An experimental group of one-day-old chicken from a commercial hatchery was given a defined mixture of 7 gut anaerobes. The next day the chicks were inoculated by an APEC strain O78:H4-ST117 resistant to ciprofloxacin, alongside with the control group and monitored for 4 wk after the inoculation for the presence of the colonizing strains and ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. Significant reduction of colonization rates in the first 2 wk was recorded in the experimental group for the numbers of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. The results show that colonization of chicken by defined anaerobic mixtures may provide a decisive protection during the critical period of the chicken intestinal microflora development.
- MeSH
- Bacteroides MeSH
- ciprofloxacin farmakologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- probiotika * farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Plaque-induced gingivitis is the most prevalent periodontal disease associated with pathogenic biofilms. The host immune system responds to pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their co-receptor cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14). AIM: This study investigated the association between the functional polymorphism in the CD14 gene and the dental plaque microbiota in children with gingivitis. DESIGN: A total of 590 unrelated children (307 with plaque-induced gingivitis and 283 controls, aged 13-15 years) were enrolled in this case-control study. Dental plaque was processed using a ParoCheck® 20 detection kit. The CD14 -260C/T (rs2569190) polymorphism was determined with the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: Gingivitis was detected in 64.2% of boys and 35.8% of girls (P < .001). Children with gingivitis had a significantly higher occurrence of dental caries (P < .001). No significant differences in the CD14 -260C/T allele and genotype distribution among individuals with or without gingivitis in the whole cohort were found. Children with gingivitis and P gingivalis, however, were significantly more frequent carriers of the CT and TT genotypes than children with gingivitis without P gingivalis or healthy controls (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The CD14 -260C/T polymorphism acts in cooperation with P gingivalis to trigger plaque-induced gingivitis in Czech children.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gingivitida * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipopolysacharidové receptory * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- Porphyromonas gingivalis MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- zubní kaz * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Plaque-induced gingivitis is the most prevalent periodontal disease associated with pathogenic biofilms. The host immune system responds to pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their co-receptor cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14). AIM: This study investigated the association between the functional polymorphism in the CD14 gene and the dental plaque microbiota in children with gingivitis. DESIGN: A total of 590 unrelated children (307 with plaque-induced gingivitis and 283 controls, aged 13-15 years) were enrolled in this case-control study. Dental plaque was processed using a ParoCheck® 20 detection kit. The CD14 -260C/T (rs2569190) polymorphism was determined with the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: Gingivitis was detected in 64.2% of boys and 35.8% of girls (P < .001). Children with gingivitis had a significantly higher occurrence of dental caries (P < .001). No significant differences in the CD14 -260C/T allele and genotype distribution among individuals with or without gingivitis in the whole cohort were found. Children with gingivitis and P gingivalis, however, were significantly more frequent carriers of the CT and TT genotypes than children with gingivitis without P gingivalis or healthy controls (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The CD14 -260C/T polymorphism acts in cooperation with P gingivalis to trigger plaque-induced gingivitis in Czech children.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gingivitida * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipopolysacharidové receptory * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- Porphyromonas gingivalis MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- zubní kaz * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Výskum v oblasti ľudskej mikrobioty a jej vplyvu na ľudské zdravie otvoril nové možnosti diagnostiky, prevencie alebo liečby niektorých patologických stavov. Negatívna zmena zloženia črevnej mikrobioty, dysbióza, je asociovaná s ochoreniami, ako sú napr. zápalové ochorenia čreva, obezita, diabetes mellitus či infekcie spôsobené baktériou Clostridium difficile. Pre využitie ľudskej mikrobioty, resp. jej biologicky aktívnych produktov v klinickej praxi je potrebná jej dôkladná identifikácia a charakterizácia vlastností, ktoré môžu byť pre človeka prospešné. Použitie najnovších technológií umožňuje realizovať takýto výskum a v súčasnosti už poznáme viacero potenciálnych kandidátov na tzv. probiotiká ďalšej generácie. Cieľom tohto článku je zhrnúť dostupné informácie o baktériách Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis a Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, ktoré patria z tohto pohľadu k najperspektívnejším a najštudovanejším.
Research in the field of human microbiota and its impact on human health has opened new possibilities for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of certain pathological conditions. A negative change in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, dysbiosis, is associated with diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, or Clostridium difficile infections. For the use of human microbiota or its biologically active products in clinical practice, it is necessary to thoroughly identify and characterize properties that may be beneficial to human health. The use of the latest technology enables such research to be carried out, and we are already aware of several potential candidates for the so-called probiotics of the next generation. The aim of this article is to summarize available information on the bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which are among the most promising and studied candidates.
