BACKGROUND: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is linked to various mental health issues, but the relationship between PSU, bedtime procrastination, and mental health symptoms is unclear. Sleep factors related to PSU and its mental health effects have been understudied. This study explores the longitudinal associations between PSU, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and mental health in university students. METHODS: In this study, a total of 683 university students participated by completing questionnaires on Smart Phone Addiction (SAS) scale, Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) across two different time points with six-months interval between them. The participants were selected using a cluster sampling technique from Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. A cross-lagged model was utilized to assess the longitudinal association between these variables. RESULTS: Statistically significant reciprocal associations were found between PSU, bedtime procrastination, and mental health symptoms. PSU at Time 1 significantly predicted PSU at Time 2, bedtime procrastination at Time 2, sleep quality at Time 2, and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Bedtime procrastination at Time 1 predicted PSU at Time 2, sleep quality at Time 2, and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Sleep quality at Time 1 predicted bedtime procrastination at Time 2 and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Mental health symptoms at Time 1 predicted PSU at Time 2 and sleep quality at Time 2. CONCLUSION: The research findings have significantly advanced understanding of the longitudinal connections between PSU, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and mental health indicators. This enhanced comprehension is instrumental for psychological practitioners in devising targeted interventions to mitigate such issues among the university student demographic.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Astrocytes have recently gained attention as key players in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Numerous differentiation protocols have been developed to study human astrocytes in vitro. However, the properties of the resulting glia are inconsistent, making it difficult to select an appropriate method for a given research question. Therefore, we compared three approaches for the generation of iPSC-derived astrocytes. We performed a detailed analysis using a widely used long serum-free (LSFP) and short serum-free (SSFP) protocol, as well as a TUSP protocol using serum for a limited time of differentiation. RESULTS: We used RNA sequencing and immunochemistry to characterize the cultures. Astrocytes generated by the LSFP and SSFP methods differed significantly in their characteristics from those generated by the TUSP method using serum. The TUSP astrocytes had a less neuronal pattern, showed a higher degree of extracellular matrix formation, and were more mature. The short-term presence of FBS in the medium facilitated the induction of astroglia characteristics but did not result in reactive astrocytes. Data from cell-type deconvolution analysis applied to bulk transcriptomes from the cultures assessed their similarity to primary and fetal human astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our analyses highlight the need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of a given differentiation protocol for solving specific research tasks or drug discovery studies with iPSC-derived astrocytes.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: We would like to present an unusual case of simultaneous stenosis of renal graft artery and vein diagnosed four months after transplantation. both treated by stent placement. Our aim is to point at the fact that renal graft venous stenosis is very rarely reported in the literature and - as it is not easy to diagnose by routine US - it could be overlooked. If early detected it can be treated by stent placement. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of 36-old-male with renal failure who received a kidney graft from deceased donor. The patient experienced delayed graft function. No rejection was found in the biopsy. Four months after transplantation the kidney function deteriorated to sCr 280 μmol/l. Graft artery stenosis together with graft vein stenosis was revealed. Both lesions were dilated with stent placement, the graft function returned to 230 μmol/l and became stable for 10 years. Ten years after stent placement graft function deteriorated to 300 μmol/l. An in stent restenosis of arterial stent was detected. It was successfully dilated by the balloon, the graft function returned to 230 μmol/l and stays stable for another 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: An unusual simultaneous transplanted kidney artery and vein stenosis treated by stent placement is presented. The patient had stable graft function for 15 years after the procedure with one re-intervention on arterial stent.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The Roma are Europe's largest ethnic minority group, and often face discrimination and social exclusion. Social strife and lack of access to healthcare are associated with increased symptoms of psychopathology. We aimed to review evidence on mental health outcomes and on access to mental healthcare among the Roma population in Europe. We systematically searched five databases (PsycINFO, Global Health, Social Policy and Practice, Web of Science and PubMed) and conducted a grey literature search in August 2020. We identified 133 studies, 26 of which were included for final analysis. We present the results using a narrative synthesis. The available literature indicates a relatively high prevalence of anxiety, depression and substance abuse among Roma, and females seem to be more affected than males. Roma children exhibit more externalizing and internalizing disorders when compared with non-Roma children. Mental health and perceived well-being among the Roma population are strongly linked to social determinants of health such as housing or economic income. Access to mental healthcare is limited for Roma people because of several barriers pertaining to language, lack of information regarding available services, and the insurance and economic status of Roma people. Roma people report mainly negative experiences with mental health services, including a lack of understanding from healthcare providers, and instances of racism and discrimination. There is a need for more research on mental health and access to healthcare in Roma people. Future studies should be participatory in order to provide guidelines for mental healthcare that addresses the needs of the Roma population.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dostupnost zdravotnických služeb MeSH
- duševní zdraví MeSH
- etnicita psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- menšiny MeSH
- Romové * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
It is unknown whether the currently known risk factors of multiple sclerosis reflect the etiology of progressive-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) as observational studies rarely included analysis by type of onset. We designed a case-control study to examine associations between environmental factors and POMS and compared effect sizes to relapse-onset MS (ROMS), which will offer insights into the etiology of POMS and potentially contribute to prevention and intervention practice. This study utilizes data from the Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) Study and the Australian Multi-center Study of Environment and Immune Function (the AusImmune Study). This report outlines the conduct of the PPMS Study, whether the POMS sample is representative, and the planned analysis methods. The study includes 155 POMS, 204 ROMS, and 558 controls. The distributions of the POMS were largely similar to Australian POMS patients in the MSBase Study, with 54.8% female, 85.8% POMS born before 1970, mean age of onset of 41.44 ± 8.38 years old, and 67.1% living between 28.9 and 39.4° S. The POMS were representative of the Australian POMS population. There are some differences between POMS and ROMS/controls (mean age at interview: POMS 55 years vs. controls 40 years; sex: POMS 53% female vs. controls 78% female; location of residence: 14.3% of POMS at a latitude ≤ 28.9°S vs. 32.8% in controls), which will be taken into account in the analysis. We discuss the methodological issues considered in the study design, including prevalence-incidence bias, cohort effects, interview bias and recall bias, and present strategies to account for it. Associations between exposures of interest and POMS/ROMS will be presented in subsequent publications.
- MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
Téma bylo zpracováno formou diplomové práce, která se zabývá podpůrnými respiračními, ventilačními a neinvazivními technikami dechové podpory, které souvisejí s celosvětovou pandemií covidu-19, která v období 2020–2021 ovlivnila život mnoha lidí. Během pandemie se v nemocnicích rozšířila terapie vysokoprůtokovým nosním kyslíkem (HFNC –high-flow nasal cannul; high-flow) jakožto možná alternativa umělé plicní ventilace (UPV) u covid pozitivních pacientů. Práce se zabývá problematikou, zda HFNC může být alternativou UPV u covid pozitivních pacientů v intenzivní péči. Empirická část vyplývá z kvantitativních výzkumů. První výzkum byl zaměřen na sestry a jejich zkušenosti a znalosti s technikou HFNC, jejím principem a fungováním, a to prostřednictvím rozeslaných dotazníků. Druhý výzkum byl zpracován sběrem sekundárních dat za pomoci statistické analýzy. Ve druhém kvantitativním šetření bylo cílem znázornění ventilačních režimů u všech hospitalizovaných pacientů, kteří podstoupili terapii na UPV či HFNC, zjistit, zda je HFNC alternativou UPV u covid pozitivních pacientů a zda nedošlo k jejímu selhání během terapie.
The topic was explored through a master’s thesis that focuses on supportive respiratory, ventilatory, and non-invasive techniques of respiratory assistance related to the global covid-19 pandemic, which affected the lives of many people during the period of 2020–2021. During this pandemic, the use of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (high-flow) proliferated in hospitals as a potential alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation for covid-positive patients. The thesis addresses the question of whether high-flow can serve as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation for covid-positive patients in intensive care. The empirical part is derived from quantitative research. The first study focused on nurses and their experiences and knowledge of the high-flow technique, its principles, and its functioning, through distributed questionnaires. The second study utilized secondary data collection and statistical analysis. In the second quantitative investigation, the goal was to depict ventilation strategies in all hospitalized patients who underwent therapy with either invasive mechanical ventilation or high-flow, to determine whether high-flow can serve as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation for covid-positive patients, and whether its failure occurred during the therapy.
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