OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: The 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely-used screening measure for postnatal depression. Factor analysis studies have suggested an embedded sub-scale could be used for screening for anxiety disorders. The current investigation sought to replicate and extend a recent study supporting this assertion. METHODS: A cross-sectional design. EPDS data were collected at up to two years postpartum. Confirmatory factor analysis, correlational and distributional characteristics of the measure were examined. Participants were a large sample (N = 985) of postpartum women in the Czech Republic. RESULTS: Factor structure findings substantially replicated the models evaluated by Della Vedova et al. (2022). Bifactor models, however, offered a better fit to data. A general factor of depression explained most of the variance in data in most models compared to embedded sub-scales across models. CONCLUSION: The model proposed by Della Vedova et al. (2022) offered an excellent fit to data. However, the findings from the bifactor modelling suggest the dominance of a general factor of depression which indicates the potential application of an embedded anxiety sub-scale for screening may be overstated.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Depression, Postpartum * diagnosis   psychology   MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Psychiatric Status Rating Scales * standards   MeSH
• Psychometrics MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for persons with dementia (PwD) have yielded mixed results, possibly attributable to the fact that little is known about the validity and reliability of trait mindfulness self-report measures in PwD. This narrative review sought to identify studies involving self-reported trait mindfulness and other clinical measures that may hold information on the convergent validity and reliability of these measures in PwD. METHODS: Scientific databases were searched for studies involving PwD and mindfulness assessments. RESULTS: N = 426 studies from PubMed and N = 156 from PsychInfo databases were reviewed. Four cross-sectional studies were identified that allowed inferences about the validity of mindfulness measures. A qualitative review indicated that convergent validity with other measures varied with sample heterogeneity and cognitive impairment. Merely one MBI included self-reported trait mindfulness, however without reporting sample-specific validity or reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Despite efforts to implement MBIs in PwD, information on basic methodological psychometric issues is minimal. Future studies ought to address the validity and reliability of self-reported mindfulness in detail across different stages of dementia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results of MBIs need to be considered cautiously. Basic information about psychometric properties of mindfulness self-report measures is required and these measures need to be included systematically in MBIs.

• MeSH
• Dementia * psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Psychometrics methods   MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Mindfulness * methods   MeSH
• Self Report * standards   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Model and the various psychometric instruments developed and validated based on this model are well established in clinical and research settings. However, evidence regarding the psychometric validity, reliability, and equivalence across multiple countries of residence, languages, or gender identities, including gender-diverse individuals, is lacking to date. Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243), confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance analyses were performed on the preestablished five-factor structure of the 20-item short version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale to examine whether (a) psychometric validity and reliability and (b) psychometric equivalence hold across 34 country-of-residence-related, 22 language-related, and three gender-identity-related groups. The results of the present study extend the latter psychometric instrument's well-established relevance to 26 countries, 13 languages, and three gender identities. Most notably, psychometric validity and reliability were evidenced across nine novel translations included in the present study (i.e., Croatian, English, German, Hebrew, Korean, Macedonian, Polish, Portuguese-Portugal, and Spanish-Latin American) and psychometric equivalence was evidenced across all three gender identities included in the present study (i.e., women, men, and gender-diverse individuals).

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
• Gender Identity * MeSH
• Impulsive Behavior * MeSH
• Language MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Psychometrics MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Cross-Cultural Comparison MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH

Cognitive flexibility (CF) is the ability to adapt cognitive strategies according to the changing environment. The deficit in CF has often been linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. However, the operationalization and assessment of CF have not been unified and the current research suggests that the available instruments measure different aspects of CF. The main objective of the present study was to compare three frequently used neuropsychological measures of CF-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) in a population of patients (N = 220) with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders in order to evaluate their convergent validity. The hypothesis of an underlying latent construct was tested via a confirmatory factor analysis. We used a one-factor CF model with scores from WCST, SCWT and TMT as observed variables. The established model showed a good fit to the data (χ2 = 1.67, p = 0.43, SRMR = 0.02, RMSEA = 0.0, CFI = 1.00). The highest factor loading was found in WCST as CF explained most of the variance in this neuropsychological measure compared to the other instruments. On the other hand, a TMT ratio index and a SCWT interference demonstrated lowest loadings in the model. The findings suggest that not all the frequently used measures share an underlying factor of CF or may capture different aspects of this construct.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Executive Function * physiology   MeSH
• Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction * etiology   diagnosis   physiopathology   MeSH
• Cognitive Flexibility MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests * standards   MeSH
• Psychometrics MeSH
• Schizophrenic Psychology * MeSH
• Schizophrenia * complications   physiopathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Introduction: The ability to self-care is considered essential in heart failure management. One of the valid and reliable instruments that allow the measurement of heart failure self-care behaviour is the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS-9). Objective: To adapt and assess psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the EHFScBS-9. Methods: In this descriptive validation study, 122 Slovak heart failure patients completed the EHFScBS-9, the Cardiac Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CSEQ), and Personal Well-being Index (PWI). Item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess reliability. Results: The results of CFA confirmed a good fit of the two- respectively three-factor structure of the Slovak EHFScBS-9. Convergent validity was confirmed by positive correlation between the Slovak EHFScBS-9 and the CSEQ. Discriminant validity was supported by poor correlation between EHFScBS-9 and PWI. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total EHFScBS-9 instrument of Slovak version was 0.77. Conclusion: The Slovak version of the EHFScBS-9 instrument is valid and reliable to measure self-care behaviour in heart failure patients.

• MeSH
• Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Self Care methods   psychology   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Psychometrics * methods   MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Heart Failure * psychology   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

Motivations for pornography use may vary across gender identities, sexual orientations, and geographical regions, warranting examination to promote individual and public health. The aims of this study were to validate the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) in a diverse, multicultural sample, and develop a short form (PUMS-8) that can assess a wide range of pornography use motivations. Using data from 42 countries (N = 75,117; Mage = 32.07; SDage = 12.37), enabled us to thoroughly evaluate the dimensionality, validity, and reliability of the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS), leading to the development of the more concise PUMS-8 short scale. Additionally, language-, nationality-, gender-, and sexual-orientation-based measurement invariance tests were conducted to test the comparability across groups. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 assess eight pornography use motivations, and both demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. Sexual Pleasure emerged as the most frequent motivation for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations, while differences were observed concerning other motivations (e.g. self-exploration was more prevalent among gender-diverse individuals than men or women). The motivational background of pornography use showed high similarity in the examined countries. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 are reliable and valid measurement tools to assess different types of motivations for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations. Both scales are recommended for use in research and clinical settings.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Erotica * psychology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Motivation * MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires standards   MeSH
• Psychometrics * instrumentation   standards   MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Sexual Behavior * psychology   ethnology   MeSH
• Cross-Cultural Comparison MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH

Aim: The study aimed to investigate the level of postpartum anxiety in the research sample of women after childbirth and factors related to increased level of postpartum anxiety. The goal was also to establish the basic psychometric properties of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS-SK) in the Slovak language, and explore selected sociodemographic, perinatal, and anamnestic factors related to increased level of postpartum anxiety in a Slovak research sample. Design: Quantitative cross-sectional research study. Methods: The study involved 122 postpartum women (four-eight weeks postpartum, age 29.5; ± 4.8; 19-42). Data were collected using the standardized PSAS-SK questionnaire alongside sociodemographic and anamnestic data. Statistical analyses included nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the results. Results: Clinically significant levels of postpartum anxiety occurred in 25% of research participants. We found a significant relationship between perception of childbirth as traumatic and increased levels of postpartum anxiety. However, no significant relationship was confirmed between level of postpartum anxiety and education parity, type of childbirth, complications during pregnancy, perinatal loss, skin-to-skin contact, or health complications in the child. The PSAS-SK had high internal consistency in a Slovak research sample (Cronbach's alpha 0.96). Results of the CFA focusing on confirmation of the four-factor structure of the PSAS-SK indicated the following results: χ2(df = 405) = 2188.0, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.07, RMSEA = 0.008. Conclusion: The Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale is a valuable tool for the early detection of postpartum anxiety symptoms and for supporting interventions to manage heightened anxiety during the postpartum period, including recommendation of specialized mental health care when appropriate.

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), particularly in the context of polypharmacy, remain a persistent, unresolved problem for patients and healthcare professionals. The ADRe Profile identifies medicine-related harms, and supports their resolution, thereby improving care quality and preventing future problems. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the ADRe Profile (https://www.swansea.ac.uk/adre/) in U.K. primary care general practices, building on assessments in other settings. Methods: The ADRe Profile's validity and reliability were investigated using complementary mixed methods: content validity index, contrast group construct validity, cognitive interviewing, and inter-rater reliability. Results: Cognitive interviews (n = 5) confirmed that the ADRe Profile needed only minor adjustments. The scale-level content validity index was 0.67 (n = 14), items ranging from 0.08 to 1. Significant differences in signs and symptoms associated with ADRs between service users taking different numbers of regular prescribed medicines confirmed construct validity (n = 68, U = 870.50, p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability testing showed substantial agreement between service users and research nurse: 10 items had 100% agreement. Overall kappa mean was 0.71 (range: 0.31-1), (n = 42). Conclusions and Relevance: The ADRe Profile is suitable for use with older service users in primary care who live at home. Users understood the questions and provided meaningful answers. ADRe Profile responses were sufficiently reliable to be used as a basis for further investigations, prescriber referral and clinical actions. However, clinician judgement of content validity may depend on knowledge and experience, highlighting the importance of training. Clinicians acknowledged that the ADRe Profile was comprehensive but identified practical difficulties. Instruments to reduce ADRs should be validated before testing in feasibility studies and randomised controlled trials. Implications for Nursing Management: Managers need to optimise patient safety by introducing patient-centred symptom monitoring, with decision support. Before instruments are adopted, managers should check the reliability and validity data. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04663360.

• MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions * prevention & control   MeSH
• Polypharmacy MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Psychometrics * instrumentation   methods   standards   MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• United Kingdom MeSH

Moral injury is defined as a deep sense of transgression, including feelings of shame, grief, meaninglessness, and remorse from having violated core moral beliefs. This study aimed to adapt the Moral Injury Symptom Scale-Healthcare Professionals (MISS-HP) for measure this concept in the Czech Republic and explore its psychometric properties. Sample of healthcare providers (N = 694) completed the MISS-HP questionnaires, the Shirom Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) and the Professional Quality of Life scale (PROQoL). Cronbach ́s alpha of MISS-HP was found to be 0.62; exploratory factor analysis returned 4 factors. Correlations with SMBM and PROQoL were moderate (from 0.31-0.46), which confirmed the construct validity of MISS-HP. ROC curve analysis identified the optimal cut-off score at 42 points with 75% sensitivity and 69% specificity. Female gender, younger age and atheism were related to higher symptoms of moral injury. Czech MISS-HP was found to be a valid and reliable measure of moral injury.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Morals * MeSH
• Burnout, Professional * psychology   diagnosis   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Psychometrics * methods   MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Health Personnel * psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a key non-motor complication during the disease course. OBJECTIVES: A review of detailed cognitive instruments to detect mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) or dementia (PDD) is needed to establish optimal tests that facilitate diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review of tests that assess memory, language including premorbid intelligence, and visuospatial domains (for tests of attention and executive functions see accompanying review) to determine suitability to assess cognition in PD. Based on in-depth scrutiny of psychometric and other relevant clinimetric properties, tests were rated as "recommended," "recommended with caveats," "suggested," or "listed" by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (IPMDS) panel of experts according to the IPMDS Clinical Outcome Assessment Scientific Evaluation Committee guidelines. RESULTS: We included 39 tests encompassing 48 outcome measures. Seven tests (different versions or subtests of the test counted once) were recommended, including four for memory, one for visuospatial domains, one for language (including three measures), and one for estimated premorbid intelligence. Furthermore, 10 tests (12 measures) were "recommended with caveats," 11 were "suggested," and 11 (15 measures) were "listed." CONCLUSIONS: Recommended neuropsychological tests in memory, visuospatial functions, and language are proposed to guide the assessment of cognitive impairment and its progression in PD-MCI and PDD, and for use in clinical trials to stratify participants or as outcome measures. Novel measures being developed will need extensive validation research to be "recommended." © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

• MeSH
• Language * MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction * diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests * standards   MeSH
• Memory * physiology   MeSH
• Parkinson Disease * complications   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH