Úvod a cíl práce: Okulo-aurikulo-vertebrální spektrum (OAVS) je vrozený komplex malformací s extrémně variabilním fenotypem. Jsou postiženy jednostranně obličejové struktury vznikající během embryonálního vývoje z prvního a druhého žaberního oblouku a zasahující první žaberní váček, první žaberní štěrbinu a základ temporální kosti. Cílem předkládané práce je seznámit čtenáře s klinickým obrazem onemocnění, jehož nejnápadnějším projevem je faciální asymetrie provázená řadou funkčních poruch, a dále představit neinvazivní vyšetřovací metody 3D morfometrie, která umožňuje systematické sledování a vyhodnocování rozvoje a rozsahu morfologické deviace a asymetrie obličeje. Metoda: U šesti pacientů (ve věkovém rozmezí od šesti do 15 let; 5 , 1 ) s okulo-aurikulo-vertebrálním spektrem bylo vytvořeno přesné geometrické 3D zobrazení obličeje pacientů optickou metodou – stereofotogrammetrií. Pomocí metody CPD-DCA (coherent point drift – dense correspondence analysis) byla provedena vzájemná registrace faciálních modelů. U každého pacienta byl zkonstruován dokonale symetrický obličej. Rozdíly mezi konstruovaným symetrickým obličejem a skutečným obličejem byly znázorněny pomocí barevné mapy. Takto zobrazené individuální asymetrie pacientů byly kvantitativně zpracovány a analyzovány v časovém rozpětí 9–23 měsíců. Výsledky: Prokázaly se pouze malé rozdíly ve změně asymetrie obličeje pacientů s OAVS, což svědčí o nevýznamné dynamice rozvoje faciálních malformací u pacientů s tímto onemocněním. Nenašli jsme závislost mezi změnami reliéfu obličeje a věkem pacienta během sledovaného období. Taktéž nebyla nalezena korelace mezi závažností vady a rozvojem asymetrie. Oproti předpokladům se nepotvrdilo významné zhoršování morfologie obličeje u rostoucích pacientů s OAVS, což umožňuje uspokojivou kompenzaci vady včasnou ortodontickou léčbou. Neinvazivní 3D morfometrické vyšetření obličeje je optimální metodou pro sledování vývoje obličejových asymetrií.
Introduction and aim: Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a congenital complex of extremely variable phenotypes. Typically, unilaterally aff ected structures are facial structures developing from the fi rst and second branchial arches and fi rst pharyngeal pouch and fi rst branchial cleft and the basis of temporal bone. The aim is to introduce the clinical conditions of the disease whose facial asymmetry is accompanied by a number of functional disorders. Moreover, it presents non-invasive 3D morphometry, that enables evaluation of the morphological deviation of the aff ected area. Methods: An accurate geometric 3D image of the patient's face was created by the optical method – stereophotogrammetry in six patients (age from 6 to 15; 5 , 1 ) with OAVS. Using the construction of dense correspondence mapping by CPD-DCA (coherent point drift – dense correspondence analysis) method between facial meshes, model registration were performed. A perfectly symmetrical face was constructed for each patient. The diff erences between the constructed symmetrical face and the real patient's face were shown using a color map. The individual asymmetry thus displayed was quantitatively processed and analyzed over a period of nine to 23 months. Results: Only minor differences in facial asymmetry of OAVS patients have been demonstrated, suggesting an insignificant dynamics in the development of facial malformations in patients with this disease. We did not find a dependence between face relief changes and patient age during the reference period. There was also no correlation between the severity of the defect and the development of asymmetry. Conclusion: Significant worsening of facial morphology in growing OAVS patients has not been confirmed as supposed. That allows satisfactory compensation of defects by early orthodontic treatment. Non-invasive 3D morphometric facial scanning is an optimal method for monitoring the development of facial asymmetries.
