Východiska: Pooperační ileus (pooperační dysfunkce) je závažná komplikace vyskytující se především u pacientů s rizikovými faktory a u pacientů po akutních, dlouhotrvajících operačních výkonech. Jeho etiologie je multifaktoriální, podílí se na ní jak zánětlivé, tak i neurogenní, hormonální a farmakologické faktory. V prevenci a léčbě se snažíme uplatnit především nefarmakologické postupy, ovlivnit reverzibilní etiologické faktory a v pooperačním období nejlépe implementovat a využít ERAS postupy. Další možností je snaha o ovlivnění tohoto stavu farmaky. V diferenciální diagnostice je třeba odlišit krátkodobé zhoršení střevní motility, která je běžná prakticky po každém nitrobřišním výkonu. Cíl: Cílem práce je popsat možnosti farmakologické intervence u takto postižených pacientů. Na základě současné úrovně poznání práce analyzuje účinnost současně používaných farmak především ze skupiny takzvaných prokinetik. Závěr: Pooperační ileus stále představuje závažnou komplikaci. Možnosti farmakologické intervence jsou omezené, účinný se jeví být neostigmin a v prevenci v České republice nedostupný alvimopan. Nadějnými preparáty se také jeví 5-hydroxytryptamin 4 (5HT4) agonisté, zde je ale třeba dalších studií. Použití inhibitorů COX-2 je stále diskutabilní.

Introduction: Postoperative ileus is a severe condition occurring especially in high-risk patients following acute and prolonged surgical procedures. Multiple factors are described as important in etiology, such as inflammation as well as neurological, hormonal and pharmacological influences. In prevention and treatment, we try to apply non-pharmaceutical procedures, to influence reversible etiological factors and, in postoperative period, to implement and use ERAS procedures. Drugs are the other possibility how to influence this pathology. Short-term impairment of intestinal motility following the most of the intraabdominal surgeries must be also taken in count in the differential diagnosis and treatment. Study aim: We try to describe all possibilities of pharmacological treatment and prevention of the postoperative ileus. Effectiveness of drugs used in present praxis, especially group of so-called prokinetics is analyzed. Conclusion: Postoperative ileus is still recognized as severe complication. Pharmacological treatment options are limited, only a few substances have evident positive impact (neostigmin for treatment and alvimopan – not registered in the Czech Republic for prevention). More evidence is necessary for positive effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 (5HT4) agonists, and the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors is still controversial.

• MeSH
• Ileus * diagnosis   etiology   drug therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neostigmine administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Postoperative Complications * drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

BACKGROUND: Rocuronium for cesarean delivery under general anesthesia is an alternative to succinylcholine for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia because of the availability of sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade. However, there are no large well-controlled studies in women undergoing general anesthesia for cesarean delivery. The aim of this noninferiority trial was to determine whether rocuronium and sugammadex confer benefit in time to tracheal intubation (primary outcome) and other neuromuscular blockade outcomes compared with succinylcholine, rocuronium, and neostigmine in women undergoing general anesthesia for cesarean delivery. METHODS: We aimed to enroll all women undergoing general anesthesia for cesarean delivery in the 2 participating university hospitals (Brno, Olomouc, Czech Republic) in this single-blinded, randomized, controlled study. Women were randomly assigned to the ROC group (muscle relaxation induced with rocuronium 1 mg/kg and reversed with sugammadex 2-4 mg/kg) or the SUX group (succinylcholine 1 mg/kg for induction, rocuronium 0.3 mg/kg for maintenance, and neostigmine 0.03 mg/kg for reversal of the neuromuscular blockade). The interval from the end of propofol administration to tracheal intubation was the primary end point with a noninferiority margin of 20 seconds. We recorded intubating conditions (modified Viby-Mogensen score), neonatal outcome (Apgar score <7; umbilical artery pH), anesthesia complications, and subjective patient complaints 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: We enrolled 240 parturients. The mean time to tracheal intubation was 2.9 seconds longer in the ROC group (95% confidence interval, -5.3 to 11.2 seconds), noninferior compared with the SUX group. Absence of laryngoscopy resistance was greater in the ROC than in the SUX groups (ROC, 87.5%; SUX, 74.2%; P = 0.019), but there were no differences in vocal cord position (P = 0.45) or intubation response (P = 0.31) between groups. No statistically significant differences in incidence of anesthesia complications or in neonatal outcome were found (10-minute Apgar score <7, P = 0.07; umbilical artery pH, P = 0.43). The incidence of postpartum myalgia was greater in the SUX group (ROC 0%; SUX 6.7%; P = 0.007). The incidence of subjective complaints was lower in the ROC group (ROC, 21.4%; SUX, 37.5%; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that rocuronium for rapid-sequence induction is noninferior for time to tracheal intubation and is accompanied by more frequent absence of laryngoscopy resistance and lower incidence of myalgia in comparison with succinylcholine for cesarean delivery under general anesthesia.

• MeSH
• Androstanols administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Antidotes administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Anesthesia, General * adverse effects   MeSH
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Cesarean Section * adverse effects   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• gamma-Cyclodextrins administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Intubation, Intratracheal MeSH
• Single-Blind Method MeSH
• Laryngoscopy MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Myalgia etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Neostigmine administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Blockade adverse effects   methods   MeSH
• Pain, Postoperative etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Anesthesia, Obstetrical adverse effects   methods   MeSH
• Succinylcholine administration & dosage   MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Keywords
• antagonizace nervosvalové blokády,
• MeSH
• Adjuvants, Anesthesia therapeutic use   MeSH
• Anesthesia * methods   MeSH
• Muscarinic Antagonists therapeutic use   MeSH
• Atropine * adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors therapeutic use   MeSH
• Drug Therapy, Combination adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Neostigmine * administration & dosage   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Blockade MeSH
• Receptors, Muscarinic drug effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Cíl studie: Srovnání postupů celkové anestezie se zaměřením na svalovou relaxaci v oblastní a fakultní nemocnici. Typ studie: Tříměsíční retrospektivní rozbor anesteziologických záznamů. Typ pracoviště: Anesteziologicko-resuscitační oddělení oblastní nemocnice, klinika anesteziologie, resuscitace a intenzivní medicíny fakultní nemocnice. Materiál a metoda: Během tříměsíčního období (září až listopad 2011) byly sledovány záznamy všech anesteziologických výkonů v oblastní (MB2011) a fakultní (FNOL2011) nemocnici, ve strukturované formě popsány: demografické údaje nemocných, typ a délka anesteziologické péče, zajištění dýchacích cest, svalová relaxace, reverze a monitorování bloku. Data mezi nemocnicemi porovnána (nepárový t-test, Fisherův přesný test, chí-kvadrát) na pětiprocentní hladině významnosti. Výsledky: Počet anesteziologických výkonů MB2011 2886, FNOL2011 4746. Celková anestezie byla poskytnuta častěji ve FNOL2011 (92,5 %) než v MB2011 (55,5 %, p < 0,0001), podíl regionální anestezie, případně s analgosedací činil v MB2011 27,3 %. V MB2011 byly nejčastější výkony kratší 60 minut (69,2 %), ve FNOL2011 výkony delší 60 minut (64,7 %). LMA byla požita častěji v MB2011 (26,5 %) než ve FNOL2011 (14,2 %, p < 0,0001). Více nemocných ve FNOL2011 bylo relaxováno (61,7 %), v MB2011 41,5 %, p < 0,0001. Nejčastějším relaxanciem bylo rokuronium (MB2011 88,5 %, FNOL2011 75,5 %, p < 0,0001). Hloubka relaxace byla monitorována u 52,1 % (MB2011), respektive 8,5 % nemocných (FNOL2011, p < 0,0001). Antagonizace bloku neostigminem u 89,8 % pacientů (MB2011) vs. 18,3 % (FNOL2011, p < 0,0001), průměrná dávka byla 0,024 ? 0,007 mg/kg (MB2011) vs. 0,019 ? 0,025 mg/kg (FNOL2011, p < 0,0001). Závěr: Prokázali jsme rozdíly v postupech anesteziologické péče mezi oblastní a fakultní nemocnicí. Klíčová slova: celková anestezie – dýchací cesty – svalová relaxace – reverze – monitorování

Objective: Comparison of general anaesthesia techniques focused on neuromuscular blockade in a regional and university hospitals. Design: Retrospective study, three-month analysis of anaesthesia charts. Setting: Departments of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of a regional and university hospitals. Materials and methods: Anaesthetic charts for all anae-stetic procedures performed in a regional (MB2011) and university (FNOL2011) hospitals during a 3-month period (September- November 2011) were analysed, focusing on patients‘ demographic data, type and lenght of anaesthesia, airway maintainance, neuromuscular blockade, techniques of block reversal and monitoring. The data were compared between the hospitals (unpaired t-test, Fisher exact, Chi-squared test) with statistical significance p < 0.05. Results: The total number of anaesthetic procedures performed in MB2011 was 2886, in FNOL2011 4746. General anaesthesia was more frequent in FNOL2011 (92.5%) than in MB2011 (55.5%, p < 0.0001), where 27.3% of procedures were performed in regional anaesthesia (alone or supplemented with analgosedation). Procedures lasting less than 60 minutes were more frequent in MB2011 (69.2%), whereas in FNOL2011 procedures lasting over 60 minutes prevailed (64.7%). LMA was used more often in MB2011 (26.5%) than in FNOL2011 (14.2%, p < 0.0001) for airway maintenance. Neuromuscular blockade was utilised more often in FNOL2011 (61.7%) than in MB2011 (41.5%, p < 0.0001). Rocuronium was the most frequently used NMBA (MB2011 88.5%, FNOL 75.5%, p < 0.0001). Depth of blockade was monitored in 52.1% patients in MB2011, compared to 8.5% patients in FNOL2011, p < 0.0001). Neuromuscular blockade was reversed with neostigmine in 89.8% patients (MB2011) vs. 18.3% (FNOL2011, p < 0.0001), with mean dose of 0.024 ? 0.007 mg/kg (MB2011) vs. 0.019 ? 0.025 mg/kg (FNOL2011, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: We observed differences in anaesthesia care procedures between a regional and university hospitals. Keywords: general anaesthesia – airway – neuromuscular blockade – reversal – monitoring

• Keywords
• reverze,
• MeSH
• Conscious Sedation statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Androstanols administration & dosage   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Anesthesia, General * methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Muscle Relaxants, Central administration & dosage   MeSH
• Surgical Procedures, Operative classification   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Anesthetics, Combined MeSH
• Laparoscopy statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Laryngeal Masks statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents administration & dosage   MeSH
• Hospitals, Teaching * MeSH
• Hospitals, District * MeSH
• Neostigmine administration & dosage   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Blocking Agents administration & dosage   MeSH
• Monitoring, Intraoperative statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Health Care Surveys statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Rocuronium MeSH
• Chi-Square Distribution MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Anesthesia, Conduction methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Airway Management methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Comparative Study MeSH

Cíl:Určit faktory ovlivňující antagonizaci nervosvalové blokády sugammadexem (S) vs. neostigminem (N) u IRE prostatektomie vyžadující hlubokou svalovou relaxaci. Typ studie: Retrospektivní studie formou rozboru anesteziologických záznamů. Pracoviště: Urologické oddělení a Anesteziologicko-resuscitační oddělení. Materiál a metody: V období XI/2011–III/2012 byly provedeny IRE prostatektomie u 35 mužů v doplňované anestezii se svalovou relaxací rokuroniem. Podle hloubky nervosvalové blokády na konci operace byl při hlubokém bloku (TOF-count 0, PTC ≥ 5) podán S 200 mg (BRIDION), při mělkém bloku (TOF-count ≥ 1) to byl N (NEOSTIGMIN). Analyzovali jsme dekurarizaci ve vztahu ke způsobu podání rokuronia (intubační dávce, celkové dávce, počtu doplňujících dávek, délce anestezie a ASA) pomocí neparametrického Mannova-Whitneyova testu a Fisherova přesného testu. Výsledky jsou uvedeny jako medián. Výsledky: U 22 pacientů (63 %) ve skupině BRIDION byl podán S v dávce 200 mg (2,21 mg/kg), u 13 (37 %) byl mělký blok antagonizován N (0,027 mg/kg).Ve skupině BRIDION byla podána vyšší celková dávka rokuronia absolutní (82,5 vs. 65 mg/kg p = 0,001) i přepočtená na tělesnou hmotnost (0,85 vs. 0,69 mg/kgp = 0,018), větší počet bolusů (p = 0,013) a anestezie byly delší (100 vs. 90 min, p = 0,044). Dávka S 200 mg byla dostatečná u 20 pacientů (91 %). U 2 pacientů, jimž byl S podán v nižší dávce (< 1,6 mg/kg), byla nutná doplňující dávka 100 mg S. Závěr:K antagonizaci hlubokého nervosvalového bloku při IRE prostatektomii je kombinace rokuronium-sugammadex nákladově efektivní. U obézních pacientů může být standardní dávka 200 mg sugammadexu (< 1,6 mg/kg) nedostatečná.

Objective:Assessment of factors influencing the reversal of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex (S) and neostigmin (N) in IRE prostatectomy requiring deep neuromuscular block until the end of surgery. Type:Retrospective study, analysis of anaesthesia charts. Setting: Department of Urology, Department of Anaesthe-siology and Intensive Therapy. Materials and methods: During a 5-month period (November 2011–March 2012) IRE prostatectomy were performed in 35 men in balanced general anaesthesia with rocuronium. At the end of surgery, S 200 mg (BRIDION) or N (NEOSTIGMIN) were administered for the reversal of deep block (TOF-count 0, PTC ≥ 5) or moderate block (TOF-count ≥ 1) respectively. We analysed the relation of the reversal to the rocuronium admini-stration: the intubation dose, total dose (absolute, per kg of body weight, number of supplementing boluses), duration of anaesthesia and ASA using non-parametric Mann Whitney and Fischer exact tests. Results are presented as mean values. Results:Sugammadex 200 mg (2.21 mg/kg) was administered in 22 (63%) patients with deep block (BRIDION group), neostigmin (0.027 mg/kg) in 13 (37%) patients with moderate block (NEOSTIGMIN group). Comparing to NEOSTIGMIN, higher doses of rocuronium – absolute dose (82.5 vs 65 mg, p = 0.001) and dose/kg bw (0.85 vs 0.69 mg/kg, p = 0.018) were given, the number of rocuronium boluses was higher (p = 0.013) and the anaesthesia was longer (100 vs 90 min, p = 0.044) in the BRIDION group. A dose of S 200 mg was sufficient in 20 patients (91 %) for block reversal. In 2 patients with a lower sugammadex dose (< 1.6 mg/kg), a supplement dose of 100 mg was required for complete block recovery after 3.5 min. Conclusion: In IRE prostatectomy, rocuronium-sugammadex combination appears to be a cost-effective strategy. A standard dose of 200 mg sugammadex at the end of surgery might be insufficient in obese patients (in doses < 1.6 mg/kg).

• MeSH
• Anesthesiology MeSH
• Anesthesia, General * methods   MeSH
• Electroporation * methods   MeSH
• gamma-Cyclodextrins * administration & dosage   pharmacology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prostatic Neoplasms * surgery   MeSH
• Neostigmine * administration & dosage   pharmacology   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Agents * MeSH
• Prostatectomy methods   MeSH
• Muscle Relaxation MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Body Weight MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Aflatoxins toxicity   MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease drug therapy   MeSH
• Berberine * analogs & derivatives   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors * pharmacology   chemistry   isolation & purification   classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cholinesterases chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Phenylcarbamates pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Physostigmine pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Insecticides chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Carbamates chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Carbofuran toxicity   MeSH
• Cognition Disorders drug therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Myasthenia Gravis drug therapy   MeSH
• Neostigmine administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Organophosphorus Compounds chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Parkinsonian Disorders drug therapy   MeSH
• Pesticides chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate * antagonists & inhibitors   chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Plants MeSH
• Tacrine * analogs & derivatives   pharmacology   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH

PURPOSE: Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is a method for stabilization of the lumbar spine. Intraoperatively, the surgeon identifies the lumbar nerve roots with a stimulator to prevent their injury. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which shallow rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block must be intraoperatively reversed for reliable identification of nerve roots. METHODS: General anesthesia (midazolam-propofol-sufentanil-oxygen/air/sevoflurane-rocuronium) was administered to all patients. Train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of the ulnar nerve at 15-s intervals and electromyographic response of the adductor pollicis muscle were used. During operation, the surgeon stimulated the lumbar nerve roots (5-10 mA) to identify their course. At the appearance of two twitches to the TOF stimuli, sugammadex (2 mg/kg) or neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg) was administered. When the response to nerve root stimulation appeared, the TOF ratio was recorded. RESULTS: When the response to nerve root stimulation with 10 mA became detectable, the median (range) TOF ratios were 0.67 (0.50-0.81) and 0.65 (0.42-0.71) after sugammadex and neostigmine, respectively. Similarly, TOF ratios at the first detectable response to stimulation with 5 mA were 0.88 (0.67-0.93) and 0.83 (0.61-0.93). After sugammadex and neostigmine, the respective intervals until TOF ratio ≥0.90 were 2.0 (0.8-3.3) and 15.9 (7.3-28.8) min. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative reversal of shallow rocuronium-induced block with either sugammadex or neostigmine is an efficient method. For reliable detection of lumbar nerve roots with a stimulating current of 10 mA, the block should be reversed to a TOF ratio of at least 0.70. For a current intensity of 5 mA, the TOF ratio should reach 0.90.

• MeSH
• Androstanols pharmacology   MeSH
• Anesthesia, General methods   MeSH
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors administration & dosage   MeSH
• Spinal Fusion methods   MeSH
• gamma-Cyclodextrins administration & dosage   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lumbosacral Region surgery   MeSH
• Spinal Nerve Roots drug effects   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents administration & dosage   MeSH
• Neostigmine administration & dosage   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Blockade methods   MeSH
• Spine surgery   MeSH
• Intraoperative Period MeSH
• Anesthesia Recovery Period MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

Cíl studie: Popis antagonizace mělkého bloku po rokuroniu podáním sugammadexu. Typ studie: Klinická, observační, retrospektivní, neintervenční. Typ pracoviště: Klinika anesteziologie a resuscitace fakultní nemocnice. Materiál a metoda: Retrospektivně jsme vyhodnotili průběh svalové relaxace po antagonizaci účinku rokuronia sugammadexem (2 mg . kg-1) u nemocných v doplňované anestezii plánované délky 45–60 minut. Nervosvalový přenos jsme měřili přístrojem TOF-Watch® SX (stimulace loketního nervu každých 15 s v režimu TOF, akcelerometrické stanovení odpovědi m. adductor pollicis). Po spontánním zotavení z nervosvalového bloku na TOF-count = 2 jsme podali sugammadex (2 mg . kg-1). Data (TOF-ratio, T1) jsme optickým kabelem přenášeli do počítače, popsali deskriptivními statistickými metodami a znázornili graficky. Výsledky: Analyzovali jsme data od 18 mužů a 14 žen, průměrného věku 46 let, hmotnosti 74 kg, výšky 170 cm a BMI 25,84 kg . m-2. Anestezie trvala průměrně 64 minut. Při spontánním odeznívání bloku se reakce na druhý impulz TOF (TOF-count = 2) objevila při průměrné hodnotě T1 = 19 %. Medián (horní a dolní kvartil) do adekvátního zotavení z bloku (TOF-ratio ? 0,9) byl 97,5 s (75; 130) od podání sugammadexu. Dostatečné zotavení z bloku nastalo u 13 % nemocných do jedné minuty, u 72 % nemocných do 2 minut a u všech nemocných do 3 minut od podání sugammadexu. Nezaznamenali jsme nežádoucí účinky spojené s aplikací sugammadexu. Závěr: Sugammadex (2 mg . kg-1) spolehlivě antagonizuje mělký blok (TOF-count = 2) po podání rokuronia. Adekvátního zotavení se dosáhne do tří minut po aplikaci sugammadexu.

Objective:To study the reversal of moderate rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block as part of balanced general anaesthesia with sugammadex 2 mg/kg. Design: Clinical, observational, retrospective, non-interventional study. Setting: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital. Materials and methods: The reversal of moderate rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block with sugammadex (2 mg/kg) was retrospectively studied. We used TOF stimulation of the ulnar nerve at 15-s intervals and measured the accelerometric response of the adductor pollicis muscle (TOF-Watch® SX). Following spontaneous recovery to TOF-count = 2, sugammadex (2 mg/kg) was administered and the reversal of the block was recorded. We transferred the data (TOF-ratio, T1) via a link to the computer and presented the results using descriptive statistics and graphs. Results:We analysed the data from 18 males and 14 females. The mean age was 46 years, mean weight 74 kg, mean height 170 cm and mean BMI 25.84 kg/m2. The mean duration of anaesthesia was 64 minutes. Du - ring spontaneous recovery from the block, the reaction to the second impulse in TOF (TOF-count = 2) was detected as early as T1 = 19 %. Median (quartiles) of time to full recovery (TOF-ratio ? 0.9) was 97.5 (75; 130) s following sugammadex administration. Full recovery was observed in 13 % patients at 1 minute, in 72 % at 2 minutes and in all the patients at 3 minutes. No adverse effects following sugammadex admini - stration were observed. Conclusion: Following sugammadex (2 mg/kg) administration, the reversal of moderate rocuronium-induced block was reliable and full recovery was reached within 3 minutes of sugammadex administration.

• Keywords
• antagonizace,
• MeSH
• Androstanols administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Anesthesia, General methods   utilization   MeSH
• gamma-Cyclodextrins administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Midazolam administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Neostigmine administration & dosage   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Blockade methods   utilization   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Agents antagonists & inhibitors   administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Propofol administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Muscle Relaxation drug effects   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Rocuronium MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Sufentanil administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Sugammadex MeSH
• Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Anaphylaxis chemically induced   MeSH
• Drug Evaluation MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents antagonists & inhibitors   pharmacology   adverse effects   MeSH
• Neostigmine administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Blockade methods   standards   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Blocking Agents pharmacology   adverse effects   MeSH
• Succinylcholine administration & dosage   pharmacology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Introductory Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• gamma-Cyclodextrins administration & dosage   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents antagonists & inhibitors   administration & dosage   MeSH
• Neostigmine administration & dosage   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Blockade methods   standards   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Blocking Agents administration & dosage   MeSH
• Intraoperative Care standards   MeSH
• Postoperative Care standards   MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH