BACKGROUND: Endoluminal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been promoted as palliative treatment for patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in order to improve biliary drainage and eventually prolong survival. No high level evidence is, however, available on this technique. DESIGN: In this randomised controlled study, we compared endoluminal RFA plus stenting with stenting alone (control group) in patients with malignant biliary obstruction; metal stents were primarily placed. Primary outcome was overall survival; secondary outcomes were stent patency, quality of life and adverse events. In a superiority design, survival was assumed to be doubled by RFA as compared with 6.4 months in the control group (n=280). RESULTS: A total of 161 patients (male:female 90:71, mean age 71±9 years) were randomised before recruitment was terminated for futility after an interim analysis. Eighty-five patients had CCA (73 hilar, 12 distal) and 76 had pancreatic cancer. There was no difference in survival in both subgroups: for patients with CCA, median survival was 10.5 months (95% CI 6.7 to 18.3) in the RFA group vs 10.6 months (95% CI 9.0 to 24.8), p=0.58)) in the control group. In the subgroup with pancreatic cancer, median survival was 6.4 months (95% CI 4.3 to 9.7) for the RFA vs 7.7 months (95% CI 5.6 to 11.3), p=0.73) for the control group. No benefit was seen in the RFA group with regard to stent patency (at 12 months 40% vs 36% in CCA and 66% vs 65% in PDAC), and quality of life was unchanged by either treatment and comparable between the groups. Adverse events occurred in seven patients in each groups. CONCLUSION: A combination of endoluminal RFA and stenting was not superior to stenting alone in prolonging survival or improving stent patency in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03166436.
- MeSH
- cholangiokarcinom * MeSH
- cholestáza * etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- katetrizační ablace * škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní * komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- nádory žlučových cest * komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- radiofrekvenční ablace * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stenty škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- žlučové cesty intrahepatální chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
The research of novel implantable medical devices is one of the most attractive, yet complex areas in the biomedical field. The design and development of sufficiently small devices working in an in vivo environment is challenging but successful encapsulation of such devices is even more so. Industry-standard methods using glass and titanium are too expensive and tedious, and epoxy or silicone encapsulation is prone to water ingress with cable feedthroughs being the most frequent point of failure. This paper describes a universal and straightforward method for reliable encapsulation of circuit boards that achieves ISO10993 compliance. A two-part PVDF mold was machined using a conventional 3-axis machining center. Then, the circuit board with a hermetic feedthrough was placed in the mold and epoxy resin was injected into the mold under pressure to fill the cavity. Finally, the biocompatibility was further enhanced with an inert P3HT polymer coating which can be easily formulated into an ink. The biocompatibility of the encapsulants was assessed according to ISO10993. The endurance of the presented solution compared to silicone potting and epoxy potting was assessed by submersion in phosphate-buffered saline solution at 37 °C. The proposed method showed superior results to PDMS and simple epoxy potting.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a mini-invasive loco-regional ablation technique that is increasingly being used as a palliative treatment for pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Ablation-triggered immune system stimulation has been proposed as a mechanism behind the systemic effects of RFA. The aim of our study was to investigate the immune response to endoluminal biliary RFA. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma randomised to receive endoluminal biliary radiofrequency ablation + stent (19 patients) or stent only (21 patients). We observed an early increase in IL-6 levels and a delayed increase in CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL11 levels as well as an increase in CD8+ and NK cells. However, these changes were not specific to RFA treatment. Explicitly in response to RFA, we observed a delayed increase in serum CXCL1 levels and an early decrease in the number of anti-inflammatory CD206+ blood monocytes. Our study provides the first evidence of endoluminal biliary RFA-based regulation of the systemic immune response in patients with pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. These changes were characterised by a general inflammatory response. RFA-specific activation of the adaptive immune system was not confirmed.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- diagnostické techniky gastrointestinální * MeSH
- endoskopie trávicího systému metody MeSH
- klinické rozhodování MeSH
- komunitní zdravotní střediska organizace a řízení MeSH
- laparoskopie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezioborová komunikace MeSH
- nádory trávicího systému chirurgie diagnóza terapie MeSH
- nemoci trávicího systému * chirurgie diagnóza terapie MeSH
- týmová péče o pacienty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- rozhovory MeSH
V následující kazuistice prezentujeme případ 31letého pacienta vyšetřovaného pro podezření na nádor tenkého střeva. Nádory tenkého střeva jsou samy o sobě relativně vzácné a k definitivní diagnóze mnohdy dochází až po chirurgické resekci. Stejně tomu bylo i u našeho pacienta vyšetřovaného pro nález měkkotkáňového útvaru v oblasti tenkého střeva dle zobrazovacích vyšetření. Po vyloučení hormonální aktivity byla provedena diagnostická laparotomie. Histopatologicky byl zjištěn vzácný nádor mezenteria – desmoidní fibromatóza. Jedná se o nádor bez metastatického potenciálu se středně maligním potenciálem pro agresivní růst do okolních struktur a orgánů a velké procento lokálních recidiv.
In the following report, we present the case of a 31-year-old patient examined for a suspected small bowel tumour. Small bowel tumours are relatively rare and definitive diagnosis is often preceded by surgical resection. The same was true for our patient examined for a soft tissue lesion found with imaging techniques in close proximity to the small intestine. After ruling out hormonal activity, diagnostic laparotomy was performed. Desmoid fibromatosis, a rare tumour of the mesentery, was confirmed histopathologically. Although without metastatic potential, desmoid fibromatosis is a tumour with moderately malignant potential for aggressive growth into surrounding structures and organs and a large percentage of local recurrences.
- MeSH
- agresivní fibromatóza * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezenterium chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- střevní nádory * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- tenké střevo chirurgie patologie MeSH
- vzácné nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Autoimunitní pankreatitida je specifickou formou chronického zánětlivého onemocnění slinivky břišní. Svými klinickými projevy může imitovat i maligní onemocnění pankreatu, a proto je pro stanovení diagnózy nezbytný multidisciplinární přístup. Autoimunitní pankreatitidu lze diagnostikovat na základě kombinace klinických příznaků, zobrazovacích a endoskopických metod, sérologického a v neposlední řadě histopatologického vyšetření. Klinicky a histomorfologicky existují dvě různé formy autoimunitní pankreatitidy – typ 1 a typ 2. První typ je lymfoplazmocytární sklerotizující pankreatitida a u druhého typu se jedná o idiopatickou centroduktální sklerotizující pankreatitidu. Onemocnění probíhá nejčastěji ve formě chronické pankreatitidy a akutními exacerbacemi. Autoři v tomto článku prezentují dvě kazuistiky pacientů operovaných pro podezření na maligní postižení pankreatu, u kterých až následně na základě histopatologického vyšetření byla diagnostikována autoimunitní pankreatitida. Cílem sdělení je proto poukázat na diagnostická úskalí tohoto onemocnění. Chirurgická léčba není dle současných doporučení považována za standardní léčebný postup.
Autoimmune pancreatitis is a specific type of chronic pancreatitis. Its clinical manifestation mimics pancreatic cancer. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to establish the correct diagnosis. Autoimmune pancreatitis can be diagnosed on the basis of symptomatology, imaging methods, endoscopy, serology and histopathological examination. There are two different forms of autoimmune pancreatitis – type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis and type 2 is idiopathic centroductal sclerosing pancreatitis. The disease most often takes a chronic form with acute exacerbations. In this paper we present two case reports of patients operated on for suspected malignancy of the pancreas, who were subsequently diagnosed with autoimmune pancreatitis based on histopathological examination. The aim of this communication is to point out the diagnostic pitfalls of this disease. Surgical treatment is not considered as a standard therapeutic method according to the current guidelines.
- MeSH
- autoimunitní tyreoiditida * chirurgie diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- imunoglobulin G krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenektomie MeSH
- pankreatektomie MeSH
- prednison aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- splenektomie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
The human gut microbiota consists of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. It is a dynamic ecosystem shaped by several factors that play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. A disturbance of the gut microbiota, also termed "dysbiosis", is associated with increased host susceptibility to a range of diseases. Because of splanchnic ischemia, exposure to antibiotics, and/or the underlying disease, critically ill patients loose 90% of the commensal organisms in their gut within hours after the insult. This is followed by a rapid overgrowth of potentially pathogenic and pro-inflammatory bacteria that alter metabolic, immune, and even neurocognitive functions and that turn the gut into the driver of systemic inflammation and multiorgan failure. Indeed, restoring healthy microbiota by means of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the critically ill is an attractive and plausible concept in intensive care. Nonetheless, available data from controlled studies are limited to probiotics and FMT for severe C. difficile infection or severe inflammatory bowel disease. Case series and observational trials have generated hypotheses that FMT might be feasible and safe in immunocompromised patients, refractory sepsis, or severe antibiotic-associated diarrhea in ICU. There is a burning need to test these hypotheses in randomized controlled trials powered for the determination of patient-centered outcomes.
- MeSH
- dysbióza epidemiologie mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- fekální transplantace metody MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty epidemiologie mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- kritický stav epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průjem epidemiologie mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a routinely used, safe, and effective method for the tissue destruction. Often, in case of its application in malignant conditions, the extent of tissue destruction is insufficient due to the size of the target lesion, as well as due to the risk of heat-induced damage to the surrounding organs. Nevertheless, there are conditions requiring superficial precise-depth ablation with preservation of deeper layers. These are represented, for example, by mucosal resurfacing in case of Barrett's esophagus or treatment of recurrent mucosal bleeding in case of chronic radiation proctitis. Recently, new indications for intraluminal RFA use emerged, especially in the pancreatobiliary tract. In the case of intraductal use of RFA (e.g., biliary and pancreatic tract), there are currently available rigid and needle tip catheters. An expandable balloon-based RFA catheter suitable for use in such small-diameter tubular organs could be of benefit due to possible increase of contact between the probe and the target tissue; however, to prevent excessive tissue damage, a compatible generator suitable for low-impedance catheter/tissue is essential. This project aimed to develop a radiofrequency ablation generator and bipolar balloon-based catheter optimized for the application in the conditions of low-impedance tissue and (micro)endoluminal environment. Subsequent evaluation of biological effect in vivo was performed using duodenal mucosa in Wistar rat representing conditions of endoluminal radiofrequency ablation of low-impedance tissue. Experiments confirming the safety and feasibility of RFA with our prototype devices were conducted.
Malignant melanoma is commonly known for its high probability of metastasizing to distant organs. Metastases to gastrointestinal tract are well documented, but resulting jaundice is only scarcely seen. We present a case of histologically verified metastasis of amelanotic melanoma to the head of pancreas infiltrating the common bile duct and consequently causing obstructive jaundice which constituted its first clinical manifestation. Multidisciplinary approach is essential in patients with malignant melanoma since early detection of the melanoma or its metastases may improve patients' clinical outcome, especially owing to the use of targeted biological treatment without any delay.
- MeSH
- amelanotický melanom * diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory ductus choledochus * MeSH
- nádory kůže * komplikace diagnóza MeSH
- obstrukční žloutenka * etiologie MeSH
- pankreas MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
