Three experiments were conducted with a volunteer to test the kinetics of the 222Rn exhalation after a short-time exposure to an elevated 222Rn air concentration. Radon concentration in an exhaled air was measured, complemented by whole body counting of 222Rn decay products in a body. Exhaled activities are compared with the prediction of the recent ICRP biokinetic model for radon. While a rapid equilibration of the exhaled radon activity concentration with that in the air inhaled corresponded with the model, the measured 222Rn exhalation rate was significantly less than modelled. Five hours after termination of the inhalation phase, the radon concentration in the exhaled air decreased to levels expected for non-elevated indoor radon activity concentration. Whole body activities of the 222Rn decay products were found higher than expected. Inhalation of the unattached fraction or residual activity of decay products in the air inhaled may be the explanation.
- MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza MeSH
- radon * analýza MeSH
- vydechnutí MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí * analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: The most common injuries to the upper cervical spine are fractures of the dens axis. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to answer three questions, namely (1) whether the size of the dens is adequate at all levels to accommodate two screws, (2) what the angle of the posterior tilt of the dens is in a healthy individual and (3) compare the measured variables between the sexes. METHODS: The cohort comprised 50 males and 50 females CT examination of the craniocervical junction. We measured the five diameters of the dens and posterior dens angulation angle (PDAA) and screw insertion angle (SIA). The same dimensions were measured in a control group, consisting of 40 non-pathological second cervical vertebrae specimens. RESULTS: On CT scans, the mean PDAA was 162.7 degrees in males and 160.26 degrees in females; the mean SIA was 62.0 degrees in males and 60.2 degrees in females. On specimens, the mean PDAA was 169.47 degrees in males and 166.95 degrees in females; the mean SIA was 65.42 degrees in males and 64.47 degrees in females. All obtained values were higher in males; regardless of their measuring on either CT scans or specimens, differences between males and females were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in a, c, d and e values. CONCLUSIONS: The values of our measurements correlate with the dimensions identified previously in other studies. Based on our clinical experience and measurements, we presume that two 3.5-mm screws can be inserted into the dens of all adult patients, except for those with pronounced anatomical anomalies. Posterior dens angulation angle is slightly larger than we expected. The dens is significantly larger in males almost in all measurement. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
- MeSH
- dens axis * anatomie a histologie chirurgie MeSH
- fraktury páteře * patologie chirurgie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kostní šrouby MeSH
- krční obratle * anatomie a histologie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- vnitřní fixace fraktury MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
European Radiation Dosimetry Group e.V. (EURADOS) survey on individual monitoring data and dose assessment has been carried out for 550 foreigners returning home after being exposed in Japan to intakes of radionuclides (mainly (131)I, (132)I, (132)Te, (134)Cs and (137)Cs) as a consequence of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident. In vivo and in vitro measurements were performed in their respective countries at an early stage after that accident. Intakes of radionuclides were detected in 208 persons from Europe and Canada, but the committed effective dose E(50) was below the annual dose limit for the public (<1 mSv) in all the cases. Lessons learned from this EURADOS survey are presented here regarding not only internal dosimetry issues, but also the management of the emergency situation, the perception of the risk of health effects due to radiation and the communication with exposed persons who showed anxiety and lack of trust in monitoring data and dose assessments.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cestování MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- havárie elektrárny Fukušima * MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- jaderné elektrárny MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování radiace metody MeSH
- náhlé příhody MeSH
- radiační ochrana metody MeSH
- radioizotopy cesia analýza MeSH
- radioizotopy jodu analýza MeSH
- radiometrie MeSH
- tsunami MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí analýza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Japonsko MeSH
- Kanada MeSH
Rapid measurement techniques are required for a large-scale emergency monitoring of people. In vivo measurement of the bremsstrahlung radiation produced by incorporated pure-beta emitters can offer a rapid technique for the determination of such radionuclides in the human body. This work presents a method for the calibration of spectrometers, based on the use of UPh-02T (so-called IGOR) phantom and specific (90)Sr/(90)Y sources, which can account for recent as well as previous contaminations. The process of the whole- and partial-body counter calibration in combination with application of a Monte Carlo code offers readily extension also to other pure-beta emitters and various exposure scenarios.
- MeSH
- beta částice MeSH
- celotělové počítání přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- elektromagnetické záření MeSH
- fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
- monitorování radiace přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- radiační ochrana přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- radioizotopy stroncia analýza MeSH
- radioizotopy ytria analýza MeSH
- radionuklidy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A simple hemispherical phantom has been designed and prepared for the EURADOS intercomparison exercise on (241)Am activity determination in the skull (2011-13). The phantom consists of three parts that substitute bone and soft tissues. (241)Am is deposited on the surfaces of the bone-substituting part. The design and assumed composition of phantom parts are discussed. A preparation of the voxel representation of the phantom is described. The spectrum of a real measurement of the physical phantom agrees well with the simulation. The physical phantom, and its voxel representation, is provided to the participants of the intercomparison exercise.
- MeSH
- americium analýza MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
- fotony MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň MeSH
- lebka účinky záření MeSH
- metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
- monitorování radiace metody MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- polyurethany chemie MeSH
- radiometrie metody normy MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
An internal contamination with (241)Am was detected in a worker during a routine monitoring of workers from a company producing Am sources for smoke detectors and Am-Be neutron sources. During the 4-year period after the exposure, the number of urine and faecal samples from the worker were analysed; in vivo measurements were also performed. Specific values for absorption parameters of the human respiratory tract model and particle transport values were applied to improve the model fit to the measurement data. A good agreement of the bioassay data with the so-modified model predictions was obtained.
- MeSH
- americium farmakokinetika moč MeSH
- biotest MeSH
- celotělové počítání MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň účinky záření MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obsah radioaktivních látek v organizmu MeSH
- plíce účinky záření MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- pracovní expozice analýza MeSH
- relativní biologická účinnost MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIM: Water-aided insertion as an alternative colonoscopy technique reduces patient discomfort. Warm water has been used in most published trials, but the use of cool water is easier and, if equally effective, could support the use of the water-aided technique in routine practice. METHOD: A double-blind, randomized, single-centre study was performed in which 201 patients were randomized to either cool (20-24 °C) or warm (37 °C) water immersion insertion. The primary outcome was caecal intubation time. The success rate of minimal sedation and patient discomfort were also assessed. RESULTS: The caecal intubation time for cool and warm water was similar (6.9 ± 3.5 vs 7.0 ± 3.4 min, P = 0.64). The respective success rates of minimal sedation colonoscopy (89.1% vs 90%, P = 1.00) and discomfort (P = 0.51) were no different. All other outcomes except a greater need for abdominal compression in the cool water arm (P = 0.04) were similar including the total procedure time, terminal ileum intubation rate, adenoma detection, length of the inserted scope, water volume, non-standard position rate, difficulty of the procedure and the patient's temperature sensation. CONCLUSION: The use of cool water did not modify the caecal intubation time compared with warm water. Exception for abdominal compression, all other end-points were no different. Cool water immersion is an alternative to the technically more demanding warm water immersion colonoscopy.
- MeSH
- bolesti břicha etiologie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cékum MeSH
- délka operace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hypnotika a sedativa aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- katetrizace * MeSH
- kolonoskopie škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- teplota * MeSH
- voda MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
