Volumetrické vyšetření nukleární magnetickou rezonancí (NMR) umožňuje hodnocení morfologických patologických změn in vivo. Metoda prokázala nízkou inter a intraindividuální variabilitu při opakovaných měřeních u zdravé populace. Největší pozornost u nemocných s Alzheimerovou chorobou je věnována měření komplexu amygdala-hipokampus. NMR volumetrie mesiálního temporálního kortexu není specifická, s vysokou citlivostí však odliší nemocné s demencí od normální populace. Neuropatologické změny u Alzheimerovy choroby často předcházejí klinickou manifestaci. NMR volumetrie může rozpoznat morfologické příznaky nemoci před začátkem vlastního onemocnění nebo je prokázat u osob s kognitivním deficitem. U rizikových pacientů tak může být včas zahájena symptomatická terapie. V budoucnu bude snad možné využít NMR volumetrická data i pro stanovení prognózy a účinku terapie Alzheimerovy nemoci.

Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures morphological pathological changes in vivo. The method showed low inter- and intraindividual variability in normal population. The most frequently evaluated structure in patients with Alzheimer disease is the amygdala-hippocampus complex. Although the volumetric MRI of mesial temporal cortex lacks specificity, it differs with high reliability demented patients from normal population. Neuropathological changes in Alzheimer disease often precede clinical manifestation. Volumetric MRI can identify morphological symptoms before the onset of the disease and disclose pathological changes in persons with mild cognitive impairment. Hence the symptomatic therapy can be initiated in hi-risk groups of patients. In the future the volumetric MRI might be useful in the assessment of prognosis and effects of therapy in Alzheimer disease.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• amygdala patologie   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• hipokampus patologie   MeSH
• nukleární magnetická rezonance biomolekulární diagnostické užití   metody   MeSH
• příznaky a symptomy MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

With the development of light microscopy, it is becoming increasingly easy to obtain detailed multicolor fluorescence volumetric data. The need for their appropriate visualization has become an integral part of fluorescence imaging. Virtual reality (VR) technology provides a new way of visualizing multidimensional image data or models so that the entire 3D structure can be intuitively observed, together with different object features or details on or within the object. With the need for imaging advanced volumetric data, demands for the control of virtual object properties are increasing; this happens especially for multicolor objects obtained by fluorescent microscopy. Existing solutions with universal VR controllers or software-based controllers with the need to define sufficient space for the user to manipulate data in VR are not usable in many practical applications. Therefore, we developed a custom gesture-based VR control system with a custom controller connected to the FluoRender visualization environment. A multitouch sensor disk was used for this purpose. Our control system may be a good choice for easier and more comfortable manipulation of virtual objects and their properties, especially using confocal microscopy, which is the most widely used technique for acquiring volumetric fluorescence data so far.

• MeSH
• gesta * MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• software MeSH
• virtuální realita * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Wavelet transformation is one of the most frequent procedures for data denoising, smoothing, decomposition, features extraction, and further related tasks. In order to perform such tasks, we need to select appropriate wavelet settings, including particular wavelet, decomposition level and other parameters, which form the wavelet transformation outputs. Selection of such parameters is a challenging area due to absence of versatile recommendation tools for suitable wavelet settings. In this paper, we propose a versatile recommendation system for prediction of suitable wavelet selection for data smoothing. The proposed system is aimed to generate spatial response matrix for selected wavelets and the decomposition levels. Such response enables the mapping of selected evaluation parameters, determining the efficacy of wavelet settings. The proposed system also enables tracking the dynamical noise influence in the context of Wavelet efficacy by using volumetric response. We provide testing on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) image data and EMG signals mostly of musculoskeletal system to objectivise system usability for clinical data processing. The experimental testing is done by using evaluation parameters such is MSE (Mean Squared Error), ED (Euclidean distance) and Corr (Correlation index). We also provide the statistical analysis of the results based on Mann-Whitney test, which points out on statistically significant differences for individual Wavelets for the data corrupted with Salt and Pepper and Gaussian noise.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• elektromyografie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• normální rozdělení MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie * MeSH
• vlnková analýza * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of perimetry combined with volumetry in the treatment of lymphedema. Ninety women, who had been submitted to breast cancer surgery, were randomly selected in the Government Healthcare Clinic for this study. Only patients who underwent surgical treatment of breast cancer with some degree of lymphadenectomy were included in the study cohort. Individuals with active disease, whether local or otherwise, functional alterations of the upper limbs before breast cancer surgery were not included. The following possibilities were considered: 1 – the perimetry evaluation was considered positive when the difference between the affected and unaffected sides was ł 2 cm for any one of the seven measurements and volumetry was ł 100 mL; 2 – perimetry ł 2 cm and volumetry ł 200 mL; 3 – a difference > 10% between the two limbs in volumetry and perimetry. Prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were evaluated statistically with an alpha error of 5% considered acceptable (p-value < 0.05). The mean age of the women was 54.8 ± 11.7 years. The sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy were higher using perimetry when a volume ł 2 cm were considered. The specificity and positive predictive values were better when the difference was greater than 10% between the two limbs by both perimetry and volumetry. Perimetry is a reliable method in the diagnosis of lymphedema when differences > 2 cm between the two limbs should be considered.

• MeSH
• horní končetina chirurgie   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny MeSH
• lymfedém diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory prsu diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• testy zrakového pole metody   využití   MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• ženy MeSH

The liquid state NMR chemical shift of protons is a parameter frequently used to characterize host-guest complexes. Its theoretical counterpart, that is, the 1H NMR chemical shielding affected by the solvent (1H CS), may provide important insights into spatial arrangements of supramolecular systems, and it can also be reliably obtained for challenging cases of an aggregation of aromatic and antiaromatic molecules in solution. This computational analysis is performed for the complex of coronene and an antiaromatic model compound in acetonitrile by employing the GIAO-B3LYP-PCM approach combined with a saturated basis set. Predicted 1H CS values are used to generate volumetric data, whose properties are thoroughly investigated. The 1H CS isosurface, corresponding to a value of the proton chemical shift taken from a previous experimental study, is described. The presence of the 1H CS isosurface should be taken into account in deriving structural information about supramolecular hosts and their encapsulation of small molecules.

• MeSH
• acetonitrily chemie   MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
• izotopy uhlíku MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• makromolekulární látky MeSH
• nikl chemie   MeSH
• normální rozdělení MeSH
• polycyklické sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• protonová magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• protony MeSH
• rozpouštědla chemie   MeSH
• železo chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

3D imaging approaches based on X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) have become increasingly accessible with advancements in methods, instruments and expertise. The synergy of material and life sciences has impacted biomedical research by proposing new tools for investigation. However, data sharing remains challenging as microCT files are usually in the range of gigabytes and require specific and expensive software for rendering and interpretation. Here, we provide an advanced method for visualisation and interpretation of microCT data with small file formats, readable on all operating systems, using freely available Portable Document Format (PDF) software. Our method is based on the conversion of volumetric data into interactive 3D PDF, allowing rotation, movement, magnification and setting modifications of objects, thus providing an intuitive approach to analyse structures in a 3D context. We describe the complete pipeline from data acquisition, data processing and compression, to 3D PDF formatting on an example of craniofacial anatomical morphology in the mouse embryo. Our procedure is widely applicable in biological research and can be used as a framework to analyse volumetric data from any research field relying on 3D rendering and CT-biomedical imaging.

• MeSH
• anatomické modely MeSH
• automatizované zpracování dat MeSH
• komprese dat statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lebka anatomie a histologie   embryologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• obličejové kosti anatomie a histologie   embryologie   MeSH
• rentgenová mikrotomografie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rentgenový obraz - interpretace počítačová MeSH
• šíření informací metody   MeSH
• software * MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Although dysarthria is a common pattern in multiple sclerosis (MS), the contribution of specific brain areas to key factors of dysarthria remains unknown. Speech data were acquired from 123 MS patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ranging from 1 to 6.5 and 60 matched healthy controls. Results of computerized acoustic analyses of subtests on spastic and ataxic aspects of dysarthria were correlated with MRI-based brain volume measurements. Slow articulation rate during reading was associated with bilateral white and grey matter loss whereas reduced maximum speed during oral diadochokinesis was related to greater cerebellar involvement. Articulation rate showed similar correlation to whole brain atrophy (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) as the standard clinical scales such as EDSS (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). Our results support the critical role of the pyramidal tract and cerebellum in the modification of motor speech timing in MS.

• MeSH
• atrofie diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• čtení MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dysartrie diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• šedá hmota diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The short stature homeobox-containing gene (SHOX) plays an important role in bone development and growth. We aimed to assess bone geometry and volumetric bone mineral density at the radius in patients with isolated SHOX deficiency and to relate these bone parameters to the severity of disproportion between the upper and the lower body segment. 17 patients with isolated SHOX deficiency (median age 12.3 yrs, range 6.7-37.2, 12 children and 5 adults) were examined by peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) at the non-dominant forearm. Results were expressed as Z-scores using published reference data. Linear regression analyses were performed to describe associations between pQCT parameters and the severity of disproportion expressed as sitting height to standing subischial leg height ratio. Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the distal radius was normal, whereas cortical vBMD was decreased (mean Z-scores 0.34±1.5, n.s., and -2.2±2.2, p<0.001, respectively). Total bone cross-sectional area was enlarged at the diaphysis (2.1±1.2, p<0.001), while cortical bone cross-sectional area was normal (-0.51±1.4, n.s.). Consequently, cortical thickness was decreased (-1.2±1.3, p<0.01). The polar strength-strain index as a surrogate of long bone strength was normal (0.40±1.4, n.s.). We found no associations between pQCT parameters and the severity of disproportion. Conclusions: Patients with isolated SHOX deficiency are characterized by decreased cortical vBMD and cortical thickness and enlarged diaphysis. As similar changes have been described in girls with Turner syndrome, these findings suggest that haploinsufficiency of SHOX could cause characteristic skeletal anomalies at the radius.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• diafýzy radiografie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• haploinsuficience * MeSH
• homeodoménové proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kostní denzita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• poruchy růstu genetika   metabolismus   patofyziologie   radiografie   MeSH
• radius metabolismus   radiografie   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• vývoj dítěte * MeSH
• vývoj kostí * MeSH
• vývoj mladistvých * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To compare clinical and MRI parameters between patients with clinically isolated syndrome and those converting to clinically definite multiple sclerosis within 2 years, to identify volumetric MRI predictors of this conversion and to assess effect of early relapses. METHODS: The SET study comprised 220 patients with clinically isolated syndrome treated with interferon beta (mean age, 29 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale, 1.5). Three patients with missing data were excluded from the analysis. Physical disability, time to clinically definite multiple sclerosis and volumetric MRI data were recorded for 2 years. RESULTS: Patients reaching clinically definite multiple sclerosis showed impaired recovery of neurological function, faster decrease in corpus callosum cross-sectional area, higher T2 lesion volume and more contrast-enhancing lesions. Six-month decrease in corpus callosum cross-sectional area (≥ 1%) and baseline T2 lesion volume (≥ 5 cm(3)) predicted clinically definite multiple sclerosis within 2 years (hazard ratios 2.5 and 1.8, respectively). Of 22 patients fulfilling both predictive criteria, 83% reached clinically definite multiple sclerosis (hazard ratio 6.5). More relapses were associated with poorer recovery of neurological function and accelerated brain atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Neurological impairment is more permanent, brain atrophy is accelerated and focal inflammatory activity is greater in patients converting to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Six-month corpus callosum atrophy and baseline T2 lesion volume jointly help predict individual risk of clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Early relapses contribute to permanent damage of the central nervous system.

• MeSH
• corpus callosum patologie   MeSH
• demyelinizační nemoci diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interferon beta terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Cíl: Narůstá počet studií, ve kterých bylo prokázáno, že lidé, kteří jsou od narození slepí, mají pravděpodobně určité změny v mozku, ačkoli neuroanatomické a funkční dopady monokulární slepoty s pozdním nástupem (late-onset monocular blindness; LMB) nejsou dobře známy. Cílem naší studie bylo měření objemů mozkových struktur u jedinců s LMB a jejich srovnání s hodnotami u zdravých jedinců s cílem prozkoumat vlastní neuroadaptivní mechanizmy. Materiál a metodika: Byla hodnocena skupina 13 pacientů s LMB po úrazu jednoho oka a kontrolní skupina 13 subjektů, kteří věkem a pohlavím odpovídali pacientům s LMB. Všichni účastníci studie podstoupili kompletní oftalmologické vyšetření. Pomocí 1,5T zařízení byla u všech subjektů provedena MR mozku a volumetrická data byla analyzována pomocí postupů MRIvolBrain a MRICloud. Výsledky: V porovnání se zdravými kontrolami jedinci s LMB vykazovali významně vyšší objem nucleus accumbens a nižší objem středního okcipitálního gyru a cuneu (Cu). Statistická analýza slepých očí a očí se zrakem u jedinců s LMB ukázala nízký poměr cornu ammonis k intrakraniální dutině a nízký objem Cu na straně slepých očí. Při srovnání mozkových objemů na straně očí se zrakem u lidí s LMB a ipsilaterálních mozkových objemů u kontrol jsme zjistili nižší objem supramarginálního gyru a vyšší objem subicula ve skupině LMB než v kontrolní skupině. Závěr: LMB pravděpodobně vede k strukturním změnám v určitých oblastech mozku, např. v limbickém systému a zrakovém kortexu, což potenciálně hraje roli v neuroadaptivních mechanizmech.

Aim: An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that persons who are blind from birth may have some alterations in the brain, although the neuroanatomical and functional effects of late-onset monocular blindness (LMB) are not well known. In our study, we aimed to measure the volumes of cerebral structures in LMB individuals and compare with healthy subjects, in order to investigate the underlying neuro-adaptive mechanisms. Material and methods: A study group with 13 LMB patients due to an isolated ocular trauma and a control group with the 13 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were evaluated. All participants underwent a full ophthalmological examination. Brain MRI examination of the participants was performed using a 1.5-T MRI device and volumetric data were analyzed through the MRIvolBrain and MRICloud procedures. Results: Compared with healthy controls, individuals with LMB showed significantly increased accumbens volumes and decreased volumes of the middle occipital gyrus and cuneus (Cu). In the statistical analysis between the blind eyes and sighted eyes of LMB individuals, the ratio of cornu ammonis to the intracranial cavity and Cu volumes were low on the blind side. In a comparison of cerebral volumes on the sighted side of the LMB group and ipsilateral cerebral volumes of controls, we found lower supramarginal gyrus volumes, higher subiculum volumes in the LMB group than in the control group. Conclusion: LMB may lead to structural alterations in specific brain regions, such as the limbic system and visual cortex, which play a potential role in neuro-adaptive mechanisms.

• Klíčová slova
• zobrazení mozkových struktur, mozkové objemy, pozdní nástup,
• MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurozobrazování * metody   MeSH
• slepota * patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH