• MeSH
• Food Safety MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Plastics * adverse effects   MeSH
• Food and Beverages * MeSH
• Natural Resources MeSH
• Environmental Pollution legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Food packaging is of high societal value because it conserves and protects food, makes food transportable and conveys information to consumers. It is also relevant for marketing, which is of economic significance. Other types of food contact articles, such as storage containers, processing equipment and filling lines, are also important for food production and food supply. Food contact articles are made up of one or multiple different food contact materials and consist of food contact chemicals. However, food contact chemicals transfer from all types of food contact materials and articles into food and, consequently, are taken up by humans. Here we highlight topics of concern based on scientific findings showing that food contact materials and articles are a relevant exposure pathway for known hazardous substances as well as for a plethora of toxicologically uncharacterized chemicals, both intentionally and non-intentionally added. We describe areas of certainty, like the fact that chemicals migrate from food contact articles into food, and uncertainty, for example unidentified chemicals migrating into food. Current safety assessment of food contact chemicals is ineffective at protecting human health. In addition, society is striving for waste reduction with a focus on food packaging. As a result, solutions are being developed toward reuse, recycling or alternative (non-plastic) materials. However, the critical aspect of chemical safety is often ignored. Developing solutions for improving the safety of food contact chemicals and for tackling the circular economy must include current scientific knowledge. This cannot be done in isolation but must include all relevant experts and stakeholders. Therefore, we provide an overview of areas of concern and related activities that will improve the safety of food contact articles and support a circular economy. Our aim is to initiate a broader discussion involving scientists with relevant expertise but not currently working on food contact materials, and decision makers and influencers addressing single-use food packaging due to environmental concerns. Ultimately, we aim to support science-based decision making in the interest of improving public health. Notably, reducing exposure to hazardous food contact chemicals contributes to the prevention of associated chronic diseases in the human population.

• MeSH
• Food Contamination analysis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Hazardous Substances adverse effects   MeSH
• Food Packaging methods   MeSH
• Plastics adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Crohn Disease MeSH
• Colorectal Neoplasms epidemiology   MeSH
• Congresses as Topic MeSH
• Food Contamination MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Esophageal Neoplasms MeSH
• Plastics adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Newspaper Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Dermatitis, Occupational * epidemiology   MeSH
• Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
• Metallurgy MeSH
• Dermatitis, Contact * epidemiology   MeSH
• Metals adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Occupational Diseases epidemiology   MeSH
• Plastics adverse effects   MeSH
• Industrial Oils adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• European Union MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Food Packaging standards   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Public Health Surveillance * methods   MeSH
• Lead standards   adverse effects   toxicity   MeSH
• Plastics standards   adverse effects   MeSH
• Mandatory Programs standards   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Specialty Uses of Chemicals MeSH
• Vaccination methods   standards   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Education methods   standards   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Environmental Exposure * standards   prevention & control   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Legislation as Topic * standards   trends   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Keywords
• Bisfenol A,
• MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 * etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
• Phenols adverse effects   MeSH
• Insulin Resistance MeSH
• Cardiometabolic Risk Factors MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases * etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Plastics * history   adverse effects   toxicity   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

V průběhu let 1995–2012 bylo v 17 dermatoalergologických ambulancích v České republice vyšetřeno epikutánními testy s alergeny Evropské standardní sady (dále ESS) 56 147 pacientů ekzematiků (17 645 mužů a 38 502 žen). Nejvíce senzibilizovaných bylo na nikl 15,90 % (ženy 20,7 %, muži 5,66 %), následuje kobalt 7,15 % (ženy 8,20 %, muži 4,85 %), dále peruánský balzám 6,53 %, fragrance-mix 5,45 %, fragrance-mix II 2,69 %, kalafuna 2,55 %, formaldehyd 2,48 %, parafenylendiamin 2,40 %, alcoholes adipis lanae 2,39 %, Kathon CG 2,33 %, u ostatních alergenů ESS byla frekvence senzibilizace nižší než 2 %. Rozdělíme-li časové období 1995–2012 na úseky po 9 letech, zjišťujeme, že v období 2004–2012 došlo k vzestupu senzibilizace na kovy a plastické hmoty, k poklesu senzibilizovaných na gumárenské chemikálie, na fragranty a látky přírodní povahy a na účinné látky farmaceutických přípravků.

In 17 dermato-allergology departments in the Czech Republic 56 147 patients with eczema (17 645 males a 38 502 females) were examined using European Standard Series (ESS) during the period 1995–2012. The most frequent sensitizers were: nickel in 15,90 % of patients (females 20,7 %, males 5,66 %), then cobalt in 7,15 % (females 8,20 %, males 4,85 %), balsam of Peru in 6,53 %, fragrance--mix in 5,45 %, fragrance-mix II in 2,69 %, colophonium in 2,55 %, formaldehyde in 2,48 %, paraphenylenediamine in 2,40 %, lanolin alcohol in 2,39 %, Kathon CG in 2,33 % of patients, in other ESS allergens the number of patients sensitized was lower than 2 %. In a nine-year period 2004–2012 sensitivity to metals and plastic materials increased and sensitivity to epoxy resin chemicals, fragrances, natural substances and pharmaceutical components decreased. Key-words: contact dermatitis – contact sensitization – contact allergens – European Standard Series

• Keywords
• Evropská standardní sada, gumárenské chemikálie,
• MeSH
• Allergens * adverse effects   MeSH
• Dermatitis, Allergic Contact * epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Antioxidants adverse effects   MeSH
• Coloring Agents adverse effects   MeSH
• Chromium adverse effects   MeSH
• Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
• Epoxy Resins adverse effects   MeSH
• Pharmaceutic Aids adverse effects   MeSH
• Phenylenediamines adverse effects   MeSH
• Cobalt adverse effects   MeSH
• Preservatives, Pharmaceutical adverse effects   MeSH
• Skin Tests * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mutagens adverse effects   MeSH
• Nickel adverse effects   MeSH
• Plastics adverse effects   MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Fungicides, Industrial adverse effects   MeSH
• Sex Distribution MeSH
• Thiazoles adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Příčinou kontaktního ekzému vyvolaného textiliemi byly zvláště v předchozích letech močovinoformaldehydové a melaminformaldehydové pryskyřice používané k nemačkavé úpravě. K senzibilizaci vedl z nich uvolňovaný formaldehyd nebo celá molekula pryskyřice. V současné době jsou používány k nemačkavé úpravě nejčastěji cyklické deriváty močoviny, k senzibilizaci vedou zřídka, formaldehyd uvolňují v menším množství. Z textilních barviv senzibilizují nejčastěji azobarviva. Pacient může být současně senzibilizován na některou z paraaminosloučenin. V rámci skupinové přecitlivělosti může naopak pacient senzibilizovaný na některou z paraaminosloučenin reagovat kontaktní alergickou reakcí na textilie barvené azobarvivy.

Previously, textile-related contact eczema was mainly caused by urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins used for crease-resistant finishing. Sensitization resulted from the formaldehyde released or from the entire resin molecule. Currently, cyclic urea derivatives are used for crease-resistant finishing, which rarely cause sensitization and release formaldehyde in smaller quantities. Among textile dyes, the most common sensitizers are azo dyes. A patient may be concomitantly sensitized to some of the para-amino compounds. In the case of group hypersensitivity, a patient sensitized to some of the para-amino compounds may respond by a contact allergic reaction to azo dyed textiles.

• MeSH
• Dermatitis, Allergic Contact diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Hypersensitivity diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Anthraquinones adverse effects   MeSH
• Azo Compounds adverse effects   MeSH
• Coloring Agents classification   adverse effects   MeSH
• Formaldehyde adverse effects   MeSH
• Dermatitis, Contact diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Multiple Chemical Sensitivity diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Urea analogs & derivatives   adverse effects   MeSH
• Plastics adverse effects   MeSH
• Textiles classification   adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Diagnostika kontaktního ekzému spočívá, kromě pečlivé anamnézy a zhodnocení klinického obrazu, v časném provedení epikutánních testů, které mohou odhalit vlastní alergen. K významným kontaktním alergenům patří stále z kovů nikl, chrom a kobalt, z plastických hmot epoxidové pryskyřice a akryláty, z gumárenských chemikálií antioxidant N-fenyl-N-isopropylparafenylendiamin a akcelerátory thiuramového typu, dále parfémy, propolis, éterické oleje, zvláště čajovníkový olej, a rostlinné extrakty čeledi Compositae.

Diagnosis of contact eczema is based besides thorough history and careful evaluation of clinical picture on early use of epicutaneous tests that can reveal the proper allergen. Important contact allergens are metals (nickel, chromium, cobalt), plastics (epoxid raisins and acrylates), rubber chemicals (antioxidant N-phenyl-N-isopropylparaphenylendiamin and accelerators of thiurame type), parfumes, propolis, etheric oils (tea tree oil), and plant extracts from family of Compositae.

• MeSH
• Allergens classification   MeSH
• Antigens, Plant adverse effects   MeSH
• Chromium adverse effects   MeSH
• Cobalt adverse effects   MeSH
• Dermatitis, Contact diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Skin Tests utilization   MeSH
• Nickel adverse effects   MeSH
• Perfume analysis   adverse effects   MeSH
• Plastics classification   adverse effects   MeSH
• Propolis analysis   adverse effects   MeSH
• Tea Tree Oil analysis   adverse effects   MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Bisfenol A se v České republice dlouhodobě sleduje především v konzervách, zatímco plastové obaly zůstávají stranou, anebo nejsou výsledky jejich analýz alespoň veřejně dostupné. „Nechali jsme proto ve zlínské laboratoři ITC analyzovat 21 obalů z PVC na přítomnost bisfenolu A. Jeho uvolňování do potravin bylo prokázáno u tří z nich,“ řekl vedoucí kampaně Budoucnost bez jedů sdružení Arnika RNDr. Jindřich Petrlík.

• MeSH
• Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate chemistry   metabolism   adverse effects   toxicity   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Endocrine Disruptors MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Plastics adverse effects   toxicity   MeSH
• National Health Programs MeSH
• Toxic Actions MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Infant MeSH

• Conspectus
• Farmacie. Farmakologie
• NML Fields
• endokrinologie
• toxikologie
• NML Publication type
• brožury