INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest. METHODS: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites. RESULTS: We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain. INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest. METHODS: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites. RESULTS: We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain.
- MeSH
- agrese fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- feces * mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- impulzivní chování * fyziologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné těkavé analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie MeSH
- tryptofan krev metabolismus MeSH
- zločinci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The gut microbiota has recently come to the forefront of scientific interest, particularly due to its broad spectrum of action not only on tissues that it comes into direct contact with, but also - through a variety of agents - on distant tissues and organs. There are a number of previously described mechanisms through which gut-colonizing microorganisms can affect the host's immune or endocrine systems as well as the central nervous system and behaviour of the host. A number of research teams are studying the microbiome in relation to neurological diseases, investigating the possible effect of specific microorganisms and microbial metabolites on the development and progression of these diseases. This publication deals with those diseases that have been most widely studied and described in this context.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osa mozek-střevo * fyziologie genetika MeSH
- parkinsonské poruchy diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- poruchy autistického spektra diagnóza etiologie genetika MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The gut microbiota influences the reactivity of the immune system, and Parabacteroides distasonis has emerged as an anti-inflammatory commensal. Here, we investigated whether its lysate could prevent severe forms of neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice and how this preventive strategy affects the gut microbiota and immune response. Lysate of anaerobically cultured P. distasonis (Pd lysate) was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice in four weekly doses. One week later, EAE was induced and disease severity was assessed three weeks after induction. Fecal microbiota changes in both vehicle- and Pd lysate-treated animals was analyzed by 16S V3-V4 amplicon sequencing and qPCR, antimicrobial peptide expression in the intestinal mucosa was measured by qPCR, and immune cell composition in the mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes was measured by multicolor flow cytometry. Pd lysate significantly delayed the development of EAE and reduced its severity when administered prior to disease induction. EAE induction was the main factor in altering the gut microbiota, decreasing the abundance of lactobacilli and segmented filamentous bacteria. Pd lysate significantly increased the intestinal abundance of the genera Anaerostipes, Parabacteroides and Prevotella, and altered the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal mucosa. It significantly increased the frequency of regulatory T cells, induced an anti-inflammatory milieu in mesenteric lymph nodes, and reduced the activation of T cells at the priming site. Pd lysate prevents severe forms of EAE by triggering a T regulatory response and modulating T cell priming to autoantigens. Pd lysate could thus be a future modulator of neuroinflammation that increases the resistance to multiple sclerosis.
- MeSH
- Bacteroidetes imunologie MeSH
- encefalomyelitida autoimunitní experimentální * imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL * MeSH
- myši MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * imunologie MeSH
- střevní sliznice imunologie mikrobiologie metabolismus MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
nestr.
Narkolepsie typ 1 (NT1), narkolepsie typ 2 (NT2) a idiopatická hypersomnie (IH) mají hlavní symptom centrální hypersomnii (CH). Etiopatofyziologie NT1 je spojena s deficitem hypokretinu autoimunitního původu. Etiopatofyziologie NT2 a IH je neznámá. Jsou pochybnosti o nezávislosti NT2 a IH a o jejich dlouhodobém průběhu. Střevní microbiota má vliv na mozkové funkce a chování buď přímo přes tvorbu mediátorů nebo nepřímo prostřednictvím autoprotilátek proti vybraným neuronům. Lze proto vyslovit hypotézu, že microbiota hraje roli v etiopatofyziologii nemocí s CH a může modifikovat aktuální intenzitu samotné hypersomnie. Nemocní s CH a zdravé kontroly budou klinicky vyšetřeni (včetně dlouhodobého vývoje NT2 a IH). Jejich stolice bude geneticky analyzována s cílem definovat mikrobiom střevní mikrobioty. Bude pátráno po autoprotilátkách. Výsledky budou vzájemně korelovány. Tento výzkum má osvětlit patofyziologii nemocí s CH a také má pomoci v doporučeních nemocným a může otevřít nové směry léčby.; Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) have as a main symptom central hypersomnia (CH). The etiopathophysiology of NT1 is related to the hypocretin deficiency of autoimmune origin. The etiopathophysiology of NT2 and IH is unknown. There are doubts on the independence of NT2 and IH and their long-term course. The gut microbiota has an impact on brain functions and behavior either directly by mediators’ production or indirectly via autoantibodies against selected neurons. This evokes the hypothesis that microbiota has a role in etiopathophysiology of diseases with CH and may modify actual intensity of hypersomnia itself. Patients with CH and healthy controls will be clinically examined (including the long-term evolution of NT2 and IH). Their stools will be genetically analyzed in attempt to define the microbiome of the gut microbiota. The autoantibodies will be searched in their blood. The results will be mutually correlated. This research may elucidate the pathophysiology of CH disorders as well as may help to counselling the patients and fina
- Klíčová slova
- autoimmunity, mikrobiom, microbiome, autoprotilátky, autoantibodies, idiopatická hypersomnie, Idiopathic hypersomnia, autoimunita, elderly, extrakce DNA, vysoce výkonné sekvenování (HTS), funkce střevní bariéry, DNA extraction, high throughput sequencing (HTS), stáří, mikrobiota, microbiota, Narkolepsie typ 1 - narkolepsie s kataplexií, narkolepsie typ 2 - narkolepsie bez kataplexie, centrální hypersomnie, vývoj nemoci, Narcolepsy type 1 - narcolepsy with cataplexy, narcolepsy type 2 - narcolepsy without cataplexy, central hypersomnia, intesintal barrier function, disease evolution,
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR
Recent research highlights the profound impact of the gut microbiome on neuropsychiatric disorders, shedding light on its potential role in shaping human behavior. In this study, we investigate the role of the gut microbiome in appetite regulation using activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model of anorexia nervosa (AN) - a severe eating disorder with significant health consequences. ABA was induced in conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mice. Our results show the clear influence of the gut microbiome on the expression of four orexigenic (neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin) and four anorexigenic peptides (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, corticotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and pro-opiomelanocortin) in the hypothalamus. Additionally, we assessed alterations in gut barrier permeability. While variations were noted in germ-free mice based on feeding and activity, they were not directly attributable to the gut microbiome. This research emphasizes that the gut microbiome is a pivotal factor in AN's appetite regulation beyond just dietary habits or physical activity.
- MeSH
- chuť k jídlu fyziologie MeSH
- hypothalamus metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mentální anorexie * metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neuropeptidy * metabolismus MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
