OBJECTIVE: Despite availability of an array of antihypertensive drugs, malignant hypertension remains a life-threatening condition, and new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of malignant hypertension and malignant hypertension-associated organ damage are needed. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of nitric oxide (NO)-independent soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) stimulator on the course of malignant hypertension. The second aim was to investigate if the treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor would augment the expected beneficial actions of the sGC stimulation on the course of malignant hypertension. METHODS: As a model of malignant hypertension, Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) treated with nonspecific NO synthase inhibitor (Nω-nitro- l -arginine methyl ester, l -NAME) was used. Blood pressure (BP) was monitored by radiotelemetry, and the treatment was started 3 days before administration of l -NAME. RESULTS: The treatment with sGC stimulator BAY 41-8543, alone or combined with SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin, abolished malignant hypertension-related mortality in TGR receiving l -NAME. These two treatment regimens also prevented BP increases after l -NAME administration in TGR, and even decreased BP below values observed in control TGR, and prevented cardiac dysfunction and malignant hypertension-related morbidity. The treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin did not further augment the beneficial actions of sGC stimulator on the course of malignant hypertension-related mortality. CONCLUSION: The treatment with NO-independent sGC stimulator displayed marked protective actions on the course of malignant hypertension-related mortality and malignant hypertension-related cardiac damage. This suggests that application of sGC stimulator could be a promising therapeutic means for the treatment of malignant hypertension.
- MeSH
- benzhydrylové sloučeniny farmakologie MeSH
- glifloziny MeSH
- glukosidy farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypertenze maligní * prevence a kontrola farmakoterapie MeSH
- krevní tlak účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- morfoliny MeSH
- NG-nitroargininmethylester farmakologie MeSH
- potkani transgenní MeSH
- pyrazoly * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- pyrimidiny * terapeutické užití farmakologie MeSH
- rozpustná guanylátcyklasa * metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Heart transplantation (HTx) is an established therapeutic option for children with end-stage heart failure. Comprehensive pediatric nationwide HTx program was introduced in 2014 in the Czech Republic. The aim of this study was to evaluate its mid-term characteristics and outcomes and to compare them with international data. METHODS: Retrospective observational study, including all patients who underwent HTx from June 2014 till December 2022. Data from the institutional database were used for descriptive statistics and survival analyses. RESULTS: A total of 30 HTx were performed in 29 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD, N = 15, single ventricular physiology in 10 patients) and cardiomyopathy (CMP, N = 14). Ten patients were bridged to HTx by durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) for a mean duration of 104 (SD 89) days. There was one early and one late death during median follow-up of 3.3 (IQR 1.3-6.1) years. Survival probability at 5 years after HTx was 93%. Two patients underwent re-transplantation (one of them in an adult center). Significant rejection-free survival at 1, 3, and 6 years after HTx was 76%, 63%, and 63%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The introduced pediatric HTx program reflects the complexity of the treated population, with half of the patients having complex CHD and one-third being bridged to HTx by LVADs. Mid-term results are comparable to worldwide data. The data confirm the possibility of establishing a successful nationwide pediatric HTx program in a relatively small population country with well-developed pediatric cardiovascular care and other transplantation programs.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kardiomyopatie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- podpůrné srdeční systémy * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- srdeční selhání * chirurgie MeSH
- transplantace srdce * MeSH
- vrozené srdeční vady * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
All anthracyclines, including doxorubicin (DOXO), the most common and still indispensable drug, exhibit cardiotoxicity with inherent risk of irreversible cardiomyopathy leading to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Current pharmacological strategies are clearly less effective for this type of HFrEF, hence an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. The prerequisite for success is thorough understanding of pathophysiology of this HFrEF form, which requires an appropriate animal model of the disease. The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterise a novel model of HF with cardiorenal syndrome, i.e. DOXO-induced HFrEF with nephrotic syndrome, in which DOXO was administered to Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) via five intravenous injections in a cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight (BW). Our analysis included survival, echocardiography, as well as histological examination of the heart and kidneys, blood pressure, but also a broad spectrum of biomarkers to evaluate cardiac remodelling, fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and more. We have shown that the new model adequately mimics the cardiac remodelling described as "eccentric chamber atrophy" and myocardial damage typical for DOXO-related cardiotoxicity, without major damage of the peritoneum, lungs and liver. This pattern corresponds well to a clinical situation of cancer patients receiving anthracyclines, where HF develops with some delay after the anticancer therapy. Therefore, this study may serve as a comprehensive reference for all types of research on DOXO-related cardiotoxicity, proving especially useful in the search for new therapeutic strategies.
- MeSH
- doxorubicin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků patofyziologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- nefrotický syndrom * chemicky indukované farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- potkani transgenní * MeSH
- protinádorová antibiotika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- srdeční selhání * chemicky indukované patofyziologie MeSH
- tepový objem * účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- dárci tkání MeSH
- dlouhodobá péče MeSH
- hypertenze etiologie MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
- kontraindikace léčebného výkonu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- pooperační péče metody MeSH
- rejekce štěpu MeSH
- srdeční selhání * chirurgie MeSH
- transplantace srdce * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Úvod: Těhotenství u pacientek s preexistující kardiomyopatií se systolickou dysfunkcí levé komory srdeční nebo po ortotopické transplantaci srdce (OTS) je rizikové pro matku i dítě. Proto je ve většině případů nedoporučujeme. Avšak ve vybraných případech lze těhotenství nechat proběhnout s vědomím zvýšeného rizika. Cílem této práce je analyzovat soubor pacientek se srdečním selháním nebo po transplantaci srdce, které úspěšně absolvovaly těhotenství a porod živého plodu během sledování na našem pracovišti. Metody: Pacientky jsme retrospektivně identifikovali v klinickém informačním systému IKEM a zpracovali jsme jejich klinická data a výsledky pomocných vyšetření. Výsledky: Celkem jsme zaznamenali devět těhotenství u osmi žen s preexistující kardiomyopatií. Ve většině případů šlo o dilatační kardiomyopatii (šest pacientek, 75 %). Ejekční frakce levé komory (EF LKS) byla v mezích normy nebo lehce snížená v 56 % případů (pět těhotenství), středně snížená ve dvou případech (22 %) a v pásmu těžké dysfunkce ve dvou dalších případech (22 %), kde jsme těhotenství nedoporučovali. Nebylo doporučeno ani těhotenství u ženy s hypertrofickou kardiomyopatií a silně pozitivní rodinnou anamnézou zahrnující úmrtí bratra na srdeční selhání a OTS u matky. Později byla v rodině zjištěna Danonova nemoc. Během těhotenství s preexistující kardiomyopatií a v následujícím roce po porodu jsme zaznamenali dvě dekompenzace srdečního selhání, jednu dekompenzaci arteriální hypertenze a dvě tranzitorní ischemické ataky. Kardiovaskulární příhoda komplikovala pět těhotenství (55 %). Ve čtyřech případech (44 %) byl pozorován pokles EF LKS ≥ 10 % po roce sledování. V pozdějším období byla u ženy s Danonovou nemocí nutná srdeční transplantace, nedošlo k žádnému úmrtí. Dále jsme zaznamenali čtyři porody po OTS, které měly kromě jedné epizody preeklampsie nekomplikovaný průběh s narozením čtyř hypotrofických, ale jinak zdravých dětí. Medián od OTS do porodu byl 68 měsíců. Další sledování bylo bez významnějších komplikací, ženy jsou naživu se sledováním 49-118 měsíců po porodu. Závěry: Díky moderní léčbě srdečního selhání je možné nechat proběhnout těhotenství i u žen s neischemickými kardiomyopatiemi a dysfunkcí levé komory srdeční. Těhotenství je možné také u vybraných žen po OTS, nicméně vzhledem k složité biologické situaci a prognostickým aspektům jej u těchto pacientek nedoporučujeme.
Introduction: Pregnancy in females with pre-existing cardiomyopathy with left-ventricular systolic dysfunction and/or after heart transplantation is associated with risks for both the mother and the child. Thus, it is not recommended in the majority of patients. However, in selected cases, with awareness of the risks, pregnancy may be considered. We aimed to analyse a group of patients with heart failure and/or after heart transplantation (HTx) who were pregnant and gave birth to a living new-born during follow-up in our institution. Methods: Patients were found in the clinical database of IKEM retrospectively. Clinical and para-clinical data were analysed. Results: Nine pregnancies in eight females with pre-existing cardiomyopathy were identifi ed. Most patients had dilated cardiomyopathy (75%), their left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was normal or mildly reduced in 56%, moderately reduced in 22%, and severely reduced in 22%. Pregnancy was not recommended in females with severe left-ventricular systolic dysfunction and also in a female with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a strong family history with death due to heart failure in her brother and necessity of HTx in her mother, which was subsequently diagnosed with Danon disease. During pregnancies with pre-existing cardiomyopathy and twelve months postpartum we recorded two episodes of decompensated heart failure, one episode of decompensated arterial hypertension and two transient ischemic attacks. Taken together, cardiovascular events complicated 55% of these pregnancies. We observed a decrease in LVEF ≥10% in 44% of pregnancies after one year. Subsequently, the female with Danon disease required HTx. There was no maternal death. In addition, we recorded four deliveries after HTx, which were except of one episode of preeclampsia uncomplicated and gave birth to four hypotrophic, but healthy babies. Median time from HTx to delivery was 68 months, subsequent period was uneventful, all four females are alive with a follow-up of 49–118 months after delivery. Conclusions: Contemporary therapeutic modalities of heart failure lead in most patients with dilated cardiomyopathy to at least temporary improvement of left-ventricular systolic function outside the range of severe systolic dysfunction, which enables in selected cases birth of living fetus. Pregnancy is possible also in highly selected females after HTx. However, due to their complicated biological situation and prognostic aspects, we do not recommend pregnancy in this setting.
- MeSH
- dilatační kardiomyopatie komplikace MeSH
- dysfunkce levé srdeční komory komplikace MeSH
- kardiovaskulární komplikace v těhotenství MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- narození živého dítěte MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
- rizikové těhotenství * MeSH
- srdeční selhání * komplikace MeSH
- transplantace srdce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The role of metformin (MET) in the treatment of patients with advanced HFrEF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is not firmly established. We studied the impact of MET on metabolic profile, quality of life (QoL) and survival in these patients. A total of 847 stable patients with advanced HFrEF (57.4 ± 11.3 years, 67.7% NYHA III/IV, LVEF 23.6 ± 5.8%) underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation and were prospectively followed for a median of 1126 (IQRs 410; 1781) days for occurrence of death, urgent heart transplantation or mechanical circulatory support implantation. A subgroup of 380 patients (44.9%) had DM, 87 of DM patients (22.9%) were treated with MET. Despite worse insulin sensitivity and more severe DM (higher BMI, HbA1c, worse insulin resistance), MET-treated patients exhibited more stable HF marked by lower BNP level (400 vs. 642 ng/l), better LV and RV function, lower mitral and tricuspid regurgitation severity, were using smaller doses of diuretics (all p < 0.05). Further, they had higher eGFR (69.23 vs. 63.34 ml/min/1.73 m2) and better QoL (MLHFQ: 36 vs. 48 points, p = 0.002). Compared to diabetics treated with other glucose-lowering agents, MET-treated patients had better event-free survival even after adjustment for BNP, BMI and eGFR (p = 0.035). Propensity score-matched analysis with 17 covariates yielded 81 pairs of patients and showed a significantly better survival for MET-treated subgroup (p = 0.01). MET treatment in patients with advanced HFrEF and DM is associated with improved outcome by mechanisms beyond the improvement of blood glucose control.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * chemicky indukované komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metformin * terapeutické užití MeSH
- srdeční selhání * MeSH
- tepový objem MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Galectin-3 (GAL3) is linked to the prognosis of patients with heart failure and after heart transplantation (HTx). We assessed the prognostic role of GAL3 in a long-term follow-up after HTx. METHODS: HTx patients (N = 121) were evaluated in a single-center, noninterventional, prospective, observational study. The median follow-up was 96 months (2942 days, interquartile range (IQR) 2408-3264 days), and 40 patients died. GAL3 was measured before HTx, +10 days after HTx, and during the first posttransplant year. Survival analysis (all-cause mortality) was performed with adjustments for clinical and laboratory variables. RESULTS: The median pretransplant GAL3 level was 18.0 μg/L (IQR 14.0-25.9), and higher values were associated with older age, worse kidney function, left ventricular assist device use before HTx, a higher IMPACT score, and mortality. Increased pretransplant GAL3 predicted shorter survival time (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.09-3.85, p < .05). Similar prognostic power had GAL3 on the 10th posttransplant day (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.08-3.82, p < .05). GAL3 was an independent predictor of death after adjustment for clinical variables (age, infection, diabetes, smoking, IMPACT score, and troponin). CONCLUSIONS: GAL3 was significantly associated with all-cause mortality after adjusting for clinical and laboratory variables and may serve as an additional prognostic biomarker.