- Keywords
- 3D morfometrie, morfometrie,
- MeSH
- Facial Asymmetry diagnostic imaging physiopathology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Goldenhar Syndrome * history diagnostic imaging physiopathology MeSH
- Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Abnormalities, Multiple diagnostic imaging physiopathology MeSH
- Face abnormalities diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
Reconstruction with the use of custom-made implants aims at optimal replacement of lost or damaged bone structures and restoration of their funkction. In this study the development and construction of a custom-made implant and the operative technique used for the treatment of an extensive tibial defect are described. The patient was a 65-year-old man treated for over 20 years for psoriatic arthritis and severe instability of the right knee, particularly in the frontal plane, with a worsening varus deformity. The radiogram showed an extensive destruction of the medial tibial condyle that also deeply involved the lateral condyle. The extent of defect made it impossible to use any commercial tibial augmentation. The geometry of the custom-designed implant for the medial tibial condyle was constructed on the basis of a 3D defect model and the shape of the medial tibial condyle of the collateral knee seen on CT scans. After its correct shape was verified on a plastic model, its coordinates were set in the software of a machine tool, and a titanium augmentation otherwise compatible with a standard knee replacement was produced.The use of such a custom implant to complete standard total knee arthroplasty has so far been demanding in terms of organisation and manufacture. Its production in the future could be facilitated by substituting titanium for plastic material such as poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK). Key words: custom-made implant, tibial augmentation, knee prosthesis.
A thermoresponsive Pluronic/alginate semisynthetic hydrogel is used to bioprint 3D hepatic constructs, with the aim to investigate liver-specific metabolic activity of the 3D constructs compared to traditional 2D adherent cultures. The bioprinting method relies on a bioinert hydrogel and is characterized by high-shape fidelity, mild depositing conditions and easily controllable gelation mechanism. Furthermore, the dissolution of the sacrificial Pluronic templating agent significantly ameliorates the diffusive properties of the printed hydrogel. The present findings demonstrate high viability and liver-specific metabolic activity, as assessed by synthesis of urea, albumin, and expression levels of the detoxifying CYP1A2 enzyme of cells embedded in the 3D hydrogel system. A markedly increased sensitivity to a well-known hepatotoxic drug (acetaminophen) is observed for cells in 3D constructs compared to 2D cultures. Therefore, the 3D model developed herein may represent an in vitro alternative to animal models for investigating drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
'Bioinks' are important tools for the fabrication of artificial living-tissue constructs that are able to mimic all properties of native tissues via 3D bioprinting technologies. Bioinks are most commonly made by incorporating live cells of interest within a natural or synthetic biocompatible polymeric matrix. In oncology research, the ability to recreate a tumor microenvironment (TME) using by 3D bioprinting constitutes a promising approach for drug development, screening, and in vitro cancer modeling. Here, we review the different types of bioink used for 3D bioprinting, with a focus on its application in cancer management. In addition, we consider the fabrication of bioink using customized materials/cells and their properties in the field of cancer drug discovery.
- MeSH
- Microscopy, Electron methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Models, Structural MeSH
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods instrumentation MeSH
- Muscle Cells ultrastructure MeSH
- Models, Theoretical MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Precise control over the ultrasound field parameters experienced by biological samples during sonication experiments in vitro may be quite challenging. The main goal of this work was to outline an approach to construction of sonication test cells that would minimize the interaction between the test cells and ultrasound. METHODS: Optimal dimensions of the test cell were determined through measurements conducted in a water sonication tank using 3D-printed test objects. The offset of local acoustic intensity variability inside the sonication test cell was set to value of ±50% of the reference value (i.e., local acoustic intensity measured at last axial maximum in the free-field condition). The cytotoxicity of several materials used for 3D printing was determined using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. RESULTS: The sonication test cells were 3D printed from polylactic acid material, which was not toxic to the cells. Silicone membrane HT-6240, which was used to construct the bottom of the test cell, was found to reduce ultrasound energy minimally. Final ultrasound profiles inside the sonication test cells indicated the desired variability of local acoustic intensity. The cell viability in our sonication test cell was comparable to that of commercial culture plates with bottoms constructed with silicone membrane. CONCLUSION: An approach to construction of sonication test cells minimizing the interaction of the test cell and ultrasound has been outlined.
The problem of designing tablet geometry and its internal structure that results into a specified release profile of the drug during dissolution was considered. A solution method based on parametric programming, inspired by CAD (computer-aided design) approaches currently used in other fields of engineering, was proposed and demonstrated. The solution of the forward problem using a parametric series of structural motifs was first carried out in order to generate a library of drug release profiles associated with each structural motif. The inverse problem was then solved in three steps: first, the combination of basic structural motifs whose superposition provides the closest approximation of the required drug release profile was found by a linear combination of pre-calculated release profiles. In the next step, the final tablet design was constructed and its dissolution curve found computationally. Finally, the proposed design was 3D printed and its dissolution profile was confirmed experimentally. The computational method was based on the numerical solution of drug diffusion in a boundary layer surrounding the tablet, coupled with erosion of the tablet structure encoded by the phase volume function. The tablets were 3D printed by fused deposition modelling (FDM) from filaments produced by hot-melt extrusion. It was found that the drug release profile could be effectively controlled by modifying the tablet porosity. Custom release profiles were obtained by combining multiple porosity regions in the same tablet. The computational method yielded accurate predictions of the drug release rate for both single- and multi-porosity tablets.
Simple analytical devices suitable for the analysis of various biochemical and immunechemical markers are highly desirable and can provide laboratory diagnoses outside standard hospitals. This study focuses on constructing an easily reproducible do-it-yourself ELISA plate reader biosensor device, assembled from generally available and inexpensive parts. The colorimetric biosensor was based on standard 96-well microplates, 3D-printed parts, and a smartphone camera as a detector was utilized here as a tool to replace the ELISA method, and its function was illustrated in the assay of TNFα as a model immunochemical marker. The assay provided a limit of detection of 19 pg/mL when the B channel of the RGB color model was used for calibration. The assay was well correlated with the ELISA method, and no significant matrix effect was observed for standard biological samples or interference of proteins expected in a sample. The results of this study will inform the development of simple analytical devices easily reproducible by 3D printing and found on generally available electronics.
Recent advances in unmanned aerial technology have substantially lowered the cost associated with aerial imagery. As a result, forensic practitioners are today presented with easy low-cost access to aerial photographs at remote locations. The present paper aims to explore boundaries in which the low-end drone technology can operate as professional crime scene equipment, and to test the prospects of aerial 3D modeling in the forensic context. The study was based on recent forensic cases of falls from height admitted for postmortem examinations. Three mock outdoor forensic scenes featuring a dummy, skeletal remains and artificial blood were constructed at an abandoned quarry and subsequently documented using a commercial DJI Phantom 2 drone equipped with a GoPro HERO 4 digital camera. In two of the experiments, the purpose was to conduct aerial and ground-view photography and to process the acquired images with a photogrammetry protocol (using Agisoft PhotoScan® 1.2.6) in order to generate 3D textured models. The third experiment tested the employment of drone-based video recordings in mapping scattered body parts. The results show that drone-based aerial photography is capable of producing high-quality images, which are appropriate for building accurate large-scale 3D models of a forensic scene. If, however, high-resolution top-down three-dimensional scene documentation featuring details on a corpse or other physical evidence is required, we recommend building a multi-resolution model by processing aerial and ground-view imagery separately. The video survey showed that using an overview recording for seeking out scattered body parts was efficient. In contrast, the less easy-to-spot evidence, such as bloodstains, was detected only after having been marked properly with crime scene equipment.
- MeSH
- Video Recording instrumentation MeSH
- Photography instrumentation MeSH
- Photogrammetry MeSH
- Blood Stains MeSH
- Aircraft * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Computer Simulation MeSH
- Forensic Sciences instrumentation MeSH
- Remote Sensing Technology * MeSH
- Body Remains MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
