BACKGROUND: Numerous studies suggest that alcohol abuse has negative effects on cognitive and executive functions. Cognitive deficits in individuals with alcohol use disorders can have a negative impact on the success of treatment and reintegration into normal life and work. AIMS: The aim of this clinical comparative study was to evaluate selected cognitive and executive functions in clients treated for alcohol addiction using the comparison of a sample with the general population norm and to evaluate the potential use of such diagnostic information in treatment and aftercare. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: A wide battery of clinical tests was used: the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Numeric Square (CC), Verbal Fluency Test (FAS), Stroop Colour Word Test (SCWT), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), and Case History Questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: Our sample consisted of 59 clients (38 men and 21 women, mean age 41.7 years) with a diagnosis of moderate or severe alcohol use disorder admitted to treatment facilities in Kromìøíž and Šternberk and to the Olomouc-based aftercare centre. RESULTS: The majority of the cognitive function measures showed significant differences between clients with alcohol use disorders and the general population norm. The clients in treatment scored lower in AVLT, TMT, and FAS, while they were better than the norm in CC and SCWT. No correlation was found between the length of their history of excessive drinking and the test scores. After evaluating each respondent individually, we concluded that cognitive training could be recommended for 34 (58%) of the respondents. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed assessment of cognitive and executive functions using a manageable battery of methods and possible subsequent training in cognitive functions provided to clients in treatment and aftercare can be helpful in enhancing the success of treatment, facilitating social reintegration, and reducing the risk of relapse.

• MeSH
• exekutivní funkce MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * diagnóza   rehabilitace   MeSH
• kognitivní remediace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• poruchy vyvolané alkoholem * diagnóza   rehabilitace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• sociální vědy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Sociologie
• NLK Obory
• sociologie

• MeSH
• arboviry imunologie   MeSH
• fluorescence diagnostické užití   MeSH
• imunologické testy MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The main challenge of bypass surgery of complex MCA aneurysms is not the selection of the bypass type but the initial decision-making of how to exclude the affected vessel segment from circulation. To this end, we have previously proposed a classification for complex MCA aneurysms based on the preoperative angiography. The current study aimed to validate this new classification and assess its diagnostic reliability using the giant aneurysm registry as an independent data set. METHODS: We reviewed the pretreatment neuroimaging of 51 patients with giant (> 2.5 cm) MCA aneurysms from 18 centers, prospectively entered into the international giant aneurysm registry. We classified the aneurysms according to our previously proposed Berlin classification for complex MCA aneurysms. To test for interrater diagnostic reliability, the data set was reviewed by four independent observers. RESULTS: We were able to classify all 51 aneurysms according to the Berlin classification for complex MCA aneurysms. Eight percent of the aneurysm were classified as type 1a, 14% as type 1b, 14% as type 2a, 24% as type 2b, 33% as type 2c, and 8% as type 3. The interrater reliability was moderate with Fleiss's Kappa of 0.419. CONCLUSION: The recently published Berlin classification for complex MCA aneurysms showed diagnostic reliability, independent of the observer when applied to the MCA aneurysms of the international giant aneurysm registry.

• MeSH
• arteria cerebri media diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• intrakraniální aneurysma diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozková angiografie * MeSH
• neurozobrazování * MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• revaskularizace mozku metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

MicroRNA (miRNA) sponges are RNA transcripts containing multiple high-affinity binding sites that associate with and sequester specific miRNAs to prevent them from interacting with their target messenger (m)RNAs. Due to the high specificity of miRNA sponges and strong inhibition of target miRNAs, these molecules have become increasingly applied in miRNA loss-of-function studies. However, improperly designed sponge constructs may sequester off-target miRNAs; thus, it has become increasingly important to develop a tool for miRNA sponge construct design and testing. In this study, we introduce microRNA sponge generator and tester (miRNAsong), a freely available web-based tool for generation and in silico testing of miRNA sponges. This tool generates miRNA sponge constructs for specific miRNAs and miRNA families/clusters and tests them for potential binding to miRNAs in selected organisms. Currently, miRNAsong allows for testing of sponge constructs in 219 species covering 35,828 miRNA sequences. Furthermore, we also provide an example, supplemented with experimental data, of how to use this tool. Using miRNAsong, we designed and tested a sponge for miR-145 inhibition, and cloned the sequence into an inducible lentiviral vector. We found that established cell lines expressing miR-145 sponge strongly inhibited miR-145, thus demonstrating the usability of miRNAsong tool for sponge generation. URL: http://www.med.muni.cz/histology/miRNAsong/.

• MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• internet * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Mycotoxin management in agriculture is an essential challenge for maintaining the health of both animals and humans. Choosing the right adsorbent is still a question for many breeders and an important criterion for feed manufacturers. New adsorbents are still being sought. Graphene oxide is a promising material in the field of nanotechnology, which excels in its adsorption properties. Presented in vitro study investigates graphene oxide for the binding of mycotoxins from crushed wheat. The results show that graphene oxide has an adsorption capacity for aflatoxin 0.045 mg/g, zearalenone 0.53 mg/g and deoxynivalenol 1.69 mg/g at 37° C. In vitro simulation of crushed wheat digestion showed rapid adsorption during the gastric phase. Of the minerals, Mg, Cu and Zn were the most adsorbed. The applied dose of graphene oxide of 10 mg/g caused only a slight inhibition of the digestive enzymes α-amylase and trypsin compared to pepsin and gastric lipase. In vitro results indicated the suitability of graphene oxide in the adsorption of the aflatoxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• aflatoxin B1 izolace a purifikace   toxicita   MeSH
• gastrointestinální absorpce MeSH
• grafit chemie   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mykotoxiny izolace a purifikace   toxicita   MeSH
• nanostruktury chemie   MeSH
• pšenice chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• trávení MeSH
• trichotheceny izolace a purifikace   toxicita   MeSH
• zearalenon izolace a purifikace   toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Lipocalin-2 (also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]) has been described as a promising marker of metabolic syndrome associated with inflammation. The aim of our work was to develop an assay for the determination of lipocalin-2 in human serum and to investigate its levels in healthy volunteers and donors suffering from metabolic syndrome. We also conducted a pilot study on individuals with metabolic syndrome and on healthy probands and measured lipocalin-2 in these individuals. We developed and evaluated the sandwich ELISA method for the quantitative determination of human lipocalin-2 in serum samples. We measured blood pressure, waist circumference, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin, glucose, creatinine, hs-CRP, and adiponectin and calculated the BMI and Quicki insulin sensitivity index. In the study on 153 healthy volunteers, we showed that sex and age are not determinative for lipocalin-2 serum values. Furthermore, we tested 45 individuals with metabolic syndrome; values of lipocalin-2 did not differ (78.8 vs. 80.0 microg/l, p =0.56) from the data of healthy individuals from the first study. Neither group differed with regard to sex or age. Lipocalin-2 correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r=-0.3, p<0.01) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (r=-0.3, p<0.01), cholesterol (r=-0.21, p=0.047), creatinine (r=0.19, p=0.05), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r=0.22, p=0.036). No significant correlation was found between serum lipocalin-2 and BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL, Quicki, or the number of metabolic syndrome components. When study patients with metabolic syndrome were further stratified according to the number of components of metabolic syndrome, serum concentrations of lipocalin-2 did not differ. The results presented demonstrate the analytical competence of the lipocalin-2 assay. However, we assumed that lipocalin-2 is not a routinely usable marker of metabolic syndrome or obesity. The association between serum lipocalin-2 and obesity or metabolic syndrome was not validated in our study.

• MeSH
• adipozita fyziologie   MeSH
• alanintransaminasa krev   MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• aspartátaminotransferasy krev   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA metody   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kreatinin krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipokaliny krev   moč   MeSH
• metabolický syndrom krev   moč   MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• obezita krev   moč   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• proteiny akutní fáze moč   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny krev   moč   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zkřížené reakce MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Na základě systematické analýzy literárních zdrojů, odborných licencovaných a volně přístupných databází o dosavadních možnostech hodnocení rizika rozvoje sepse u novorozenců prostřednictvím skórovacích systémů bylo zjištěno, že sestry v České republice nemají k dispozici nástroj k určení potencionálního rizika rozvoje sepse u novorozenců. Existuje celá řada hodnotících a měřících nástrojů k určení predikce závažnosti onemocnění a prognózy u dětského pacienta. Většina těchto hodnotících technik však není modifikována pro novorozenecké období. Převážná většina těchto skórovacích systémů je pro rychlé hodnocení časově náročná. Příspěvek prezentuje výsledky šetření zaměřeného na ověření využitelnosti Novorozenecké škály pro hodnocení rizika sepse (SOS-CZ), která je českou verzí škály Newborn Scale of Sepsis (SOS). Autorka původní předlohy Lorraine Rubarth poskytla svolení s využitím škály SOS při našem výzkumném šetření a s následným možným využíváním škály v České republice. Autorka rovněž poskytla písemné svolení k užívání autorských práv k modifikované verzi dotazníku SOS-CZ Rabasová, Sikorová. Modifikovaná verze škály SOS-CZ byla podrobena výzkumnému šetření metodou experimentu ve dvou perinatologických centrech v České republice (Novorozenecká jednotka intenzivní péče ve Fakultní nemocnici v Ostravě a Novorozenecká jednotka intenzivní péče v Olomouci) a v perinatologickém centru v Martinské fakultní nemocnici na Slovensku. Zkoumaný soubor čítal 188 novorozenců a 63 nelékařských zdravotnických pracovníků. Z celkového počtu 188 novorozenců byla sepse potvrzena u 32 novorozenců. Průměrné celkové skóre na škále SOS-CZ u novorozenců s potvrzenou sepsí (n = 32) bylo 16 a u novorozenců bez potvrzené sepse (n = 156) bylo šest. Z dosažených výsledků je patrné, že pomocí škály SOS-CZ lze také vyjádřit pravděpodobnost rozvoje sepse u novorozenců.

Based on a systematic analysis of literary sources, professionally licensed and freely accessible databases making it possible to evaluate the risk of sepsis in newborns via scoring systems, it was found that nurses in the Czech Republic do not have a tool to determine the potential risk of sepsis in newborns. There are a number of evaluation and measurement tools to determine the prediction of the severity of the illness and prognosis for child patients. Most of these evaluation techniques, however, have not been modified for the neonatal period. The vast majority of these scoring systems are time consuming for quick assessments. This paper presents the results of an investigation aimed at verifying the usability of a neonatal scale for assessing the risk of sepsis (SOS-CZ), which is the Czech version of the Newborn Scale of Sepsis (SOS). The author of the original model Lorraine Rubarth has granted permission to use SOS for our research and the subsequent possibility of using the scale in CR. The author also gave written copyright permission to use a modified version of the questionnaire SOS-CZ Rabasová, Sikorová. The modified version of the SOS-CZ scale was subjected to investigation by the method of experiment in two perinatal centers in the Czech Republic (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the University Hospital Ostrava and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Olomouc) and in the Perinatology Center at Martin University Hospital in Slovakia. The sample numbered 188 newborns and 63 paramedical staff. From the total of 188 newborns, sepsis was confirmed in 32 neonates. The average total score in neonates with confirmed sepsis (n 32) is 16, and 6 for newborns without confirmed sepsis (n 156). The results obtained show that the test is able to indicate a low risk of developing sepsis in neonates.

• Klíčová slova
• skórovací škála, skórovací systém,
• MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• intenzivní péče o novorozence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ošetřovatelské zhodnocení * MeSH
• ošetřovatelství novorozenců * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky * normy   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• sepse * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

In the current study, the results of an intradermal tuberculin test and a gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assay were compared. IFN-γ release assay is based on the detection of IFN-γ production after in vitro stimulation with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium-specific antigen for the discrimination of pigs naturally infected with M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Fifty-five clinically healthy pigs were used in the study. Three of these were proven by culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods to be infected with M. avium subsp. hominissuis (2 animals) and Mycobacterium xenopi (1 animal). No animals were positive by the tuberculin test. Both M. avium subsp. hominissuis-positive pigs were evaluated as positive by the IFN-γ release assay. Bacteriologically negative and M. xenopi-positive pigs were unresponsive in the IFN-γ release assay, indicating the specificity of the method. The results suggest that the IFN-γ release assay has a higher sensitivity than the tuberculin test and that the assay can be used for diagnosis of M. avium infections in live, naturally infected pigs.

• MeSH
• Mycobacterium avium izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• nemoci prasat diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• test pomocí interferonu gama veterinární   MeSH
• tuberkulinový test veterinární   MeSH
• tuberkulóza diagnóza   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Sublingual drug delivery allows systemic delivery of drug without difficulties connected with the gastrointestinal pathway. We developed a new simple protocol for easy-to-use processing and storage of porcine sublingual mucosal membrane for in vitro studies using "flash freezing" in liquid nitrogen. All the dextrans used as mucosal membrane integrity and permeability markers permeated only slowly through sublingual mucosa illustrating usability both the "fresh" and "flash frozen" sublingual membranes whereas conventional cold storage "frozen" membranes have shown significantly higher permeabilities for macromolecules due to the sustained damage. The permeability values were too low to expect dextrans to be potential carriers at this context. To test albumin as a drug carrier we compared FITC-albumin permeation from solutions vs. nanofiber mats donors. To increase the amounts and prolong the transport, we manufactured nanofiber mats loaded with fluorescently marked albumin using well-scalable electrospinning technology. Nanofiber mats have allowed albumin passage through the sublingual membrane in similar amounts as from the pure artificial saliva solution. Since salivary washout strictly limits the duration of liquid dosages, nanofiber mats may thus permit prolonged sublingual administration.

• MeSH
• albuminy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• aplikace sublinguální MeSH
• dextrany aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• fluorescein-5-isothiokyanát aplikace a dávkování   analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• kofein aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy * MeSH
• nanovlákna aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• permeabilita MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• roztoky MeSH
• sliznice anatomie a histologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zmrazování MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH