BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the performance of the Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) using imaging (ultrasound, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (WB-DWI/MRI) in assessing peritoneal carcinomatosis and predicting non-resectability in tubo-ovarian carcinoma patients. METHODS: This was a prospective multicenter observational study. We considered all patients with suspected primary ovarian/tubal/peritoneal cancer who underwent preoperative ultrasound, CT, and WB-DWI/MRI (if available). The optimal cut off value for assessing the performance of the methods in predicting non-resectability was identified at the point at which the sensitivity and specificity were most similar. The reference standard to predict non-resectability was surgical outcome in terms of residual disease >1 cm or surgery not feasible. Agreement between imaging methods and surgical exploration in assessing sites included in the PCI score was evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: 242 patients were included from January 2020 until November 2022. The optimal PCI cut-off for predicting non-resectability for surgical exploration was >12, which achieved the best AUC of 0.87, followed by ultrasound with a cut-off of >10 and AUC of 0.81, WB-DWI/MRI with a cut-off of >12 and AUC of 0.81, and CT with a cut-off of >11 and AUC of 0.74. Using ICC, ultrasound had very high agreement (0.94) with surgical PCI, while CT and WB-DWI/MRI had high agreement (0.86 and 0.87, respectively). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound performed by an expert operator had the best agreement with surgical findings compared to WB-DWI/MRI and CT in assessing radiological PCI. In predicting non-resectability, ultrasound was non-inferior to CT, while its non-inferiority to WB-DWI/MRI was not demonstrated.
- MeSH
- difuzní magnetická rezonance metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * diagnostické zobrazování patologie chirurgie MeSH
- nádory vejcovodů diagnostické zobrazování patologie chirurgie MeSH
- peritoneální nádory * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie * metody MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ultrasonografie * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
Prehabilitation aims to improve patients' physical condition before a stressful event, such as surgery, and enhance recovery. Despite its potential benefits, many emerging prehabilitation programs face challenges in enrolling or retaining patients. In our prehabilitation study PHOCUS, which aims to prepare ovarian cancer patients for surgery, we have also encountered lower acceptance and retention rates. Particularly the most vulnerable patients, who are old and frail, and may benefit the most from the prehabilitation, decline participation due to the complexity of the proposed program. In our review we discussed obstacles and barriers that prevent patients' participation based on both literature and our experience. Among the main reasons are patient's low motivation, high intensity of the program and a lack of social support. To overcome these challenges, we suggest increasing the program's flexibility, adapting the program according to individual patient's needs and enhancing patients' education about the benefits of prehabilitation.
- MeSH
- fyzioterapie v předoperační přípravě * psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace MeSH
- nádory vaječníků chirurgie MeSH
- nádory ženských pohlavních orgánů * rehabilitace chirurgie MeSH
- pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí psychologie MeSH
- předoperační péče metody MeSH
- sociální opora MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: A laparoscopy-based scoring system was developed by Fagotti et al (Fagotti or Predictive Index value (PIV)score) based on the intraoperative presence or absence of carcinomatosis on predefined sites. Later, the authors updated the PIV score calculated only in the absence of one or both absolute criteria of nonresectability (mesenteric retraction and miliary carcinomatosis of the small bowel) (updated PIV model). OBJECTIVE: The aim was to demonstrate the noninferiority of ultrasound to other imaging methods (contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) and whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (WB-DWI)/MRI) in predicting nonresectable tumor (defined as residual disease >1 cm) using the updated PIV model in patients with tubo-ovarian cancer. The agreement between imaging and intraoperative findings as a reference was also calculated. STUDY DESIGN: This was a European prospective multicenter observational study. We included patients with suspected tubo-ovarian carcinoma who underwent preoperative staging and prediction of nonresectability at ultrasound, CT, WB-DWI/MRI, and surgical exploration. Ultrasound and CT were mandatory index tests, while WB-DWI/MRI was an optional test (non-available in all centers). The predictors of nonresectability were suspicious mesenteric retraction and/or miliary carcinomatosis of the small bowel or if absent, a PIV >8 (updated PIV model). The PIV score ranges from 0 to 12 according to the presence of disease in 6 predefined intra-abdominal sites (great omentum, liver surface, lesser omentum/stomach/spleen, parietal peritoneum, diaphragms, bowel serosa/mesentery). The reference standard was surgical outcome, in terms of residual disease >1 cm, assessed by laparoscopy and/or laparotomy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to assess the performance of the methods in predicting nonresectability was reported. Concordance between index tests at the detection of disease at 6 predefined sites and intraoperative exploration as reference standard was also calculated using Cohen's kappa. RESULTS: The study was between 2018 and 2022 in 5 European gynecological oncology centers. Data from 242 patients having both mandatory index tests (ultrasound and CT) were analyzed. 145/242 (59.9%) patients had no macroscopic residual tumor after surgery (R0) (5/145 laparoscopy and 140/145 laparotomy) and 17/242 (7.0%) had residual tumor ≤1 cm (R1) (laparotomy). In 80/242 patients (33.1%), the residual tumor was>1 cm (R2), 30 of them underwent laparotomy and maximum surgery was carried out, and 50/80 underwent laparoscopy only, because cytoreduction was not feasible in all of them. After excluding 18/242 (7.4%) patients operated on but not eligible for extensive surgery, the predictive performance of 3 imaging methods was analyzed in 167 women. The AUCs of all methods in discriminating between resectable and nonresectable tumor was 0.80 for ultrasound, 0.76 for CT, 0.71 for WB-DWI/MRI, and 0.90 for surgical exploration. Ultrasound had the highest agreement (Cohen's kappa ranging from 0.59 to 0.79) than CT and WB-DWI/MRI to assess all parameters included in the updated PIV model. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound showed noninferiority to CT and to WB-DWI/MRI in discriminating between resectable and nonresectable tumor using the updated PIV model. Ultrasound had the best agreement between imaging and intraoperative findings in the assessment of parameters included in the updated PIV model. Ultrasound is an acceptable method to assess abdominal disease and predict nonresectability in patients with tubo-ovarian cancer in the hands of specially trained ultrasound examiners.
- MeSH
- difuzní magnetická rezonance metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- laparoskopie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie patologie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie * MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů * MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- reziduální nádor diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- ultrasonografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- gynekologické chirurgické výkony klasifikace metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * chirurgie diagnóza klasifikace patologie MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- zachování plodnosti MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- exenterace pánve klasifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- gynekologické chirurgické výkony klasifikace MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- kontraindikace léčebného výkonu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru * chirurgie MeSH
- nádory dělohy chirurgie MeSH
- nádory vaječníků chirurgie MeSH
- nádory vulvy chirurgie MeSH
- nádory ženských pohlavních orgánů * chirurgie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Karcinom vaječníku je heterogenní onemocnění s celkově špatnou prognózou, jehož léčba by měla být nastavena s ohledem na kvalitu života a přežití pacientky. Základem správného nastavení léčebné strategie je kvalitní předoperační diagnostika a mezioborová spolupráce. V časném stadiu onemocnění představuje chirurgická léčba primárně léčebný a stagingový účel a v pokročilém stadiu onemocnění je chirurgická léčba primárně léčebnou modalitou se snahou dosáhnout optimální resekce. Chirurgická léčba by měla být koncentrována do onkogynekologických center se zkušenostmi s danou problematikou. U pacientek s pokročilým onemocněním je stále diskutováno provedení primární cytoredukční operace nebo intervalové cytoredukční operace, avšak stále platí, že cytoredukční chirurgická léčba je primární léčebná modalita, jejíž extenzi a radikalitu je vždy nutné zvážit individuálně.
Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases with an overall poor prognosis, whose treatment is necessary to manage well keeping in mind the quality of life and overall survival of the patient. Preoperative diagnosis and treatment in a multidisciplinary setting play an important role in setting the optimal treatment strategy. Surgical treatment in the early stages of ovarian cancer has a curative and staging purpose while in advanced stages it has primarily a goal of optimal resection of macroscopic tumors. Surgical treatment of ovarian cancer should be performed by experienced gynecological oncologists in centers with expertise. The discussion between primary cytoreductive surgery versus interval cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer remains very active and alive, however surgical treatment remains the gold standard of treatment in ovarian cancer, the extension and radicality of which needs to be always individualized.
- MeSH
- gynekologické chirurgické výkony metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * chirurgie MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- zachování plodnosti MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Several diagnostic prediction models to help clinicians discriminate between benign and malignant adnexal masses are available. This study is a head-to-head comparison of the performance of the Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model with that of the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA). METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on prospectively included consecutive women with an adnexal tumour scheduled for surgery at five oncology centres and one non-oncology centre in four countries between 2015 and 2019. The reference standard was histology. Model performance for ADNEX and ROMA was evaluated regarding discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. RESULTS: The primary analysis included 894 patients, of whom 434 (49%) had a malignant tumour. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88-0.95) for ADNEX with CA125, 0.90 (0.84-0.94) for ADNEX without CA125, and 0.85 (0.80-0.89) for ROMA. ROMA, and to a lesser extent ADNEX, underestimated the risk of malignancy. Clinical utility was highest for ADNEX. ROMA had no clinical utility at decision thresholds <27%. CONCLUSIONS: ADNEX had better ability to discriminate between benign and malignant adnexal tumours and higher clinical utility than ROMA. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov NCT01698632 and NCT02847832.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- antigen CA-125 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- nemoci děložních adnex * diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- ultrasonografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Prezentuje kazuistiku pacientky s metachronní nádorovou duplicitou, která byla léčena durvalumabem v udržovací léčbě po konkomitantní chemoradioterapii nemalobuněčného karcinomu plic. Současně nabízíme krátký přehled informací o této monoklonální protilátce, která nedávno získala úhradu též v léčbě malobuněčného karcinomu plic, a nabízí tak zlepšení prognózy nemocných v obou indikacích.
This article presents a case report of a patient with metachronous tumor occurrence, who was treated with durvalumab as maintenance therapy following concomitant chemoradiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Simultaneously, we offer a brief review of this monoclonal antibody, which has recently received approval for reimbursement also in the treatment of small cell lung cancer, thus offering an improved prognosis for patients in both indications.
- Klíčová slova
- durvalumab,
- MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- nádory vaječníků chirurgie farmakoterapie MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Tato kazuistika popisuje případ pacientky s karcinomem ovaria, u které byla mimo operační léčby a chemoterapie užita i cílená léčba v podobě inhibitoru PARP (poly(ADP-ribóza)polymerázy) niraparibu. Pomocí této léčby bylo dosaženo uspokojivé stabilizace stavu recidivujícího onemocnění. Podmínkou k dosažení uspokojivého výsledku léčby však i nadále zůstává adekvátně provedený operační zákrok.
This case report describes the case of a patient with ovarian cancer who, in addition to surgery and chemotherapy, also received targeted treatment - PARP (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) inhibitor niraparib. A satisfactory stabilization of recurrent disease was achieved as a result of such treatment. However, adequately performed surgical procedure remains crucial in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
- Klíčová slova
- niraparib,
- MeSH
- biopsie metody MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- gynekologické chirurgické výkony metody MeSH
- indazoly terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * chirurgie diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- piperidiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Karcinóm prsníka a tumory ovárií patria medzi najčastejšie nádorové ochorenia v ženskej populácii. Podlá publikovaných údajov približne 5-10 % zo všetkých nádorových ochorení prsníka/ovárií patrí medzi tzv. hereditárne podmienené formy. Za hereditárny syndróm nádorov prsníka a ovárií je zodpovedná vo váčšine prípadov zárodočná mutácia v génoch BRCA1 a BRCA2.1 Historicky bola prognóza pacientov s pokročilým karcinómom ovária velmi nepriaznivá a minimálne posledná dekáda potvrdila jasný benefit PARP inhibítorov nielen u rekurentných ovariálnych karcinómov s mutáciou BRCA, ale aj ich využitie a pozitívne výsledky v prvej línii liečby. Aktuálne už máme pozitívne dlhodobé dáta z dvoch štúdií fázy III udržiavacej liečby olaparibom u pacientok s novo diagnostikovaným pokročilým karcinómom vaječníkov, ktoré boli prezentovane na ESMO 2022. V danej kazuistike prezentujeme prípad 50ročnej nosičky mutácie BRCA1 s duplicitnou malignitou - karcinómu prsníka v úvode ochorenia s neskoršie potvrdeným karcinómom ovária. Pacientka je aktuálne v liečbe PARP inhibítorom olaparibom takmer sedem rokov a je v kompletnej remisii ochorenia bez zaznamenanej vážnej toxicity. Danou kazuistikou chceme taktiež dokumentovať efektívnosť a bezpečnosť liečby.
Breast and ovarian tumors are the most frequent malignancies among female population worldwide. According to published data 5-10 % of all breast/ovarian cancer cases are generated as consequence of the inherited mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.1 Historically, the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian cancer has been very unfavourable, and at least the last decade has confirmed the clear benefit of PARP inhibitors not only in recurrent BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer, but also their use and positive results in first-line treatment. Positive long-term data from two phase III trials of olaparib maintenance treatment in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer were reported at ESMO Congress 2022. In this case report, we present the case of a 50-year-old BRCA1 mutation carrier with a duplicate malignancy of breast cancer at the beginning of the disease with later confirmed the ovarian cancer. The patient is currently being treated with the PARP inhibitor olaparib for almost seven. years and she is in complete remission of the disease without any serious toxicity. We also want to confirm the effectiveness and safety of the treatment with this case report.
- Klíčová slova
- Olaparib,
- MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- ftalaziny terapeutické užití MeSH
- geny BRCA1 * účinky léků MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů terapie MeSH
- nádory prsu * chirurgie farmakoterapie MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * chirurgie farmakoterapie MeSH
- ovarektomie metody MeSH
- PARP inhibitory terapeutické užití MeSH
- piperaziny terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH