Strontium and lead stable isotopes, and element concentrations were measured in 12 uncremated skeletons from the Roman Stettfeld site (ca 150–300 CE; Baden-Württemberg, FRG). Samples were taken from three to five skeletal parts per individual that precipitated and/or accumulated trace elements at different ontogenetic stages, namely enamel of different permanent teeth, compact and trabecular bone, and new bone formations such as active periostitis or fracture callus. Six out of the 12 skeletons turned out to be immigrants to the site according to enamel and/or bone 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios. By use of enamel precipitation data, bone remodeling and strontium clearance rates from the skeleton, individual age at migration could be refined and showed that residence change took place during infancy or juvenile ages. One female skeleton exhibited negative turnover rates indicating a negative calcium balance. Together with a conspicuous sulcus praeauricularis and her young age-at-death, this is most plausibly interpreted as death shortly after pregnancy and birth. While the residence change of this female could have been due to exogamy, migration during childhood or juvenile age indicates movement of (family) groups of people. In Roman times, also slavery cannot be excluded. With regard to the geological variability at the site, catchment area of the immigrants should however have been small and was most probably restricted to the Black Forest and nearest surroundings. Rich ore deposits of the region, and the dependency of the Roman society from silver and lead, constituted a strong pull-factor that time. All but two individuals that had been identified as immigrants by 87Sr/86Sr exhibited skeletal lead stable isotopic ratios that are compatible with this region.
- MeSH
- History, Ancient MeSH
- Strontium Isotopes analysis MeSH
- Isotopes * analysis MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques methods MeSH
- Skeleton MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Human Migration MeSH
- Lead analysis MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Age Determination by Skeleton * MeSH
- Dental Enamel MeSH
- Check Tag
- History, Ancient MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Historical Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Germany MeSH
We have recently developed a model of pancreatic islet transplantation into a decellularized pancreatic tail in rats. As the pancreatic skeletons completely lack endothelial cells, we investigated the effect of co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells to promote revascularization. Decellularized matrix of the pancreatic tail was prepared by perfusion with Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate and DNase solution. Isolated pancreatic islets were infused into the skeletons via the splenic vein either alone, together with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSCs), or with a combination of adMSCs and rat endothelial cells (rat ECs). Repopulated skeletons were transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue and explanted 9 days later for histological examination. Possible immunomodulatory effects of rat adMSCs on the survival of highly immunogenic green protein-expressing human ECs were also tested after their transplantation beneath the renal capsule. The immunomodulatory effects of adMSCs were also tested in vitro using the Invitrogen Click-iT EdU system. In the presence of adMSCs, the proliferation of splenocytes as a response to phytohaemagglutinin A was reduced by 47% (the stimulation index decreased from 1.7 to 0.9, P = 0.008) and the reaction to human ECs was reduced by 58% (the stimulation index decreased from 1.6 to 0.7, P = 0.03). Histological examination of the explanted skeletons seeded only with the islets showed their partial disintegration and only a rare presence of CD31-positive cells. However, skeletons seeded with a combination of islets and adMSCs showed preserved islet morphology and rich vascularity. In contrast, the addition of syngeneic rat ECs resulted in islet-cell necrosis with only few endothelial cells present. Live green fluorescence-positive endothelial cells transplanted either alone or with adMSCs were not detected beneath the renal capsule. Though the adMSCs significantly reduced in vitro proliferation stimulated by either phytohaemagglutinin A or by xenogeneic human ECs, in vivo co-transplanted adMSCs did not suppress the post-transplant immune response to xenogeneic ECs. Even in the syngeneic model, ECs co-transplantation did not lead to sufficient vascularization in the transplant area. In contrast, islet co-transplantation together with adMSCs successfully promoted the revascularization of extracellular matrix in the subcutaneous tissue.
- MeSH
- Decellularized Extracellular Matrix MeSH
- Endothelial Cells MeSH
- Neovascularization, Physiologic * MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Cells, Cultured MeSH
- Islets of Langerhans * immunology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells * MeSH
- Pancreas MeSH
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation * methods MeSH
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation * methods MeSH
- Adipose Tissue * cytology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Anthropometry MeSH
- Femur anatomy & histology MeSH
- Tibia anatomy & histology MeSH
- Geographicals
- Byzantium MeSH
XX, 642 s. : il. ; 29 cm
Stopové prvky jsou v lidském těle součástí řady důležitých funkcí. Svůj nepochybný význam mají i pro vývoj skeletu od fetálního období s podílem na novotvorbě kosti, a v dospělosti pak v udržení její integrity. Některé stopové prvky mají na kost efekt protektivní (zinek), jiné naopak toxický (kadmium, chrom, kobalt). Měření koncentrací stopových prvků v tělních tekutinách (krev a moč) a ve tkáních (vlasy a kost) umožní identifikovat jedince ohrožené osteoporotickými frakturami v důsledku nutričního deficitu. Článek podává přehled součas- ných znalostí o významu stopových prvků pro fyziologii skeletu.
Trace elements are involved in a number of important functions in the human body. They are of undoubted importance for the development of the skeleton from the foetal period onwards, contributing to new bone formation, and in adulthood to the maintenance of its integrity. Some trace elements have a protective effect on the bone (zinc), others have a toxic effect (cadmium, chromium, cobalt). Measurement of trace element concentrations in body fluids (blood and urine) and tissues (hair and bone) will allow identification of individuals at risk of osteoporotic fractures due to nutritional deficiencies. This article provides current knowledge on the importance of trace elements for skeletal physiology.
- MeSH
- Skeleton * physiology growth & development MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nutritional Requirements MeSH
- Trace Elements * blood metabolism urine deficiency toxicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
v, 24 s. : il.