- Klíčová slova
- proniotika nové generace,
- MeSH
- Akkermansia MeSH
- Bacteroides fragilis MeSH
- Faecalibacterium prausnitzii MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- probiotika * terapeutické užití MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The glycosphingolipid, α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), when presented by CD1d on antigen-presenting cells, efficiently activates invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Thereby, it modulates immune responses against tumors, microbial and viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. Recently, the production of αGalCer by Bacteroidetes from the human gut microbiome was elucidated. Using hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to MS2, we screened murine intestinal tracts to identify and quantify αGalCers, and we investigated the αGalCer response to different dietary and physiologic conditions. In both the cecum and the colon of mice, we found 1-15 pmol of αGalCer per milligram of protein; in contrast, mice lacking microbiota (germ-free mice) and fed identical diet did not harbor αGalCer. The identified αGalCer contained a β(R)-hydroxylated hexadecanoyl chain N-linked to C18-sphinganine, which differed from what has been reported with Bacteroides fragilis Unlike β-anomeric structures, but similar to αGalCers from B. fragilis, the synthetic form of the murine αGalCer induced iNKT cell activation in vitro. Last, we observed a decrease in αGalCer production in mice exposed to conditions that alter the composition of the gut microbiota, including Western type diet, colitis, and influenza A virus infection. Collectively, this study suggests that αGalCer is produced by commensals in the mouse intestine and reveals that stressful conditions causing dysbiosis alter its synthesis. The consequences of this altered production on iNKT cell-mediated local and systemic immune responses are worthy of future studies.
- MeSH
- Bacteroides fragilis chemie imunologie MeSH
- dieta * MeSH
- galaktosylceramidy genetika imunologie MeSH
- inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
- myši MeSH
- tlusté střevo imunologie metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- zánět imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Candida albicans can enhance the invasion of oral epithelial cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis, although the fungus is not a periodontal pathogen. In this study, we investigated whether C. albicans augments proinflammatory cytokine production by mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells incubated with synthetic bacterial components. Mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells, mouse primary splenocytes, human THP-1 cells, and A549 cells were pretreated with or without heat-killed C. albicans (HKCA) or substitutes for C. albicans cell wall components in 96-well flat-bottomed plates. Cells were then washed and incubated with Pam3CSK4, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand, or lipid A, a TLR4 ligand. Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for secreted IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-8. HKCA augmented TLR ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by J774.1 cells, mouse splenocytes, and THP-1 cells, but not A549 cells. However, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α production induced by Pam3CSK4 or lipid A was not augmented when cells were pretreated with curdlan, a dectin-1 ligand, or mannan, a dectin-2 ligand. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with TLR ligands upregulated the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, but not MCP-1, induced by Pam3CSK4 or lipid A. The results suggest that C. albicans augments synthetic bacterial component-induced cytokine production by J774.1 cells via the TLR pathway, but not the dectin-1 or dectin-2 pathway.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- Candida albicans chemie fyziologie MeSH
- cytokiny genetika imunologie MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi čeledi Bacteroidaceae genetika imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- interleukin-6 genetika imunologie MeSH
- lektiny typu C genetika imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Porphyromonas gingivalis chemie fyziologie MeSH
- TNF-alfa genetika imunologie MeSH
- toll-like receptor 2 genetika imunologie MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of the project was to determine any effect of hyperbaric air on Bacteroides fragilis strains cultivated under hyperbaric conditions. Previously, it was hypothesized that there was a correlation between the presence of Bacteroides bacteria in patients preferring a meaty diet and cancer of the small intestine, and particularly of the large intestine and rectum. With respect to the fact that Bacteroides fragilis (BAFR) group are important producers of endotoxins, measurement and statistical evaluation of endotoxin production by individual strains of isolated Bacteroides species were used to compare bacteria isolated from various clinical samples from patients with colon and rectum cancer in comparison with strains isolated from other non-cancer diagnoses. Endotoxin production was proven by quantitative detection using the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test in EU/mL. Production of endotoxins in these bacteria cultured under hyperbaric air conditions was higher than those strains cultured under normobaric anaerobic conditions. But these differences in endotoxin production were not statistically significant (t test with log-transformed data, p value = 0.0910). Based on a two-tier t test for lognormal data, it is possible to cautiously conclude that a statistically significant difference was found between endotoxin production by Bacteroides fragilis strains isolated from non-carcinoma diagnoses (strains (1-6) and strains isolated from colorectal carcinoma diagnoses (strains 7-8; Wilcoxon non-parametric test p = 0.0132; t test = 0.1110; t test with log-transformed data, p value = 0.0294).
- MeSH
- Bacteroides fragilis chemie metabolismus MeSH
- endotoxiny metabolismus MeSH
- hyperbarická oxygenace MeSH
- kolorektální nádory mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- kyslík * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- subklinický zánět,
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu MeSH
- fekální transplantace MeSH
- Firmicutes patogenita MeSH
- hydrokortison MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence fyziologie MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy patologie MeSH
- metabolický syndrom MeSH
- obezita * etiologie komplikace MeSH
- Prevotella MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- tuková tkáň * MeSH
- zánět patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Bacteroides pyogenes can cause infections in humans. We describe a case of bloodstream infection caused by Bacteroides denticanum that probably originated from a dog bite. MALDI-TOF MS misidentified this new species as B. pyogenes. Subsequent analysis using the 16S rRNA sequencing approach identified the species as B. denticanum.
- MeSH
- Bacteroides chemie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- bakteriemie diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Bacteroides diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psi MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- psi MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- Bacteroides genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Bifidobacterium genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Enterobacteriaceae genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- kolorektální nádory imunologie metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom imunologie metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- metody výživy klasifikace MeSH
- mikrobiota * fyziologie genetika imunologie MeSH
- parenterální výživa úplná metody normy MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie imunologie fyziologie genetika imunologie MeSH
- syndrom dráždivého tračníku metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
