Výskyt průduškového astmatu (asthma bronchiale, dále jen astma) v dětském věku trvale v posledních dekádách v ekonomicky vyspělých zemích, kam se řadí i Česká republika, narůstá. Astma je nejčastější chronickou respirační chorobou dětského věku. Pokud je diagnóza stanovena včas a je včas zahájena účinná farmakoterapie, jejímž základem jsou inhalačními kortikosteroidy, a to bez ohledu na věk či fenotypy astmatu, je ve většině dosaženo plné kontroly astmatu. V podávání antiastmatik je preferována inhalační cesta, která je účinná, bezpečná, ale náročná na výběr správného inhalačního systému, nácvik správné inhalační techniky a na monitorování správné inhalační techniky.

The incidence of asthma in childhood has been steadily increasing in recent decades in economically developed countries, including the Czech Republic. Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood. If the diagnosis is made early and effective pharmacotherapy based on inhaled corticosteroids is initiated on time, regardless of age or asthma phenotypes, full asthma control is achieved in most cases. The inhalation route is preferred in the administration of antiasthmatic, which is effective, safe, but demanding in terms of choosing the right inhalation system, training the correct inhalation technique and monitoring the correct inhalation technique.

• MeSH
• Asthma * diagnosis   epidemiology   drug therapy   MeSH
• Bronchial Hyperreactivity diagnosis   drug therapy   physiopathology   MeSH
• Respiratory Therapy methods   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Disease Management MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Respiratory Tract Diseases diagnosis   epidemiology   drug therapy   MeSH
• Respiratory Function Tests methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Publication type
• Editorial MeSH

Dementia with Lewy bodies often presents with cholinergic degeneration and varying degrees of cerebrovascular disease. There is a lack of radiological methods for evaluating cholinergic degeneration in dementia with Lewy bodies. We investigated the potential of the Cholinergic Pathway Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS) in identifying cerebrovascular disease-related disruptions in cholinergic white matter pathways, offering a practical and accessible method for assessing cholinergic integrity in neurodegenerative diseases. We assessed the associations of CHIPS with regional brain atrophy, Alzheimer's disease co-pathology and clinical phenotype. Additionally, we compared its diagnostic performance to that of other manual and automated evaluation methods. We included 82 individuals (41 patients in the Lewy body continuum with either probable dementia with Lewy bodies or mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies, and 41 healthy controls) from the Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration cohort. We used CHIPS to assess cholinergic white matter signal abnormalities (WMSA) on MRI, while tractography mean diffusivity provided a complementary measure of cholinergic WMSA. For global WMSA evaluation, we used the Fazekas scale and FreeSurfer. CHIPS successfully identified cerebrovascular disease-related disruptions in cholinergic white matter pathways, as evidenced by its association with tractography and global WMSA markers (P < 0.005 for all associations). Lewy body patients showed a significantly higher degree of WMSA in the external capsule cholinergic pathway despite no significant differences in global WMSA compared to controls. CHIPS score in the posterior external capsule and the mean diffusivity in the external capsule and cingulum exceeded the threshold for an optimal biomarker (sensitivity and specificity values above 80%) in discriminating Lewy body patients from controls. Furthermore, higher CHIPS scores, Fazekas scale and tractography mean diffusivity were associated with more pronounced frontal atrophy in Lewy body patients but not in controls. No associations were found for the four WMSA and integrity methods with the core clinical features, clinical or cognitive measures, or CSF biomarkers. In conclusion, cholinergic WMSA were more pronounced in Lewy body patients compared to healthy controls, independently of global WMSA. Our findings indicate that cerebrovascular disease-related disruptions in cholinergic white matter may be linked to frontal atrophy in Lewy body patients. Clinically, we demonstrate the potential of CHIPS to assess cholinergic WMSA using widely available MRI sequences. Our data suggest cerebrovascular disease co-pathology could drive the cholinergic degeneration in Lewy body patients, opening opportunities for therapeutic interventions targeting vascular health from mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies through manifest dementia with Lewy bodies.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Publikace obsahuje práci přednesenou na kongresu, který se zaměřil na roli biomarkerů u Alzheimerovy nemoci. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease MeSH
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Publication type
• Congress MeSH
• News MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• neurologie

Leták, který informuje o přenosu svrabu a o jeho léčbě. Určeno široké veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• Arachnid Vectors MeSH
• Hygiene MeSH
• Communicable Disease Control MeSH
• Scabies * MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• parazitologie
• dermatovenerologie
• zdravotní výchova
• NML Publication type
• informační publikace

Publikace se zaměřuje na nutriční podporu a aktivizaci rizikových pacientů, zejména na fyzickou aktivitu a soběstačnost rizikových pacientů. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Publikace o vlivu výživy, aktivizace a o podpoře soběstačnosti u rizikových pacientů a o vlivu na jejich kvalitu života. Obsahuje komplexně zpracované nejnovější vědecké poznatky o výživě a jejím vlivu na funkční stav rizikových pacientů. V jednotlivých kapitolách jsou prezentovány klinické zkušenosti o vzájemné podmíněnosti výživy a fyzické aktivity u geriatrických pacientů, onkologicky nemocných, pacientů po překonání náhlé cévní mozkové příhody, s chronickými respiračními onemocněními a kriticky nemocné. Uvedené oblasti jsou zpracovány z pohledu několika vědních oborů – gerontologie, ošetřovatelství, fyzioterapie a sociální práce. Monografie je určena studentům medicíny, ošetřovatelství, fyzioterapie, sociální práce a všem zdravotnickým i sociálním pracovníkům, kteří se starají o uvedenou skupinu pacientů, ale i rodinným příslušníkům a neprofesionálním pečovatelům.

• Keywords
• aktivizace,
• MeSH
• Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Nutritional Support MeSH
• Motor Activity MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Independent Living MeSH

• Conspectus
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NML Fields
• nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

This study aimed to determine the paraoxonase activity and prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the brain tissue of Wistar rats following subacute treatment with selected K-oximes. Each K-oxime was administered intramuscularly (0.1 LD50/kg) twice per week for four weeks, and 7 days after the last treatment, the paraoxonase activity (PON1), the prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), the levels of superoxide anion radical (O2•-), the concentration of nitrite (NO2-) and the content of free protein thiol groups in the brain homogenates were evaluated. The PON1 and PAB activity were significantly reduced in almost all oxime-treated groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). The concentrations of O2•- were significantly increased in the obidoxime-, K048-, K074- and K075-treated groups (p < 0.001), while the levels of NO2- was significantly decreased in asoxime-, obidoxime-, K074 and K075-treated rats (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). The content of Thiol groups was significantly elevated in all oxime-treated groups (p < 0.001). Continuing our previously published data, these results confirmed that applied K-oximes improved the oxidative status and further harmful systemic effects of rats after subacute administration.

• MeSH
• Antioxidants * metabolism   MeSH
• Aryldialkylphosphatase * metabolism   MeSH
• Nitrites metabolism   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Brain * drug effects   metabolism   enzymology   MeSH
• Oximes * pharmacology   administration & dosage   MeSH
• Rats, Wistar MeSH
• Sulfhydryl Compounds metabolism   MeSH
• Superoxides metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

There is striking evidence that a high lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration is a strong, independent, and causal cardiovascular risk factor. However, Lp(a) testing rates are very low (1 %-2 %) despite the fact that 1 in 5 individuals have elevated Lp(a) concentrations. The Brussels International Declaration on Lp(a) Testing and Management was co-created by the Lp(a) International Task Force and global leaders at the Lp(a) Global Summit, held in Brussels, Belgium, on March 24-25, 2025. The event, organized by FH Europe Foundation, brought together scientific experts, people with the lived experience of elevated Lp(a) and policy makers from the European Institutions and World Health Organization. The World Heart Federation, Global Heart Hub, and European Alliance for Cardiovascular Health and scientific organizations such as European Atherosclerosis Society, and International Atherosclerosis Society were formal partners. The Summit was hosted by a Member of the European Parliament, Romana Jerković, and held under the patronage of the Polish presidency of the Council of the European Union. The Declaration calls for 1) integration of Lp(a) testing and management into Global, European and National Cardiovascular Health Plans; 2) appropriate investment, policy and programmes in targeting Lp(a) testing and management based on a recent study demonstrating the substantial overall cost-saving to health systems across the globe; 3) political commitment to mandate systematic Lp(a) testing at least once during a person's lifetime, ideally at an early age, with full reimbursement; 4) incorporation of Lp(a) test results in the context of a person's cardiovascular risk assessment, with development of personalised cardiovascular health roadmaps as needed, without fear of dredit aiscrimination; 5) investment in public and healthcare professional education to increase awareness of Lp(a) and its impact on cardiovascular health.

• MeSH
• Biomarkers blood   MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases * blood   diagnosis   prevention & control   epidemiology   MeSH
• Consensus MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lipoprotein(a) * blood   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The substantial improvement in early-stage cervical cancer survival rates has given rise to the significance of subsequent quality of life. This study aims to assess the quality of life in patients subjected to radical and conservative surgeries for cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred patients diagnosed with early-stage cervical cancer (stages IA2-IIA1) undergoing surgical treatment were enrolled in our study between 2007 and 2011. Patients completed quality of life questionnaires EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CX24, distributed before the surgery, 6, 12, and 120 months after the procedure. At the final 120-month follow-up, 54 patients remained eligible for inclusion. 23 patients ("CONS group") underwent laparoscopic lymphadenectomy combined with hysterectomy or simple trachelectomy. The remaining 31 patients ("RAD group") underwent abdominal radical hysterectomy type C1. RESULTS: At the 6-month post-surgery assessment, the RAD group reported a significantly higher incidence of menopausal symptoms, decline in physical functioning and concern regarding their sexual well-being. CONS group patients reported notable exacerbation of lymphedema and neuropathy-related symptoms but only a slight decline in physical functioning. Additionally, their role functioning, emotional well-being, and social functioning significantly improved compared to their preoperative baseline. At the 120-month postoperative assessment the RAD group showed a significant decline in several parameters, including lymphedema, peripheral neuropathy, postmenopausal symptoms, fatigue, pain, and physical functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer treatment is invariably associated with a negative long-term impact on quality of life, RAD group demonstrated poorer outcomes than the CONS group across multiple parameters but even the CONS group exhibited long-term effects of the surgery.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Hysterectomy * methods   adverse effects   MeSH
• Quality of Life * MeSH
• Laparoscopy MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lymph Node Excision methods   adverse effects   MeSH
• Lymphedema etiology   epidemiology   MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms * surgery   pathology   psychology   MeSH
• Follow-Up Studies MeSH
• Postoperative Complications MeSH
• Postoperative Period MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Neoplasm Staging MeSH
• Trachelectomy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH