Climate is a major driver of species diversity. However, its effect can be either direct due to species physiological tolerances or indirect, whereby wetter climates facilitate more complex vegetation and consequently higher diversity due to greater resource availability. Yet, studies quantifying both direct and indirect effects of climate on multiple dimensions of diversity are rare. We used extensive data on species distributions, morphological and ecological traits, and vegetation across Australia to quantify both direct (water availability) and indirect (habitat diversity and canopy height) effects of climate on the species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD), and functional diversity (FD) of 536 species of birds. Path analyses revealed that SR increased with wetter climates through both direct and indirect effects, lending support for the influence of both physiological tolerance and vegetation complexity. However, residual PD and residual FD (adjusted for SR by null models) were poorly predicted by environmental conditions. Thus, the FD and PD of Australian birds mostly evolved in concert with SR, with the possible exception of the higher-than-expected accumulation of avian lineages in wetter and more productive areas in northern and eastern Australia (with high residual PD), permitted probably by older biome age.
The aim of this study was to determine the content, distribution and behaviour of Al in soils under beech forest with different parent rock, and to assess the role of herbaceous vegetation on soil Al behaviour. We hypothesize that the contents of elements in the soil sorption complex (Al etc.) are strongly influenced by vegetation cover. Also, low molecular mass organic acids (LMMOA) can be considered as an indicator of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and vegetation litter turnover. Speciation of LMMOA, nutrition content (PO43-, Ca2+, K+) and element composition in aqueous extracts were determined by means of ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) respectively. Active and exchangeable pH, sorption characteristics and exchangeable Al (Alex) were determined in BaCl2 extracts by ICP-OES. Elemental composition of parent rocks was assessed by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Herb-poor localities showed lower pH, less nutrients (PO43-, Ca2+, K+), less LMMOA, a larger stock of SOM and greater cation exchange capacity. There was also lower mobilisation of Al in organic horizons, which explains the larger pools of Al. Generally, we can conclude that LMMOA, and thus soil vegetation cover, play an important role in the Al soil cycle.
- MeSH
- Fagus chemistry drug effects growth & development metabolism MeSH
- Chelating Agents analysis chemistry MeSH
- Absorption, Physicochemical drug effects MeSH
- Absorption, Physiological drug effects MeSH
- Geologic Sediments chemistry MeSH
- Aluminum analysis chemistry metabolism toxicity MeSH
- Humic Substances analysis MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Soil Pollutants analysis chemistry metabolism toxicity MeSH
- Plants, Medicinal drug effects growth & development metabolism MeSH
- Forests MeSH
- Molecular Weight MeSH
- Soil chemistry MeSH
- Plants drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Solubility MeSH
- Plant Development drug effects MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Several recent studies suggest that quantitative description of signal complexity using algorithms of nonlinear analysis could uncover new information about the autonomic system that is not reflected using common methods applied to measures of autonomic activity. With this aim we have performed complexity analysis of electrodermal activity (EDA) assessed in 106 healthy university students during rest conditions and non-conflicting and conflicting Stroop task. Complexity analysis applied to EDA was performed using Skinner's algorithm for pointwise correlation dimension (PD2). Results have shown that EDA responses during the Stroop Colour Word test are related to significantly increased or decreased complexity. Particularly significant result is that PD2 has a unique ability to predict to an extent the change in EDA response to stress i.e. that subjects with low initial PD2 tended to respond to experimental stress by its increase and subjects with high initial PD2 values tended to respond by its decrease. This response was not found in EDA measures where increase of the EDA presented predominant response to experimental stress in majority of the subjects. These findings suggest that PD2 is more sensitive to subtle aspects of functionally and spatially distributed modulatory influences of various parts of the brain that are involved in the EDA modulation and provides novel information in comparison to traditional methods.
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Autonomic Nervous System physiology physiopathology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Galvanic Skin Response physiology MeSH
- Conflict, Psychological MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Stress, Psychological physiopathology MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Stroop Test MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Cílem tohoto sdělení je seznámit odbornou veřejnost s možností rehabilitace pacientů ve vegetativním stavu, která není dosud v České republice plně rozvinuta. Domníváme se, že toto téma je závažné i vzhledem k vznikající komplexní péči o pacienty s cerebrovaskulárním onemocněním (Věstník Ministerstva zdravotnictví České republiky částka 2, ročník 2010). U vegetativního stavu (termín se používá v angloamerickém prostředí), apalického syndromu (termín se používá v německy mluvících zemích) se jedná o subakutní nebo chronický výpadek funkcí mozkové kůry, který vede, při funkce schopném aktivačním systému retikulární formace, k disociaci mezi vědomím a bděním. Pacienti jsou v bdělém stavu se zachovanými vegetativními funkcemi, ale není možné s nimi navázat kontakt. Přes všechny diagnostické a terapeutické pokroky zůstává prognóza vegetativního stavu (apalického syndromu), jenž trvá déle než čtyři týdny, neperspektivní. U většiny pacientů již nelze dosáhnout kompletní remise, i když v ojedinělých případech je remise i po několika letech možná. Nejdůležitějšími cíli rehabilitace raných stadií remise je dosáhnout, po zlepšení bdělosti a počátečních schopnosti vnímání, prodloužení fází bdění a následně zlepšení pozornosti. Pacienti však mají jen velmi omezenou schopnost zátěže, a proto by rehabilitace měla být prováděna individuálně, v co nejoptimálněji upraveném okolí, hlavně s omezením rušivých impulzů. V průběhu dalších fází remise je postupně možné zvyšovat komplexitu individuální rehabilitace, s cílem zlepšení funkčních deficitů na základě aktuálních schopností pacienta.
The aim of this article is to introduce the possibility of rehabilitation for vegetative patients, something that is far from common in the Czech Republic. We maintain that it is very important to draw attention to the matter, particularly today, when the comprehensive system of care for patients with cerebrovascular disease is at its very beginning. The vegetative state (term used in Anglophone countries), or “apalic syndrome” (translation of the term used in German-speaking contries) refers to subacute or chronic failure of brain cortex functions leading to a dissociation between awareness and optical vigilance (capacity for visual pursuit), assuming that the activating system of the formatiae reticularis is functioning. Some patients remain vigilant despite vegetative functions but communication with them is impossible. In spite of a great deal of diagnostic and therapeutic progress, the prognosis for those in whom a vegetative state lasts longer that four weeks remains doubtful. For the majority of patients, complete remission not achieveable. In certain cases, however, remission over a period of years is still possible. Having established an improvement in vigilance and inceptive capacity for perception, the primary aims of rehabilitation in the early stages of remission are to extend vigilance and facilitate its enhancement. However, patients have very limited endurance and therefore rehabilitation should be individually targeted, preferably taking place in an optimally-adapted environment, especially without intrusive impacts. During the following stages of remission it is possible gradually to enhance the complexity of individual rehabilitation, still with the aim of alleviating the functional deficiency based on the actual abilities of the patient at any given point.
- Keywords
- apalický syndrom, remise,
- MeSH
- Wakefulness MeSH
- Brain Damage, Chronic MeSH
- Disease Attributes MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Persistent Vegetative State rehabilitation therapy MeSH
- Eye Movements MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Rehabilitation MeSH
- Social Welfare MeSH
- Sleep MeSH
- Remission, Spontaneous MeSH
- Physical Therapy Modalities MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
The consumption of fruits and vegetables is increasing worldwide because of the positive impact of these foods on human health. Ready-to-eat, raw whole, and frozen fruits and vegetables were purchased from markets and examined for the presence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) using culture, real-time PCR (qPCR), and sequencing. Using qPCR, Mycobacterium sp. at 10(0) to 10(4) ge/g (genome equivalents per gram) was found in almost all of the 178 samples; members of the M. avium complex were found only sporadically. Culture and sequencing revealed the presence of 22 viable NTM isolates in 17 samples. In addition to NTM commonly found in the environment, several rarely described isolates of viable NTM were recovered. The presence of Mycobacterium shigaense, which has been previously isolated only from human patients, was found in lettuce, the first time that this species has been found in an environmental sample. Mycobacterium parmense, Mycobacterium palustre, and Mycobacterium llatzerense, which have been previously isolated from human patients and occasionally from soil and water, were recovered from leafy green vegetables. Strawberries and cut salad mixes contained Mycobacterium algericum, Mycobacterium fallax, and Mycobacterium minnesotense. NTM are primarily nonpathogenic. However, consumption of fruits or vegetables contaminated with NTM could represent a health risk for immunocompromised people, children, and the elderly.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nontuberculous Mycobacteria * MeSH
- Fruit MeSH
- Vegetables * MeSH
- Environment MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Jde o chronické bolestivé postižení končetin nebo jejich částí, s motorickými, senzorickými a vegetativními změnami. Typické pro toto onemocnění je, že klinické změny a intenzita potíží přesahují očekávaný průběh prvotního onemocnění. Zásadními klinickými diagnostickými příznaky jsou bolest a změna trofiky tkání. V minulosti bylo toto etiologicky různorodé onemocnění označováno různými názvy - reflexní sympatická dystrofie, Sudeckova dystrofie, algodystrofie, algoneurodystrofie, sympatikem udržovaná bolest aj. První klinický popis tohoto onemocnění uvedl Claude Bernard v roce 1851, zabývali se jím mnozí anesteziologové a neurologové, podrobný popis změn včetně atrofie tkání popsal Paul Sudeck v roce 1900.
Complex regional pain syndrome is chronic, painful disorder of limbs, or its parts, with motor, sensors and vegetative changes. Typical of this disease is that clinical changes and intensity of disorder are beyond the expected course of primary illness. In the past, this etiologically diverse disease was referred to by various names - reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Sudeck's dystrophy, algodystrophy, algoneurodystrophy, sympathetic pain, and others. The first clinical description of this disease was introduced by Claude Bernard in 1851, and many anaesthesiologists and neurologists were working on it. A detailed description of the changes including tissue atrophy was described by Paul Sudeck in 1900.
- MeSH
- Pain drug therapy MeSH
- Chronic Disease MeSH
- Drug Therapy, Combination MeSH
- Combined Modality Therapy MeSH
- Complex Regional Pain Syndromes * diagnosis etiology pathology therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Signs and Symptoms MeSH
- Sympathetic Nervous System physiopathology MeSH
- Physical Therapy Modalities MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Přednáška načrtne problematiku dlouhodobé intenzivní péče v celé její komplexnosti a širokým spektrem pacientů. Kazutistika dokreslí pohled na možnosti, kterých lze dosáhnout u pacienta po kraniocerebrálním poranění v rozmezí jednoho roku hospitalizace.
The lecture will outline the issue of long-term intensive care in all its complexity and broad spectrum of patients. Casuistry illustrate view of the possibilities that can be achieved in the patient after craniocerebral injury within one year of hospitalization.
- MeSH
- Long-Term Care methods organization & administration manpower MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Critical Care Nursing * methods manpower MeSH
- Persistent Vegetative State nursing MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial methods nursing MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
