The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) exhibits significant variation in auricular surface morphology. This variation influences the mechanics of the SIJ, a central node for transmitting mechanical energy from upper body to lower limbs and vice versa. The impact of the auricular surface morphology on stress and deformation in the SIJ remains poorly understood to date. Computed tomography scans obtained from 281 individuals were included to extract the geometry of the pelvic ring. Then, the auricular surface area, SIJ cartilage thickness, and total SIJ cartilage volume were identified. Based on these reconstructions, 281 finite element models were created to simulate SIJ mechanical loading. It was found that SIJ cartilage thickness only weakly depended on age or laterality, while being strongly sex sensitive. Auricular surface area and SIJ cartilage volume depended weakly and non-linearly on age, peaking around menopause in females, but without significant laterality effect. Larger SIJs, characterized by greater auricular area and cartilage volume, exhibited reduced stress and deformation under loading. These findings highlight the significant role of SIJ morphology in its biomechanical response, suggesting a potential link between morphological variations and the risk of SIJ dysfunction. Understanding this relationship could improve diagnosis and targeted treatment strategies for SIJ-related conditions.

• MeSH
• analýza metodou konečných prvků MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanický stres MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie * MeSH
• sakroiliakální kloub * anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Úvod: Badmintonová zranění jsou i přes celosvětovou oblibu tohoto sportu relativně opomíjenou problematikou. Metodika vyhledávání studií: Tento přehledový článek se zaměřuje na literaturu a výzkum zranění v badmintonu a na možnosti konzervativní léčby společně s rehabilitací těchto zranění. Jedním z cílů bylo shrnout poznatky z dostupných vědeckých studií publikovaných do roku 2023. Vyhledávání relevantní literatury bylo realizováno v databázích PubMed a Web of Science pomocí anglických ekvivalentů klíčových slov: badminton, zranění, etiologie, prevence, fyzioterapie. Výsledky: Celkem bylo pro tvorbu článku nalezeno a využito 51 studií, které se zabývají rizikovými faktory badmintonových zranění, jejich konkrétním typem a incidencí (zejména incidencí a rizikovými faktory), fyziologickými nároky badmintonu a možnostmi léčby daných poranění s důrazem na sportovní fyzioterapii. Studie zabývající se specificky možnostmi rehabilitace a jiných konzervativních postupů pro hráče badmintonu nebyly nalezeny. Možnosti rehabilitace vycházejí z aktuálních poznatků vztahující se obecně zejména k akutním a chronickým zraněním ve sportu. Diskuze: Ze současné evidence se jako efektivní přístup ke zraněním z přetížení jeví progresivní zatížení prvky silového tréninku s cílem navození pozitivních adaptačních změn v postižené tkáni. Ve sportovní fyzioterapii bývá hojně užíváno např. prvků kryoterapie, která ovšem pro podporu hojení a regenerace úponových bolestí nemá dostatečnou evidenci. Zranění, která vznikají akutním nedostatkem kapacity tkáně snášet nadměrnou zátěž, by měla být léčena primárně pohybovou terapií s konkrétně nastavenými parametry. Konkrétní rehabilitační postupy pozdní fáze návratu do hry jsou podmíněny specifikami sportu, jeho biomechanikou a konkrétním typem zranění. Závěr: I když je k většině zranění v badmintonu přistoupeno konzervativní metodou léčby, neexistuje dostatečná evidence vztahující se k rehabilitaci zranění specificky u badmintonistů. Cílem léčby badmintonových zranění je snížení bolestivosti, zvýšení kapacity, zlepšení koordinace a balance. Z východisek práce vyplývají následně i možnosti prevence zranění a konzervativních léčebných postupů zranění s akcentem na sportovní fyzioterapii.

Introduction: Badminton injuries are a relatively neglected issue despite the worldwide popularity of the sport. Methodology of the study search: This review article focuses on the literature and research on badminton injuries and conservative treatment options along with rehabilitation of these injuries. One of the objectives was to summarize the findings from available scientific studies published up until 2023. The search for relevant literature was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases using the English equivalents of the keywords: badminton, injury, etiology, prevention, and physiotherapy. Results: A total of 51 studies were identified and used for the development of the article, which dealt with the risk factors of badminton injuries, their specific type and incidence (especially incidence and risk factors), the physiological demands of badminton, and treatment options for the injuries in question, with an emphasis on sports physiotherapy. Studies specifically addressing rehabilitation options and other conservative treatments for badminton players were not found. Rehabilitation options are based on current knowledge related to acute and chronic injuries in the sport in general. Discussion: From current evidence, progressive loading with elements of strength training to induce positive adaptive changes in the affected tissue appears to be an effective approach to overuse injuries. For example, elements of cryotherapy are widely used in sports physiotherapy, but there is insufficient evidence to support healing and regeneration of tendon pain. Injuries that result from an acute lack of tissue capacity to tolerate excessive load should be treated primarily with movement therapy with specific parameters. Specific rehabilitation procedures of the late phase of return to play are conditioned by the specifics of the sport, its biomechanics, and the particular type of injury. Conclusion: Although most injuries in badminton are treated conservatively, there is insufficient evidence relating to injury rehabilitation specifically for badminton players. The goal of treatment for badminton injuries is to reduce soreness, increase capacity, and improve coordination and balance. The premise of this article subsequently suggests options for injury prevention and conservative injury treatments with an emphasis on sports physiotherapy.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• raketové sporty MeSH
• sportovní úrazy * etiologie   prevence a kontrola   rehabilitace   MeSH
• techniky fyzikální terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Hepatectomies play a crucial role in the multidisciplinary management of primary and secondary liver malignancies but are associated with significant risks, including 30-day mortality, morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and increased resource utilization. Optimizing perioperative care remains a challenge; however, enhanced recovery programs have shown improved patient outcomes. The EUPEMEN (EUropean PErioperative MEdical Networking) protocol focuses on improving the perioperative management of liver resections through the establishment of interdisciplinary principles based on practical experience and theoretical frameworks from five European countries. This paper outlines the core elements of the EUPEMEN protocol, emphasizing strategies to minimize surgical stress, optimize perioperative care, and enhance postoperative recovery. The protocol is systematically designed to reduce postoperative mortality and morbidity, shorten hospital stays, and improve patient outcomes. The EUPEMEN guidelines address inconsistencies in surgical practice across Europe and are structured for implementation in various healthcare environments. "The protocol's approach is designed to support improvements in perioperative care standards in liver resections and may serve as a practical and efficient tool for healthcare professionals, pending further clinical validation. The EUPEMEN protocol offers a standardized, evidence-based framework to enhance perioperative management in hepatectomies. By integrating multidisciplinary principles, the main target is to eliminate complications, improve surgical outcomes, and promote faster recovery. Its implementation across diverse clinical settings may contribute to advancing perioperative care standards for liver resections in Europe.

• MeSH
• hepatektomie * metody   normy   MeSH
• klinické protokoly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory jater chirurgie   MeSH
• perioperační péče * metody   normy   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Cílem studie bylo zhodnotit přijatelnost a účinnost pěti různých forem sippingu u geriatrických pacientů s nutričním rizikem. Do pětitýdenního výzkumu bylo zařazeno 21 seniorů z domovů pro seniory, kteří hodnotili chuť, konzistenci, pocit nasycení a celkovou spokojenost s jednotlivými formami sippingu: Compact, Standard, Glycid, Juice a Pyré. Výsledky ukázaly, že největší oblibě se těšily formy Compact a Standard díky chutnosti, snadné konzumaci a vhodnému objemu. Glycid sipping byl hodnocen jako nejvíce sytící a dobře tolerovaný. Naopak Pyré sipping byl nejméně preferovaný kvůli obtížím s konzumací a nepříjemné konzistenci. Celkově 47 % účastníků považovalo sipping za účinný, 24 % za spíše účinný a žádný účastník jej nepovažoval za neúčinný. Studie zdůrazňuje význam individualizace nutriční podpory u seniorů s ohledem na jejich preference, což může vést k lepší adherenci a zlepšení jejich zdravotního stavu.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of five different forms of sipping in geriatric patients at nutritional risk. The five-week study included 21 seniors from nursing homes who assessed the taste, consistency, satiety, and overall satisfaction with each form of sipping: Compact, Standard, Glycid, Juice, and Purée. The results showed that the most preferred forms were Compact and Standard due to their palatability, ease of consumption, and suitable volume. Glycid sipping was rated as the most satiating and well-tolerated. In contrast, the Purée sipping was the least preferred due to consumption difficulties and unpleasant texture. Overall, 47% of participants considered sipping effective, 24% found it rather effective, and none regarded it as ineffective. The study highlights the importance of individualizing nutritional support for seniors based on their preferences, which can lead to better adherence and improved health outcomes.

• MeSH
• křehkost * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční podpora * MeSH
• potrava speciální MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH

Breast milk is crucial for infant health, offering essential nutrients and immune protection. However, despite increasing exposure risks from nanoparticles (NPs), their potential infiltration into human breast milk remains poorly understood. This study provides a comprehensive chemical profile of NPs in human breast milk, analyzing their elemental composition, surface charge, hydrodynamic size, and crystallinity. NPs were detected in 42 out of 53 milk samples, with concentrations reaching up to 1.12 × 1011 particles/mL. These particles comprised nine elements, with O, Si, Fe, Cu, and Al being the most frequently detected across all samples. We establish a mechanistic axis for NP infiltration, involving penetration of the intestine/air-blood barriers, circulation in blood vessels, crossing the blood-milk barrier via transcytosis or immune cell-mediated transfer, and eventual accumulation in milk. Structure-activity relationship analysis reveals that smaller, neutral-charged NPs exhibit stronger infiltration capacity, offering potential for regulating NP behavior at biological barriers through engineering design. This study provides the chemical profiles of NPs in human breast milk and uncovers their infiltration pathways.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nanočástice * chemie   analýza   MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Jaterní cirhóza je závažné chronické onemocnění jater, při kterém hrozí relativně vysoké riziko možných komplikací. Mezi nejzávažnější komplikace patří krvácení z jícnových a subkardiálních varixů. Při již vzniklém krvácení z varixů je stěžejním prvkem včasné urgentní gastroskopické vyšetření, během kterého máme možnost ošetřit krvácející varixy. Komplikace jaterní cirhózy jsou i v dnešní době, i přes moderní přístupy velkou výzvou pro endoskopistu a endoskopickou sestru.

Liver cirrhosis is a serious chronic liver disease with a high risk of complications. The most serious complications include bleeding from esophageal and subcardiac varices. In the case of already existing bleeding from varices, the key element is a timely emergency gastroscopic examination, during which we have the opportunity to treat the bleeding varices. Even today, despite modern approaches, the complications of liver cirrhosis are a great challenge for the endoscopist and endoscopist nurse.

• MeSH
• endoskopie trávicího systému * MeSH
• ezofageální a žaludeční varixy chirurgie   komplikace   MeSH
• gastrointestinální krvácení MeSH
• jaterní cirhóza * komplikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome (CMS) is a neurological complication of posterior fossa (PF) tumour surgery in children, and postoperative speech impairment (POSI) is the cardinal symptom of CMS. The role of tumour volume on the risk of POSI remains unexplored. This study investigates the association between tumour volume and the risk of POSI. METHODS: We included 360 patients from the European CMS study with available preoperative T1-weighted contrast-enhanced brain MRI. Speech status was assessed within two weeks postoperatively and categorised into three levels: habitual speech, severely reduced speech, and mutism. Tumour volumes were calculated using the BrainLab Elements SmartBrushTM, a semi-automated segmentation tool. We used proportional odds models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with adjustments for tumour location, pathology, and age. Based on the primary analysis, a risk stratification model for medulloblastoma patients was constructed, and the optimal volume cut-off was determined with Youden's Index. RESULTS: We found no effect of the overall tumour volume on the risk of POSI. This result did not change when adjusted for tumour location, pathology, and age. We found an association between tumour volume of medulloblastoma and the risk of POSI (unadjusted OR of 1.04 per increase in cm3 (95% CI 1.01;1.07, p = 0.01)), which did not change when adjusting for tumour location and age. The risk stratification cut-off for the tumour volume of medulloblastoma was calculated to be 16,5 cm3. Patients with medulloblastoma and preoperative tumour volumes below 16,5 cm3 had an absolute risk of 13% for POSI (low-risk group), whereas patients with preoperative tumour volumes above 16,5 cm3 had an absolute risk of 50% for POSI (high-risk group). CONCLUSION: Our data showed an association between preoperative tumour volume and the risk of POSI in children with medulloblastoma, while no association was found for the volume of other tumour types. We suggest a straightforward cut-off risk model for assessing the risk of POSI in children with medulloblastoma based on preoperative tumour volume. This approach can aid clinicians in informing patients and parents about the complications related to CMS following PF tumour surgery in children. CLINICAL TRIALS: ID NCT02300766 (October 2014).

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• infratentoriální nádory * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• meduloblastom * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mutismus * etiologie   MeSH
• nádory mozečku * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace * etiologie   MeSH
• poruchy řeči * etiologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• tumor burden * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are heterogeneous hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and genome instability. Mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) is an important source of genome instability leading to oncogenesis, whereas small PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) act as cellular suppressors of TEs. However, the roles of TEs and piRNAs in MDS remain unclear. METHODS: In this study, we examined TE and piRNA expression through parallel RNA and small RNA sequencing of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from MDS patients. RESULTS: Comparative analysis of TE and piRNA expression between MDS and control samples revealed several significantly dysregulated molecules. However, significant differences were observed between lower-risk MDS (LR-MDS) and higher-risk MDS (HR-MDS) samples. In HR-MDS, we found an inverse correlation between decreased TE levels and increased piRNA expression and these TE and piRNA levels were significantly associated with patient outcomes. Importantly, the upregulation of PIWIL2, which encodes a key factor in the piRNA pathway, independently predicted poor prognosis in MDS patients, underscoring its potential as a valuable disease marker. Furthermore, pathway analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed that dysregulation of the TE‒piRNA axis is linked to the suppression of processes related to energy metabolism, the cell cycle, and the immune response, suggesting that these disruptions significantly affect cellular activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the parallel dysregulation of TEs and piRNAs in HR-MDS patients, highlighting their potential role in MDS progression and indicating that the PIWIL2 level is a promising molecular marker for prognosis.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background/Objectives: Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits due to acute abdominal pain, with a lifetime risk of 7-8%. Managing AA presents significant challenges, particularly among vulnerable patient groups, due to its association with substantial morbidity and mortality. Methods: The EUPEMEN (European PErioperative MEdical Networking) project aims to optimize perioperative care for AA by developing multidisciplinary guidelines that integrate theoretical knowledge and clinical expertise from five European countries. This study presents the key elements of the EUPEMEN protocol, which focuses on reducing surgical stress, optimizing perioperative care, and enhancing postoperative recovery. Results: Through this standardized approach, the protocol aims to lower postoperative morbidity and mortality, shorten hospital stays, and improve overall patient outcomes. The recommendations are tailored to address the variability in clinical practice across Europe and are designed to be widely implementable in diverse healthcare settings. Conclusions: The conclusions drawn from this study highlight the potential for the EUPEMEN protocol to significantly improve perioperative care standards for AA, demonstrating its value as a practical, adaptable tool for clinicians.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatments of benign primary bone tumors of the femur face the challenge of limiting tissue damage and contamination while providing sufficient stabilization to avoid fracture. While no clear treatment guidelines exist, surgical treatment commonly consists of femoral fenestration and curettage with optional filling and plating of the defect. Mono- or bicortical plating of distal femoral defects aim to reduce fracture risk and have been shown to increase axial stability. However, it remains unclear whether plating increases torsional stability of the affected femur. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: This biomechanical study aimed to determine how much additional stability can be achieved by mono- or bicortical plating of femoral defects after fenestration. The following hypotheses were investigated: 1. Preventive plating of distal femur bone defects enhances torsional stability when compared to femoral fenestration alone. 2. A condition close to the intact (nonpathological) bone can be achieved by bone plating. 3. Defect shape influences torsional stability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thiel embalmed human femora (n = 24) were left intact or subjected to the following surgical treatments (A) defect creation via fenestration, (B) defect with short monocortical plating, (C) defect with long bicortical plating. All femora were torsion tested in midstance position using pre-cycling and testing until failure. Quantitative computed tomography pre and post testing allowed bone mineral density calculation and crack path analysis. Finite element analysis provided insight into defect shape variations. RESULTS: Torsion experiments showed no relevant enhancement of torsional stability due to mono- or bicortical plating. There were no significant differences in maximum torque between unplated and plated femora with defect (defect: 35.38 ± 7.53 Nm, monocortical plating: 37.77 ± 9.82 Nm, bicortical plating: 50.27 ± 9.72 Nm, p > 0.05). Maximum torque for all treatment groups was significantly lower compared to intact femora (155-200 Nm, p < 0.001). Cracks originated predominantly from the proximal posterior corner of the defect and intersected with screw holes in plated femora. The influence of variations of the defect corner shapes had no significant influence on maximum torque and angle. CONCLUSION: This biomechanical study shows that mono- or bicortical plating is not an effective preventive treatment against torsional failure of femora with distal defects as the resulting maximum torque was drastically reduced compared to intact femora. Thus, the initial hypotheses have to be rejected. As habitual loading of the femur includes a combination of axial and torsional loading, the observed lack of prevention against torsional failure might help to explain the occurrence of fractures despite plating. Future research towards ameliorating clinical outcome should address the role of defect filling with bone cement or bone grafts regarding the improvement of torsional stability after primary bone tumor treatment in the femur.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• femur * chirurgie   MeSH
• kostní destičky * MeSH
• kyretáž MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanické testy MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• torze mechanická MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH