors of highly creative mathematicians and psychologists. From the contents of their replies, a list of these experts’ characteristic features was created. It was found out that the implicit theories of creative mathematicians included a good level of logical and analytical thinking, high natural intelligence, exactness, flexibility, absentmindedness, and specific relation to the world to which belonged insulation from reality, closeness, poor communication skills, and sense of superiority toward non-mathematicians. The major components of the creative psychologist’s implicit theory are positive relationships to people, especially clients, the ability to produce new therapeutic procedures, to publish, and to carry out research. Other typical features are openness to new experience, persistence, nonconformity, flexibility, and broad horizons not only in the field of psychology but also in the area of culture and arts. Mental processes and behaviors ascribed to creative specialists appear to be closely related to the respective domain of science.

• MeSH
• kreativita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logika MeSH
• matematika * pracovní síly   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• myšlení MeSH
• osobnost MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychologická teorie MeSH
• psychologie * pracovní síly   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• studenti * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• univerzity MeSH
• věda * pracovní síly   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH