Příspěvek se zaměřuje na spektrum terapeutických materiálů, které jsou vhodné k léčbě ran, ulcerací a lézí v genitoanální oblasti u žen. Přestože obsah článku se věnuje genitoanální oblasti u žen, předložená lokální terapie se používá ve stejné oblasti rovněž u mužů. Histologicky ženský a mužský genitál má shodné tkáně, které se rozlišují pouze anatomickými rysy. Poškození v genitoanální oblasti vyžadují materiály k opakované aplikaci během dne, cenově přijatelné, zmírňující bolest a zlepšující komfort pacientů. Názorné schéma v tabulce s terapeutickými materiály je rozděleno do tří oddílů, zahrnujících fázi zánětu s vysoušením spodiny rány, fázi podporující čištění ran a fázi regenerační. Do poškození v této oblasti lze zahrnout i iritační a postradiační dermatitis. Předložená kazuistika popisuje komplikovanou léčbu lézí v genitoanální oblasti u nespolupracující pacientky.
This article deals with the issue of the spectrum of therapeutic materials suitable for the treatment of wounds, ulcerations and lesions in the genitoanal area in women. Despite the fact that the content of the article is primarily dedicated to the female genitoanal area, the described local therapy is also applicable to men in the same region. Histologically, the female and male genitalia consist of identical tissues, which are distinguished only by anatomical features. Damage to the genitoanal area requires materials for repeated application during the day, are affordable, relieve pain and improve comfort of patients. The illustrative scheme in the table with therapeutic materials is divided into three sections, including the inflammation phase with drying of the wound bed, the phase supporting wound cleansing and the regeneration phase. Damage in this area may also involve irritant and post-radiation dermatitis. The presented case describes the complicated treatment of lesions in the genitoanal area of an uncooperative patient.
- MeSH
- hojení ran * účinky léků MeSH
- hydrogely aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- inkontinence moči patologie MeSH
- kontaktní dermatitida terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- masti aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- radiodermatitida terapie MeSH
- roztoky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- výkony cévní chirurgie metody MeSH
- ženské pohlavní orgány * patologie zranění MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Syndrom hyperaktivního močového měchýře je velmi častým důvodem přivádějícím pacienta do ambulance urologa. Vzhledem k jeho vysoké prevalenci u pacientů obou pohlaví a napříč všemi věkovými skupinami je vhodná dobrá orientace v jednotlivých léčebných možnostech. V posledních letech je trendem léčbu pacientovi tzv. "ušít na míru", tedy je preferován individualizovaný přístup. Ruku v ruce s tímto přístupem je vhodné následovat doporučené postupy Evropské urologické společnosti. Kromě konzervativních postupů týkajících se úpravy životního stylu, o nichž má pacient být vždy edukován, je základním stavebním kamenem léčby hyperaktivního močového měchýře farmakoterapie. V posledních letech se vedle tradičních antimuskarinik dostávají do popředí beta-3-mimetika.
Overactive bladder is a syndrome that leads many patients to visit a urological specialist. Due to its high prevalence in both males and females of any ages, urologist should be well informed about the diagnosis and its treatment. Nowadays, in addition to recommendations of European Association of Urology Guidelines, the treatment tends to be highly individualized. Beside conservative treatment, such as lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy represents a crucial treatment option. Antimuscarinics are considered a traditional pharmacological choice. Nevertheless, beta-3-mimetics have been successfully used as a combination therapy or even an effective replacement to antimuscarinics in recent years.
Matija MILANIC1,2, Rok HREN1,3,4, Jost STERGAR1,2, Urban SIMONCIC1,2 1Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Republic of Slovenia, 2Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Republic of Slovenia, 3Institute of Mathematics, Physics, and Mechanics, Ljubljana, Republic of Slovenia, 4Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary Physiol Res 2024 Mar 11;73(1):47-56. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.935138. PMID: 38466004 This paper has been retracted on the base of author ́s request.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kofein * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kůže * účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- spektrální analýza metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
University students frequently encounter stress and anxiety, impacting their autonomic nervous system and mental health. Rhythmic photic stimulation (RPS) at various frequencies is considered a potential intervention for anxiety and depression, but its effectiveness is not fully understood. This research aimed to assess the impact of RPS at theta (6 Hz), alpha (10 Hz), and beta (25 Hz) frequencies on autonomic nervous system regulation in university students, comparing the effects between those with and without depression symptoms. Conducted at a southern Taiwan university, this quasi-experimental study involved RPS interventions at specified frequencies, with pre and post assessments of heartbeat, blood pressure, and heart rate variability. Among 62 participants (average age 20.29±0.61), those without depression showed a notable blood pressure reduction following theta-frequency RPS compared to other frequencies (p<0.05). A similar pattern was observed when comparing non-depressed and depressed participants after theta-RPS, with depressed individuals experiencing an increase in sympathetic activity (p<0.05). RPS, particularly at theta frequency, can significantly influence the autonomic nervous system, suggesting a potential for reducing anxiety-related physiological markers in university students. Further verification with a larger and longitudinal study is warranted. Key words Binaural beat, Rhythmical photic stimulation, Autonomic nervous system, University student.
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém * fyziologie MeSH
- deprese patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- krevní tlak fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- srdeční frekvence * fyziologie MeSH
- studenti * psychologie MeSH
- světelná stimulace * metody MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- úzkost patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
To investigate the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on the cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD), while also identifying the cellular pathways associated with autophagy involved in the treatment. Twenty-four APP/PSl double transgenic mice were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B, while another 24 C57 mice were randomly allocated to Group C or Group D. HBOT was administered to mice in Group B and Group D, and the Morris water maze test was used to assess changes in mice behavior. Histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to observe pathological alterations in the hippocampus of the mice brain tissue. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to analyze autophagy-related gene pathways in the hippocampus of the mice. Following HBOT, mice in Group B exhibited a significant reduction in escape latency and a notable increase in residence time within the target quadrant compared with Group A (P<0.05), as well as Group C and Group D (P<0.01). The hippocampal neurons in Group A and Group B mice exhibited disorganized arrangements, characterized by pyknosis and margination. Conversely, neurons in Group C displayed orderly arrangements, retaining intact structures with round nuclei demonstrating clear nuclear staining and normal morphology. The cellular morphology of mice in Group D remained unaffected. PCR analysis revealed no notable disparity in autophagy-related gene expression between Group A and Group C. However, the expression levels of five genes including Tgfb1, Mapk14, Bid, Atg7, and Akt1, were significantly elevated in Group B compared to Group A. HBOT has the potential to improve the cognitive function in mice modeled with AD. This improvement of cognitive function appears to be mediated by the up-regulation of autophagy-related genes, specifically Tgfb1, Mapk14, Bid, Atg7, and Akt1. These results indicate that HBOT may offer a therapeutic strategy for treating AD by enhancing autophagy mechanisms. Key words Alzheimer's disease, Autophagy, Hyperbaric oxygen, Morris water maze, PCR.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * terapie metabolismus genetika psychologie MeSH
- autofagie * fyziologie MeSH
- hipokampus metabolismus patologie MeSH
- hyperbarická oxygenace * MeSH
- kognice * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL * MeSH
- myši transgenní * MeSH
- myši MeSH
- signální transdukce * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Berberine (BBR), a small molecule protoberberine isoquinoline alkaloid, is easy to cross the blood-brain barrier and is a potential drug for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we explored the role and molecular mechanism of BBR in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to determine AD pathology-associated gene modules and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were also identified. GO and KEGG analyses were performed for gene function and signaling pathway annotation. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was applied to analyze cell viability. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining assay was conducted to measure the levels of polarization markers. The production of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected using a ROS detection kit and a MMP Detection Kit (JC-1), respectively. AD pathology-associated DEGs were applied for GO function annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis, and the results uncovered that AD pathology was related to immune and inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure induced the M1 phenotype of microglia, and BBR suppressed LPS-induced M1 polarization and induced microglia toward M2 polarization. Through co-culture of microglia and neuronal cells, we found that BBR exerted a neuro-protective role by attenuating the injury of LPS-induced HMC3 on SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanically, BBR switched the M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia by activating PI3K-AKT signaling. In summary, BBR protected neuronal cells from activated microglia-mediated neuro-inflammation by switching the M1/M2 polarization in LPS-induced microglia via activating PI3K-AKT signaling. Key words Alzheimer's Disease, Berberine, Microglia polarization, Neuroinflammation, PI3K-AKT signaling.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * metabolismus farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- berberin * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- fosfatidylinositol-3-kinasy * metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroglie * účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neuroprotektivní látky * farmakologie MeSH
- polarita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-akt * metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce * účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD. RESULTS: Globally, 52% of adults and 27% of children with HeFH were overweight or obese, with the highest prevalence noted in Northern Africa/Western Asia. A higher overweight/obesity prevalence was found in non-high-income vs. high-income countries. Median age at familial hypercholesterolaemia diagnosis in adults with obesity was 9 years older than in normal weight adults. Obesity was associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile independent of lipid-lowering medication. Prevalence of coronary artery disease increased progressively across body mass index categories in both children and adults. Compared with normal weight, obesity was associated with higher odds of coronary artery disease in children (odds ratio 9.28, 95% confidence interval 1.77-48.77, adjusted for age, sex, lipids, and lipid-lowering medication) and coronary artery disease and stroke in adults (odds ratio 2.35, 95% confidence interval 2.10-2.63 and odds ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.27-2.14, respectively), but less consistently with peripheral artery disease. Adjusting for diabetes, hypertension and smoking modestly attenuated the associations. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are common in patients with HeFH and contribute to ASCVD risk from childhood, independent of LDL-C and lipid-lowering medication. Sustained body weight management is needed to reduce the risk of ASCVD in HeFH.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- heterozygot MeSH
- hyperlipoproteinemie typ II * epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol krev metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nadváha * epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- obezita * komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can be categorised into aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) NMOSD or seronegative NMOSD. While our knowledge of AQP4-IgG NMOSD has evolved significantly in the past decade, seronegative NMOSD remains less understood. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of relapses and treatment responses in AQP4-IgG NMOSD and seronegative NMOSD. METHODS: This was a multicentre, international, retrospective cohort study using the MSBase registry. Recurrent relapse risk was assessed using an Andersen-Gill model and risk of first relapse was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Covariates that putatively influence relapse risk included demographic factors, clinical characteristics and immunosuppressive therapies; the latter was assessed as a time-varying covariate. RESULTS: A total of 398 patients (246 AQP4-IgG NMOSD and 152 seronegative NMOSD) were included. The AQP4-IgG NMOSD and seronegative NMOSD patients did not significantly differ by age at disease onset, ethnicity or annualised relapse rate. Both low-efficacy and high-efficacy immunosuppressive therapies were associated with significant reductions in recurrent relapse risk, with notably greater protection conferred by high-efficacy therapies in both AQP4-IgG NMOSD (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.49, p<0.001) and seronegative NMOSD (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.51, p<0.001). Longer disease duration (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99, p<0.001) and male sex (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.84, p=0.007) were additional protective variables in reducing the recurrent relapse risk for the AQP4-IgG NMOSD group. CONCLUSION: Although further studies are needed to improve our understanding of seronegative NMOSD, our findings underscore the importance of aggressive treatment with high-efficacy immunotherapies in both NMOSD subtypes, regardless of serostatus.
- MeSH
- akvaporin 4 * imunologie MeSH
- autoprotilátky krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunoglobulin G * krev MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica * imunologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- recidiva * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
With an increasing focus on sustainable technologies in the pharmaceutical industry, milling provides a solvent-free approach to improve drug dissolution. Milling of drugs with an excipient offers additional opportunities to achieve supersaturation kinetics. Therefore, this work aims to present insights of co-milling fenofibrate and apremilast, two good glass formers with low and high glass transition temperatures (Tgs) respectively. Drugs were co-milled with croscarmellose sodium for various process durations followed by thermal analysis, investigation of crystallinity, surface area and dissolution. The dissolution enhancement of the low-Tg glass former fenofibrate highly correlated with the process-induced increase in surface area of co-milled systems (R2 = 0.96). In contrast, the high-Tg glass former apremilast lost its crystalline order gradually after ≥ 10 min of co-milling, and favourable supersaturation kinetics during biorelevant dissolution testing were observed. Interestingly, the melting point of co-milled apremilast decreased and linearly correlated with the highest measured drug concentration (cmax) during in vitro dissolution (onset temperature R2 = 0.98; peak temperature R2 = 0.96). The melting point depression remained stable after 90 days for apremilast, whereas fenofibrate co-milled for 20 min or more showed an increase in melting point upon storage. This study demonstrated that co-milling with croscarmellose sodium is ideally suited to good glass formers with a high Tg. The melting point depression is thereby proposed as an easily accessible critical quality attribute to estimate likely dissolution performance of drugs in dry co-milled formulations.
Androgen deprivation therapy has long been the first-line treatment for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). After progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) are commonly used. Recently, combined therapy with androgen deprivation and an ARPI has been recommended for metastatic HSPC patients. Novel markers are urgently needed for monitoring this disease and for making therapeutic decisions. Plasma samples were collected from 140 patients with either metastatic HSPC (n = 72) or CRPC (n = 68) before the start of ARPI therapy. Digital PCR was used to assess AR gene amplification, while the expression levels of miR-375 were measured by quantitative PCR. Sixteen other clinical markers were also evaluated, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), chromogranin A (CGA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and platelet count. A multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and metastatic dissemination, identified miR-375 expression and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio to be the independent negative predictors of ARPI therapy failure in CRPC patients. Regarding the HSPC patients, this article reports the primary finding of the independent negative predictive value of platelet count, CRP, and CGA for the failure of combined androgen deprivation therapy and ARPI.
- MeSH
- androgenní receptory genetika MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein * metabolismus MeSH
- chromogranin A * krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů MeSH
- mikro RNA * genetika krev MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery krev MeSH
- nádory prostaty rezistentní na kastraci * krev genetika patologie farmakoterapie diagnóza MeSH
- neúspěšná terapie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prostatický specifický antigen * krev MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- trombocyty * metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
