The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in the microbiota of milk products during fermentation and storage. Two kinds of Yoghurt, one Kefir, and one Acidophilus milk were observed during the fermentation process and storage using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Cow's, goat's, raw and pasteurized milk were also examined. The most represented organisms in all manufactured products were shown to be those of the phylum Firmicutes. In some products, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were also present in high amounts.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika MeSH
- DNA bakterií chemie genetika MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- kozy MeSH
- kysané mléčné výrobky mikrobiologie MeSH
- mléko MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- skladování potravin MeSH
- skot MeSH
- společenstvo * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The consumption of fruits and vegetables is increasing worldwide because of the positive impact of these foods on human health. Ready-to-eat, raw whole, and frozen fruits and vegetables were purchased from markets and examined for the presence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) using culture, real-time PCR (qPCR), and sequencing. Using qPCR, Mycobacterium sp. at 10(0) to 10(4) ge/g (genome equivalents per gram) was found in almost all of the 178 samples; members of the M. avium complex were found only sporadically. Culture and sequencing revealed the presence of 22 viable NTM isolates in 17 samples. In addition to NTM commonly found in the environment, several rarely described isolates of viable NTM were recovered. The presence of Mycobacterium shigaense, which has been previously isolated only from human patients, was found in lettuce, the first time that this species has been found in an environmental sample. Mycobacterium parmense, Mycobacterium palustre, and Mycobacterium llatzerense, which have been previously isolated from human patients and occasionally from soil and water, were recovered from leafy green vegetables. Strawberries and cut salad mixes contained Mycobacterium algericum, Mycobacterium fallax, and Mycobacterium minnesotense. NTM are primarily nonpathogenic. However, consumption of fruits or vegetables contaminated with NTM could represent a health risk for immunocompromised people, children, and the elderly.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- netuberkulózní mykobakterie * MeSH
- ovoce MeSH
- zelenina * MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was to determine possible differences in the faecal microbiota of dairy cows infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in comparison with noninfected cows from the same herds. Faecal samples from cows in 4 herds were tested for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by real-time PCR, and faecal bacterial populations were analysed by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The most notable differences between shedding and nonshedding cows were an increase in the genus Psychrobacter and a decrease in the genera Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium in cows infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The present study is the first to report the faecal microbial composition in dairy cows infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
- MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- mlékárenství MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- nemoci skotu mikrobiologie MeSH
- paratuberkulóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární MeSH
- skot mikrobiologie MeSH
- vylučování bakterií z těla MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot mikrobiologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Mycobacteria have been isolated from almost all types of natural waters, as well as from man-made water distribution systems. Detection of mycobacteria using PCR has been described in different types of water; however, currently, there is no standardised protocol for the processing of large volumes of water. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present study, different filtering methods are tested and optimised for tap or river water filtration up to 10 L, as well as filter processing and DNA isolation using four commercially available kits. RESULTS: The PowerWater DNA isolation kit (MoBio, USA), together with a kit used for soil and other environmental samples (PowerSoil DNA isolation kit, MoBio), had the highest efficiency. Filtration of 10 L of water and elution of the filter in PBS with the addition of 0.05% of Tween 80 is suggested. CONCLUSIONS: The described protocol for filter elution is recommended, and the use of the PowerWater DNA isolation kit for the highest mycobacterial DNA yield from water samples. The described protocol is suitable for parallel detection of mycobacteria using cultivation.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza MeSH
- filtrace metody MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- mikrobiologie vody * MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- sladká voda mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Prístup k pitnej vode je jedným zo základných predpokladov života. Na to, aby toto mohlo byť zabezpečené je potrebné najskôr zdrojovú vodu upraviť chemickými, biologickými a fyzikálnymi postupmi. Napriek všetkým úpravám sa v pitnej vode vyskytujú rôzne druhy mikroorganizmov, pričom niektoré z nich môžu predstavovať zdravotné riziko pre človeka. Tento prehľadný článok sa zameriava najmä na výskyt améb v úpravniach vody a v pitnej vode a jej význam ako rezervoár netuberkulóznej mykobaktérie. Tieto mykobaktérie pritom môžu predstavovať vážne ohrozenie zdravia ľudí, nakoľko spôsobujú závažné ochorenia kože, dýchacieho systému, lymfatického systému a gastrointestinálneho traktu.
Unrestricted access to drinking water of good quality is one of the basic prerequisite of life. For this to be achieved it is necessary to treat the raw water through chemical, biological and physical methods. However, the water treatment is not exhaustive and some microorganisms are able to overcome it whereby posing a health risk. This review draws attention mainly to the occurrence of free living amoeba at different stages of water treatment and their importance as a reservoir of potentially pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Mycobacteria may present a severe threat to human health considering they cause serious infections to the skin, as well as of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.
- MeSH
- Amoeba * izolace a purifikace mikrobiologie patogenita MeSH
- čištění vody * metody normy MeSH
- gastrointestinální nemoci mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kožní nemoci prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatický systém mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- netuberkulózní mykobakterie izolace a purifikace patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- pitná voda * chemie normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- syndromy imunologické nedostatečnosti mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The aims of this study were to describe spatial contamination of the environment on a mouflon pasture, as well as to assess the contamination of grass and roots after surface contamination and in depth contamination with feces and buried tissues from animals infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. a. paratuberculosis). Samples of soil, roots, and aerial parts of plants were collected from different locations inside the mouflon pasture, and one control sample site was chosen outside the area where the animals are living. M. a. paratuberculosis DNA was present in all the examined sites and was more often detected in roots than in soil. DNA was detected at up to 80 cm of depth and was spatially more widespread than the initial hypothesis of M. a. paratuberculosis leaching vertically into deeper layers of soil. This study broadens our knowledge of the spread and persistence of M. a. paratuberculosis in an environment with highly infected animals.
- MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza mikrobiologie MeSH
- lipnicovité mikrobiologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- nemoci skotu mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- paratuberkulóza mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This study was performed on 40 finished pigs from one herd naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. The aim was to investigate the presence and amount of M. a. avium in samples of lymph nodes and diaphragm tissues collected during routine postmortem inspection using the triplex quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) method. We collected, in total, 107 samples: various lymph nodes affected by gross tuberculosis (TB)-like lesions from 17 pig carcasses, as well as samples of head and mesenteric lymph nodes from 23 carcasses without TB-like lesions. Samples of diaphragm tissues were collected from all carcasses. M. a. avium was detected in one or more tissue samples collected from half of the slaughtered pigs tested. Samples of diaphragm tissues of three pigs with detected TB-like lesions contained M. a. avium (10(2) to 10(3) cells per g of sample); the organism was not detected in diaphragm tissues from pigs without TB-like lesions. The qPCR method may be useful for quantification of M. a. avium in pigs for the purposes of foodborne risk assessment.
- MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin MeSH
- bránice mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci prasat mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- tuberkulóza mikrobiologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
We report a case of a falcon breeding facility, where raptors (both diurnal and nocturnal) were raised in contact with domestic fowl (Gallus gallus f. domesticus) infected by Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. Fecal and environmental samples from 20 raptors and four common ravens (Corvus corax) were collected. Mycobacterium a. avium DNA was detected in feces of four raptors (bald eagle [Haliaeetus leucocephalus], eagle owl [Bubo bubo], barn owl [Tyto alba], and little owl [Athene noctua]) using triplex quantitative real-time PCR. As both the flock of domestic fowl and one of the infected raptors had the same origin (zoological collection), they might have had a common source of colonization/infection. However, the detection of M. a. avium in feces of three other raptors may point at transmission of the agent between the birds in the facility. Contact of raptors with domestic fowl infected by M. a. avium may pose a risk for transmission of the infection for them; however, raptors from the falcon breeding facility seemed to be relatively resistant to the infection.
- MeSH
- Accipitridae * MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- játra mikrobiologie MeSH
- kur domácí * MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- ptačí proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- ptačí tuberkulóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika metabolismus MeSH
- slezina mikrobiologie MeSH
- střeva mikrobiologie MeSH
- Stringiformes * MeSH
- vrány MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
In the current study, the results of an intradermal tuberculin test and a gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assay were compared. IFN-γ release assay is based on the detection of IFN-γ production after in vitro stimulation with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium-specific antigen for the discrimination of pigs naturally infected with M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Fifty-five clinically healthy pigs were used in the study. Three of these were proven by culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods to be infected with M. avium subsp. hominissuis (2 animals) and Mycobacterium xenopi (1 animal). No animals were positive by the tuberculin test. Both M. avium subsp. hominissuis-positive pigs were evaluated as positive by the IFN-γ release assay. Bacteriologically negative and M. xenopi-positive pigs were unresponsive in the IFN-γ release assay, indicating the specificity of the method. The results suggest that the IFN-γ release assay has a higher sensitivity than the tuberculin test and that the assay can be used for diagnosis of M. avium infections in live, naturally infected pigs.
- MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci prasat diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- test pomocí interferonu gama veterinární MeSH
- tuberkulinový test veterinární MeSH
- tuberkulóza diagnóza mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The aim of this work was to examine various purchased meat products and to find out if any traces of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis could be detected in these samples. Analysis of the meat products (raw, cooked, and fermented) was performed using a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for the detection of specific insertion sequences: duplex qPCR for the detection of IS900 specific for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and triplex qPCR for the detection of IS901 specific for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and IS 1245 specific for M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Of the 77 analyzed meat samples, 17 (22%) were found to contain M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA, 4 (5%) samples contained Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium DNA, and in 12 (16%) samples M. avium subsp. hominissuis DNA was detected. The concentration of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. hominissuis DNA in some meat products exceeded 10(4) genomes per g. Culture examination of these mycobacterial subspecies was negative. By analyzing a range of meat products, we have provided evidence to support the hypothesis that M. avium is present in everyday commodities sold to the general public.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- masné výrobky mikrobiologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
