Peas are prospectively beneficial legumes in the human diet, and especially in a vegan and vegetarian diet, due to their high content of proteins and starch. Their frequent lack of appeal in human nutrition can be caused by their bloating effect and the content of some antinutritional compounds inhibiting the absorption of important nutrients. This study brings a comprehensive comparison of the nutrient content of pea flour after cooking and lactic fermentation before and after digestion in vitro. As a control sample, raw pea flour was used (sample 1). Raw pea flour was cooked for 10 min (sample 2) and 120 min (sample 3) at 100°C or it was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (sample 4) and cooked for 10 min at 100°C (sample 5). The samples were analyzed for protein and amino acids content, maltose, glucose, raffinose, total polyphenols, phytic acid, phytase, and mineral composition (P, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) before and after in vitro digestion. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the protein digestibility of samples 3, 4 and 5. In the fermented samples were observed a higher concentration of Cys, Met, and Gln when compared to non-fermented samples. The fermentation of pea flour resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in glucose, maltose, and raffinose content. Cooking of pea flour for 10 and 120 min, but not fermenting, significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the polyphenols content. Cooking and fermentation together did not affect phytic acid concentration and phytase activity. Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and, Zn concentration in pea flour was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by cooking. On the other hand, fermentation significantly (p<0.05) improved the bioaccessibility of Mn and Fe. These findings suggest that lactic fermentation of pea flour is a promising culinary preparation that can improve the digestibility of peas.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Polysaccharide nanoparticles are promising materials in the wide range of disciplines such as medicine, nutrition, food production, agriculture, material science and others. They excel not only in their non-toxicity and biodegradability but also in their easy preparation. As well as inorganic particles, a protein corona (PC) around polysaccharide nanoparticles is formed in biofluids. Moreover, it has been considered that the overall response of the organism to nanoparticles presence depends on the PC. This review summarises scientific publications about the structural chemistry of polysaccharide nanoparticles and their impact on theranostic applications. Three strategies of implementation of the PC in theranostics have been discussed: I) Utilisation of the PC in therapy; II) How the composition of the PC is analysed for specific disease markers; III) How the formed PC can interact with the immune system and enhances the immunomodulation or immunoelimination. Thus, the findings from this review can contribute to improve the design of drug delivery systems. However, it is still necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of nano-bio interactions and discover new connections in nanoscale research.
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická terapeutické užití MeSH
- ateroskleróza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- humorální imunita účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nanočástice chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- polysacharidy chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- proteinová korona * imunologie MeSH
- teranostická nanomedicína metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Mycotoxin management in agriculture is an essential challenge for maintaining the health of both animals and humans. Choosing the right adsorbent is still a question for many breeders and an important criterion for feed manufacturers. New adsorbents are still being sought. Graphene oxide is a promising material in the field of nanotechnology, which excels in its adsorption properties. Presented in vitro study investigates graphene oxide for the binding of mycotoxins from crushed wheat. The results show that graphene oxide has an adsorption capacity for aflatoxin 0.045 mg/g, zearalenone 0.53 mg/g and deoxynivalenol 1.69 mg/g at 37° C. In vitro simulation of crushed wheat digestion showed rapid adsorption during the gastric phase. Of the minerals, Mg, Cu and Zn were the most adsorbed. The applied dose of graphene oxide of 10 mg/g caused only a slight inhibition of the digestive enzymes α-amylase and trypsin compared to pepsin and gastric lipase. In vitro results indicated the suitability of graphene oxide in the adsorption of the aflatoxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- aflatoxin B1 izolace a purifikace toxicita MeSH
- gastrointestinální absorpce MeSH
- grafit chemie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mykotoxiny izolace a purifikace toxicita MeSH
- nanostruktury chemie MeSH
- pšenice chemie toxicita MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- trávení MeSH
- trichotheceny izolace a purifikace toxicita MeSH
- zearalenon izolace a purifikace toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
It is generally believed that antibacterial essential oils have the potential to become one of the alternatives in preventing diarrheal diseases of monogastric animals. The disadvantage is their low efficiency per oral due to easy degradation during digestion in the stomach. This study compares the efficacy of chitosan, alginate-chitosan, guar gum-chitosan, xanthan gum-chitosan and pectin-chitosan nanocapsules to the synthesis of pH-responsive biopolymeric nanocapsule for Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils. Using spectrophotometric approach and gas chromatography, release kinetics were determined in pH 3, 5.6 and 7.4. The growth rates of S. aureus and E. coli, as well as minimal inhibition concentration of essential oils were studied. The average encapsulation efficiency was 60%, and the loading efficiency was 70%. The size of the nanocapsules ranged from 100 nm to 500 nm. Results showed that chitosan-guar gum and chitosan-pectin nanocapsules released 30% of essential oils (EOs) at pH 3 and 80% at pH 7.4 during 3 h. Similar release kinetics were confirmed for thymol, eugenol and α-pinene. Minimal inhibition concentrations of Thymus vulgaris and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils ranged from 0.025 to 0.5%. Findings of this study suggest that the suitable pH-responsive nanocapsule for release, low toxicity and antibacterial activity is based on chitosan-guar gum structure.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- erytrocyty cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- hemolýza účinky léků MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- nanokapsle aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- oleje prchavé chemie farmakologie MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Traditional supplements of selenium generally have a low degree of absorption and increased toxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to develop innovative systems as transporters of selenium compounds, which would raise the bioavailability of this element and allow its controlled release in the organism. Nanoscale selenium has attracted a great interest as a food additive especially in individuals with selenium deficiency, but also as a therapeutic agent without significant side effects in medicine. This review is focused on the incorporation of nanotechnological applications, in particular exploring the possibilities of a more effective way of administration, especially in selenium-deficient organisms. In addition, this review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium nanoparticles, their biological effects in the organism, advantages, absorption mechanisms, and nanotechnological applications for peroral administration.
- MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanočástice aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- nanomedicína metody MeSH
- nanotechnologie MeSH
- potravinářské přísady aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- selen aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika MeSH
- střevní sliznice účinky léků MeSH
- systémy cílené aplikace léků metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Cíl: Cílem této práce bylo vyvinout nanoléčivo založené na specifickém transportu pomocí oligonukleotidové próby (komplementární k BRCA1 genové mutaci) s předpokládaným účinkem cytostatika bez výrazných toxických efektů k nenádorovým buňkám. Použitým cytostatikem bylo antracyklinové antibiotikum doxorubicin. Přes svou terapeutickou účinnost však vykazuje vysokou kardiotoxicitu. Možnost, jak zvýšit terapeutické okno, představují nanotransportéry. Metodika: Doxorubicin a oligonukleotidová próba byly navázány k fullerenům. Doba modifikace nanotransportérů byla 24 h. Nanotransportér byl následně charakterizován pomocí biofyzikálních technik (SEM, dynamického rozptylu světla, spektrální a elektrochemické metody). Pomocí elektrochemické a fluorescenční analýzy byl vzniklý komplex nanotransportéru potvrzen. Výsledky: Doxorubicin se záporně nabitým povrchem interaguje s kladně nabitými fullereny elektrostatickou interakcí a tato interakce byla potvrzena na základě elektronové mikroskopie (SEM), elektrochemicky (změna potenciálu byla 35 mV) a měřením dynamického rozptylu světla (změna ζ-potenciálu byla 22 mV). Ke komplexu byla amidovou vazbou připojena oligonukleotidová proba, která je komplementární k mutované sekvenci BRCA genu. Pokles fluorescenčního signálu nanokonstruktu o 80 % indikoval navázání oligonukleotidu. Pro prokázání funkčnosti byla navržena magnetická zlatá nanočástice modifikovaná komplementární sekvencí k testovanému nanotransportéru. Závěr: Předpokládáme, že navržený nanokonstrukt bude možné využít pro DNA cílené směřování protinádorového léčiva k buňkám s mutací v genu BRCA. Nanotransportér má tyto základní vlastnosti: a) fulleren vykazuje vysokou afinitu k buňce a proniká cytoplazmatickou membránou; b) doxorubicin se uvolní do cytoplazmy v nádorových buňkách díky nízkému pH; c) celý konstrukt je směřován cíleně na mutovanou sekvenci genu BRCA; d) zlatá nanočástice zesiluje cytotoxický efekt
Objective: Main goal of this project was to develop a nanotransporter based on a targeted delivery using oligonucleotide probe, which is complementary to a mutated BRCA1 gene sequence with the expected effect of a cytostatic without significant toxic effects. The mentioned cytostatic is often used doxorubicin. Despite its therapeutic efficacy, however, it exhibits high cardiotoxicity. Nanotransporters represent the possibility of increasing the therapeutic window. Methods: Doxorubicin and oligonucleotide probe were bound to fullerenes. The modification time was 24 hours. The nanotransporter was subsequently characterized by biophysical techniques (SEM, dynamic light scattering, spectral and electrochemical methods.) Using the electrochemical and fluorescence analysis the formation of nanotransporter was confirmed. Results: Doxorubicin with a negatively charged surface interacts with positively charged fullerenes by electrostatic interaction and this interaction was confirmed by on the basis of electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemically (change of potential was 35 mV) and by measurement of dynamic light scattering (change of ζ-potential was 22 mV). Oligonucleotide probe, which is complementary to the BRCA mutated gene sequence, was bound to the complex by an amide bond. The drop of the fluorescence signal by 80% indicated binding of the oligonucleotide. To demonstrate the functionality, a magnetic gold nanoparticle, modified by the complementary sequence to the tested nanotransporter, was developed. Conclusion: We assume, that the proposed nanotransporter will be used for DNA targeted delivery of the antitumor drug to the cells with BRCA mutated genes. The nanotransporter has these basic characteristics: a) fullerene has a high affinity to the cell and penetrates the cell membrane; b) doxorubicin is released into cytoplasm in tumour cells due to low pH; c) the entire construct is targeted to the BRCA mutated gene sequence; d) the gold nanoparticle enhances the cytotoxic effect.
- MeSH
- antibiotika antitumorózní MeSH
- doxorubicin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- fullereny terapeutické užití MeSH
- geny BRCA1 MeSH
- geny BRCA2 MeSH
- kovové nanočástice využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- nádory prsu * terapie MeSH
- nanomedicína * MeSH
- oligonukleotidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- systémy cílené aplikace léků MeSH
- zlato terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most representative bacteria causing infectious diseases. Due to the increased application of antibiotics, the bacterial resistance is growing causing severe complications. Therefore, a sensitive determination of these pathogens is crucial for effective treatment. The aim of this study was to design an effective method for multiplex detection of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae taking advantage from properties of magnetic particles as well as fluorescent nanoparticles (quantum dots). The method was able to detect as low concentrations of bacteria as 10(2) CFU/mL using the bacteria-specific genes (fnbA, mecA and wcaG).
Selenium is an essential trace element important for many physiological processes, especially for the functions of immune and reproductive systems, metabolism of thyroid hormones, as well as antioxidant defense. Selenium deficiency is usually manifested by an increased incidence of retention of placenta, metritis, mastitis, aborts, lowering fertility and increased susceptibility to infections. In calves, lambs and kids, the selenium deficiency demonstrates by WMD (white muscle disease), in foals and donkey foals, it is associated with incidence of WMD and yellow fat disease, and in pigs it causes VESD (vitamin E/selenium deficiency) syndrome. The prevention of these health disorders can be achieved by an adequate selenium supplementation to the diet. The review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium, its biological significance in the organism, the impact of its deficiency in mammalian livestock (comparison of ruminants vs. non-ruminants, herbivore vs. omnivore) and possibilities of its peroral administration. The databases employed were as follows: Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- savci metabolismus MeSH
- selen nedostatek metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
