Independent walking is an important milestone in a child's development. The maturation of central nervous system, changes in body proportions, spatiotemporal parameters of gait and their variability change are dependent on age. The first aim of this study was to compare non-normalized and normalized spatiotemporal parameters and their variability in children. The second aim was to determine which spatiotemporal parameters are most affected by aging. Data from 64 typically developing children (age: 2.0-6.9 years), who walked at a self-selected speed along a 10m walkway, were collected with a motion capture system. Spatiotemporal parameters were normalized based on leg length. The main effect of the non-normalized walking speed revealed a moderate effect size (ES = 0.72) comparing 2- and 3-years-old, a large effect size comparing 2- and 6-years-old (ES = 1.77), and a large ES comparing 3- and 6-years-old (ES = 1.22). The normalized stride width parameter showed a statistically significant difference with large effect size between 2 vs 3 (ES = 1.00), 2 vs 6 (ES = 3.17), and 3 vs 6 (ES = 1.96). A statistically significant decrease in intra-individual gait variability with increasing age was observed in all parameters except for stride width. The variability of stride width may serve as a parameter in 2-year-olds to assess deviations from typically developing children. The assessment of effect size could be a useful indicator for clinical practice.
- MeSH
- chůze (způsob) * fyziologie MeSH
- chůze * fyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- rychlost chůze fyziologie MeSH
- snímání pohybu MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence in detecting apical pathosis on periapical radiographs. A total of twenty anonymized periapical radiographs were retrieved from the database of Poznan University of Medical Sciences. These radiographs displayed a sequence of 60 visible teeth. The evaluation of the radiographs was conducted using two methods (manual and automatic), and the results obtained from each technique were afterward compared. For the ground-truth method, one oral and maxillofacial radiology expert with more than ten years of experience and one trainee in oral and maxillofacial radiology evaluated the radiographs by classifying teeth as healthy and unhealthy. A tooth was considered unhealthy when periapical periodontitis related to this tooth had been detected on the radiograph. At the same time, a tooth was classified as healthy when no periapical radiolucency was detected on the periapical radiographs. Then, the same radiographs were evaluated by artificial intelligence, Diagnocat (Diagnocat Ltd., San Francisco, CA, USA). Diagnocat (Diagnocat Ltd., San Francisco, CA, USA) correctly identified periapical lesions on periapical radiographs with a sensitivity of 92.30% and identified healthy teeth with a specificity of 97.87%. The recorded accuracy and F1 score were 96.66% and 0.92, respectively. The artificial intelligence algorithm misdiagnosed one unhealthy tooth (false negative) and over-diagnosed one healthy tooth (false positive) compared to the ground-truth results. Diagnocat (Diagnocat Ltd., San Francisco, CA, USA) showed an optimum accuracy for detecting periapical periodontitis on periapical radiographs. However, more research is needed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-based algorithms in dentistry.
People with disabilities are less active than people without disabilities, and many do not reach the recommended amount of moderate intensity physical activity. This study aimed to investigate whether people with disabilities who acquired an individually adapted tricycle became more physically active, and to map which factors they reported as important for using their tricycle. People with disabilities applying for an adapted leg-driven tricycle participated in this observational study. ActiGraph GT3x accelerometer was worn for 7 days before and after acquiring the adapted tricycle (pre- and post-test). An open-ended question, in a questionnaire described factors important for tricycle use. Forty-five participants were included, aged 5 to 79 years (Mean = 32.3 years, SD = 22.7) with a large variety of complex disabilities, most with mobility impairments and some with intellectual disability. No significant change in activity level from pre- to post-test was found. However, individual differences were large. Reported reasons for not using the tricycle were bad weather conditions, pain when or after cycling, and insecurity. Reasons for using the tricycle were reported to be increased mobility, joy, and the feeling of freedom. To identify modifiable facilitators and barriers for using an individually adapted tricycle is crucial for regular use.
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Viral hepatitis, which appears most frequently at birth or during childhood, is a disease whose transmission routes include tears, bile, sexual fluids, sweat, milk, urine, feces, and saliva. The aim of the present study was to analyze the specificity of the immunochromatographic and ELISA diagnostic tests for hepatitis B surface antigen and compare them with PCR testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample was made up of 140 men and 60 women referred to the Urmia Medical University hospital to undergo PCR testing for HBV diagnosis. The ELISA test was performed using the Pioneer Medicine Company kit (Tehran, Iran). RESULTS: The results of the HBs-Ag rapid test and the ELISA test were compared with the PCR test. The HBs-Ag rapid test had 97% sensitivity and 91% specificity, whereas the ELISA test had 78% sensitivity and 76% specificity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to our results, the immunochromatographic test was accurate for diagnosing HBs-Ag in blood and the ELISA test had acceptable sensitivity and specificity, compared with PCR testing.
- MeSH
- chromatografie afinitní MeSH
- diagnostické testy rutinní MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny povrchové * MeSH
- hepatitida B * diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- virus hepatitidy B genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Írán MeSH
Identification of filamentous fungi based on morphological features is the most available approach used in clinical mycology laboratories. However, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is currently invaluable for identification of microorganisms because of its rapidity, simplicity, and accuracy. This study aimed to find the optimal way of identifying filamentous fungi using MALDI-TOF MS.The sample comprised 193 isolates of filamentous fungi. The identification started with morphological assessment. Then isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS, both directly from culture and following culture in liquid media with extraction. Subsequently, identification of 20 selected isolates was compared by sequencing of the benA gene, ITS1-5,8-ITS2, and D1-D2 LSU regions.Based on morphological criteria, 17 genera of fungi were identified. With MALDI-TOF MS performed directly from culture, nine isolates were identified to the genus level and 184 to the species level, with a total of 75 species being noted. With the MALDI-TOF MS extraction method, 190 isolates were identified to the species level, with 43 species being noted. The rates of agreement between identification using morphology and the MALDI-TOF MS direct method were 58.55% at the genus level and 22.24% at the species level. The rates of agreement between identification using morphology and the MALDI-TOF MS extraction method were 84.97% at the genus level and 46.11% at the species level. Using sequencing, 87.5% agreement was found for identification with the MALDI-TOF MS extraction method, as compared with only 43.75% for the direct method.The results suggest that the optimal approach to identification of filamentous fungi is a combination of morphological features and MALDI-TOF MS using the extraction method.
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Timely and accurate diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 is an essential part of a comprehensive COVID-19 response strategy. Ag-RDTs can be performed by individuals in which they collect their own specimen, perform a simple rapid test and interpret their test result themselves at a time and place of their choosing, termed COVID-19 self-testing. This interim guidance provides a new recommendation that COVID-19 self-testing, using SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs, should be offered as part of SARS-CoV-2 testing services. It also includes implementation considerations that can guide decisions on whether, and how, to adopt self-testing in different contexts, including the populations being prioritized; the disease prevalence in that population; and the impact on accessibility of testing, health care services and result reporting.
- MeSH
- Betacoronavirus MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- diagnostické testy rutinní MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- reagenční diagnostické soupravy MeSH
- samotestování MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- testování na COVID-19 MeSH
- Publikační typ
- směrnice MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- infekční lékařství
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
Cíl: Cílem studie bylo zjistit test-retest reliabilitu testu Odorized Markers Test (OMT). Tento psychofyzikální test založený na identifikaci pachových látek je využíván v české populaci pro screening anosmie. Vyšetření se skládá ze dvou částí. V první části jsou vyšetřovaní požádáni, aby spontánně pojmenovali pachové látky. Ve druhé části vyšetřovaní vybírají nejvhodnější název pachové látky ze čtyř nabízených možností. Metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 150 osob: 77 zdravých a 73 pacientů s poruchou čichu. Čich byl vyšetřen testem OMT. Retest byl proveden v průměru 2 dny po prvním testování. Výsledky: Koeficient korelace mezi prvním testováním a retestováním byl 0,91. Test-retest ukázal, že zdravé osoby dosáhly vyšších bodových zisků než pacienti s poruchou čichu (p < 0,001). První část testu vykazovala vyšší stupeň vnitřní konzistence než druhá část. Výsledky byly při prvním testování α = 0,9 a 0,56, resp. a při opakovaném testování α = 0,89 a 0,65, resp Anosmie byla zjištěna u 26 (17 %) pacientů při prvním testování a 27 (18 %) při retestování. Závěr: Mezi prvním testem a retestem byla nalezena pozitivní signifikantní korelace. Vnitřní konzistence byla uspokojivá jak v prvním testu, tak v retestu. Na základě výsledků naší studie je OMT spolehlivým a validním testem pro vyšetření čichu v klinické praxi.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of the Odorized Markers Test (OMT). This psychophysical test is a tool for screening anosmia based on the identification of odorants. The test is used for the Czech population. Examination technique consists of two parts. First, subjects are asked to spontaneously name the odorants and second, subjects have to choose the most proper name for an odorant from four descriptors. Methods: The participants included 150 subjects: 77 healthy subjects and 73 patients with smell disorders. Olfactory functions were assessed using the OMT. Retest was performed on an average interval of 2 days. Results: The coefficient of correlation between the first test and retest was 0.91. The test-retest showed that the controls reached higher scores than patients with olfactory impairment (P < 0.001). The first part of the test showed higher degree of internal consistency than the second part. The results for the first testing were α = 0.9 and 0.56, respectively, and for retesting α = 0.89 and 0.65, respectively. Anosmia was found in 26 (17%) and 27 (18%) patients on test and retest, respectively. Conclusion: Positive significant correlation was found between the first test and retest. Internal consistency was satisfactory in both the first test and retest. Based on the results of our study, OMT is a reliable and valid test for olfactory evaluation in clinical practice.
- MeSH
- anosmie * diagnóza MeSH
- čich MeSH
- diagnostické testy rutinní MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy čichu * diagnóza MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod: V klinické neurologické a rehabilitační praxi je dostupná řada nástrojů pro hodnocení rovnováhy, ale jejich používání se na jednotlivých pracovištích v České republice liší. Jedním z testů je Mini-BESTest (The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test), který je klinicky snadno proveditelný, hodnotí proaktivní i reaktivní složku stability a má odpovídající psychometrické vlastnosti. Cíl: Cílem bylo vytvořit oficiální český překlad nástroje Mini-BESTest a navrhnout doporučení pro jeho klinické použití při hodnocení rovnováhy u pacientů v chronickém stadiu CMP. Metody: Oficiální česká verze nástroje Mini-BESTest byla získána formou zpětného překladu a verifikována autorkou originálního testu Fay B. Horak. Výsledky a závěr: Česká verze testu vč. instrukcí pro jeho administraci je nyní k dispozici pro rutinní použití v oblasti neurologie a rehabilitace. Mini-BESTest je spolehlivý a platný nástroj pro hodnocení rovnováhy u pacientů v chronickém stadiu CMP.
Introduction: There are a number of balance assessment tools available in clinical neurological and rehabilitation practice, but their use in individual workplaces within the Czech Republic varies. One of the tests is The Mini-BESTest (the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test), which is clinically easy to perform, evaluates both the anticipatory and reactive postural components of stability, and has corresponding psychometric properties. Aim: The aim was to create an official Czech translation of the Mini-BESTest and propose recommendations for its clinical use in the assessment of balance in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: The official Czech version of the Mini-BESTest was created by means of back translation and verified by the author of the original test Fay B. Horak. Results and conclusion: The Czech version of the Mini-BESTest, including instructions for its administration, is now ready for routine use in the field of neurology and rehabilitation. The Mini-BESTest is a reliable and valid tool for assessing balance in patients with chronic stroke.
- Klíčová slova
- Mini-BESTest,
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda komplikace MeSH
- diagnostické testy rutinní * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- posturální rovnováha * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