The aim of the present study was to perform kidney messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) analysis in normotensive, Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) rats and hypertensive, Ren-2 renin transgenic rats (TGR) after doxorubicin-induced heart failure (HF) with specific focus on genes that are implicated in the pathophysiology of HF-associated cardiorenal syndrome. We found that in both strains renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA expressions were upregulated indicating that the vasoconstrictor axis of the renin-angiotensin system was activated. We found that pre-proendothelin-1, endothelin-converting enzyme type 1 and endothelin type A receptor mRNA expressions were upregulated in HanSD rats, but not in TGR, suggesting the activation of endothelin system in HanSD rats, but not in TGR. We found that mRNA expression of cytochrome P-450 subfamily 2C23 was downregulated in TGR and not in HanSD rats, suggesting the deficiency in the intrarenal cytochrome P450-dependent pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in TGR. These results should be the basis for future studies evaluating the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome secondary to chemotherapy-induced HF in order to potentially develop new therapeutic approaches.
- MeSH
- doxorubicin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hypertenze komplikace genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků patofyziologie MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- nemoci ledvin chemicky indukované genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- potkani transgenní MeSH
- protinádorová antibiotika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- regulace genové exprese účinky léků MeSH
- renin-angiotensin systém účinky léků MeSH
- renin genetika MeSH
- srdeční selhání chemicky indukované genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Transplantace srdce (HTx) se stala zavedenou metodou léčby terminálního srdečního selhání. V lednu 2021 uplynulo 37 let od zahájení klinického programu transplantace srdce v Institutu klinické a experimentální medicíny (IKEM). Do konce roku 2020 bylo provedeno 1 242 transplantací srdce. Ke zlepšení výsledků přispělo nejen zdokonalení chirurgické techniky, ale také pokroky v imunosupresivní léčbě. Součástí programu transplantace srdce jsou mechanické srdeční podpory (MSP), které umožňují kriticky selhávajícím nemocným překlenout období do chvíle, než je vhodný dárce srdce („most k transplantaci“). Imunosuprese používaná v současnosti je spojena s velmi dobrým dlouhodobým přežíváním srdečního štěpu, pětiletým u 76 % a desetiletým u 65 % pacientů. Péče o nemocné po transplantaci srdce přináší určité specifické problémy, kterými jsou především odhojování (rejekce) štěpu, infekce, malignity, koronární nemoc štěpu a nežádoucí účinky imunosupresivní profylaxe. Důležitá je spolupráce transplantační ambulance s praktickými lékaři a dalšími odborníky.
Heart transplantation (HTx) is now an established treatment method in patients with end‑stage heart failure. In January 2021 we celebrated 37th anniversary of launching clinical heart transplant program at Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM). Since then, 1,242 heart transplants have been performed by the end of December 2020. Based on our experiences, optimizing outcomes depends not only on improved surgical techniques but also on advances in immunosuppressive therapy. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as apart of heart transplantation programme, they have become ahighly efficient method of maitaining the condition of critically failing patients until asuitable donor can be found (“bridge to transplant“). Current immunosuppressive treatment is associated with very good long‑term survival after HTx, 5 years in 76% and 10 years in 65% of patients. Clinical follow‑up of heart transplant recipients is associated with some specific problems, such as graft rejection, infections, malignancies, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and adverse effects of immunosuppressives. Therefore, long‑term follow up of patients after heart transplantation requires close cooperation between specialized outpatient clinic, practitioners and other specialists.
- MeSH
- ambulantní péče MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kontraindikace léčebného výkonu MeSH
- lékové interakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- transplantace srdce * metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH