V souladu s cíly programu Světové zdravotnické organizace „Zdraví pro všechny ve 21. století“ je v České republice každoročně prováděna administrativní kontrola proočkovanosti u dětí podle jednotných kritérií stanovených hlavním hygienikem ČR. V roce 2010 byla kontrolována proočkovanost proti 9 vybraným infekčním onemocněním, která jsou z pohledu platné legislativy začleněna do povinného očkování, a to u dětí s příjmení začínajícím písmenem „L“, se stavem k 31. prosinci 2010. Výsledky kontroly ukázaly, že u kontrolovaných kohort dětí dosahuje proočkovanost v celostátním měřítku adekvátní úrovně k navození kolektivní imunity proti vybraným infekčním onemocněním.
In line with the objectives of the World Health Organization global strategy „Health for all in the 21st century“, annual administrative estimates of vaccination coverage in children have been performed in the Czech Republic according to the uniform criteria set by the Chief Public Health Officer. In 2010, the vaccine coverage rates for nine selected infectious diseases included in the compulsory childhood immunization schedule in accordance with the Czech regulations were estimated in children whose surname started with the letter L, based on administrative data reported by December 31, 2010. The results confirmed that the national vaccine coverage rates in the cohorts of children analyzed were as high as needed to induce herd immunity against the selected infectious diseases.
- Keywords
- infekční onemocnění, děti, kontrola,
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Haemophilus influenzae type b pathogenicity MeSH
- Hepatitis B prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Communicable Diseases etiology transmission MeSH
- Community Medicine methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Communicable Disease Control methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Poliomyelitis prevention & control MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine therapeutic use MeSH
- Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine therapeutic use MeSH
- Vaccination statistics & numerical data trends utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
- MeSH
- Biodiversity MeSH
- Ecology MeSH
- Ecosystem * MeSH
- Access to Information * MeSH
- Plants MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Routine vaccination of certain groups of persons, including children and the elderly might provide additional protection to persons at risk for influenza complications and reduce the overall influenza burden. The aim of the paper was to estimate the influenza vaccine coverage in persons aged 0–4 years and >65 years in Poland in 2004–2007. Official data collected by National Institute of Hygiene, National Institute of Public Health and Central Statistical Office were analyzed. Among vaccinations performed in all persons, the percentage of vaccinations performed in children aged 0–4 years varied from 1.6% to 2.0%. The estimated vaccination coverage in this age group of population was <2%. Among persons aged >65 years the influenza vaccine coverage increased from 7% in 2004 to 14% in 2007. Subjects aged >65 years represented 25–36% of all vaccinated individuals. The influenza vaccination rates among age-related risk groups in Poland remain low. No or very low increase in a total vaccination coverage rates, as demonstrated in our paper, indicates that meeting the WHO targets concerning influenza vaccination coverage will be very difficult, if no further action is taken concerning vaccine uptake.
- MeSH
- Influenza, Human complications prevention & control MeSH
- Mass Vaccination methods statistics & numerical data utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Immunization Programs methods statistics & numerical data utilization MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Influenza Vaccines immunology therapeutic use MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Geographicals
- Poland MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The Raise Awareness of Influenza Strategies in Europe (RAISE) group gathered information about the healthcare burden of influenza (hospitalizations, intensive care unit [ICU] admissions, and excess deaths), surveillance systems, and the vaccine coverage rate (VCR) in older adults in 18 European countries and Israel. AREAS COVERED: Published medical literature and official medical documentation on the influenza disease burden in the participating countries were reviewed from 2010/11 until the 2022/23 influenza seasons. Information on the framework for monitoring the disease burden and the provision for ensuring older adults had access to vaccination in their respective countries was provided. Data on influenza VCR in older adults were collected for the 2019/20 to 2022/23 influenza seasons. Data are reported descriptively. EXPERT OPINION: Influenza presents a significant healthcare burden in older adults. Reporting outcomes across participating countries is heterogeneous, highlighting the need for standardized approaches. Although older adults receive free influenza vaccination, vaccine uptake is highly variable among countries. Moreover, hospitalization rates remain high even in countries reporting a high VCR. Increased awareness and education on the burden of disease and the broader use of improved influenza vaccines for older adults may help reduce the disease burden on this population.
- MeSH
- Influenza, Human * prevention & control epidemiology MeSH
- COVID-19 * prevention & control epidemiology MeSH
- Hospitalization * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Vaccination Coverage * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Influenza Vaccines * administration & dosage MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
- Israel MeSH
Early excision and grafting changed dramatically topical wound treatment, but are restricted by difficulty in diag- nosing burn depth, by limited donor sites and by technical skills to excise special areas (perineum, face). In addi- tion to the extent of burn and the age of the patient the depth is determinant of mortality, morbidity and of patient's quality of life. It results from the time-temperature relation and is further influenced by local and systemic causes of conversion: dehydration, edema, infection and shock hypoxia, metabolic derangements, peripheral ves- sels diseases may contribute do deepening of burn wound. Superficial burn on day one appears deep dermal by day three, where spontaneous epithelization lasts much longer than 21 days and results in hypertrophic scarring. To prevent this sequelae deep dermal burn may be treated like full-thickness injury with excision and autografting. Another way is removal of dead layers of corium and using biological or synthetic cover. We have found a more effective way to reach wound closure (not only cover) in the method of „upside-down” application of recombined human/pig skin (RHPS), composed of allogeneic human keratinocytes cultured on cell-free pig dermis. The allo- geneic epidermal cells temporarily „take”, „close” the excised wound and simultaneously encourage epithelization from adnexa remnants in the wound bed. Thus definitive closure is achieved.
- MeSH
- Biological Dressings MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Wound Healing MeSH
- Keratinocytes physiology transplantation MeSH
- Skin cytology growth & development MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Burns pathology therapy MeSH
- Skin Transplantation MeSH
- Skin, Artificial MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Vaccines, Combined MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Meningococcal Vaccines MeSH
- Immunization Schedule MeSH
- Pneumococcal Vaccines MeSH
- Poliovirus Vaccines MeSH
- Mandatory Vaccination MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine MeSH
- Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines MeSH
- Vaccination * statistics & numerical data legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Papillomavirus Vaccines MeSH
- Vaccines economics classification supply & distribution MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
BACKGROUND: Oral health, coupled with rising awareness on the impact that limited dental care coverage has on oral health and general health and well-being, has received increased attention over the past few years. The purpose of the study was to compare the statutory coverage and access to dental care for adult services in 11 European countries using a vignette approach. METHODS: We used three patient vignettes to highlight the differences of the dimensions of coverage and access to dental care (coverage, cost-sharing and accessibility). The three vignettes describe typical care pathways for patients with the most common oral health conditions (caries, periodontal disease, edentulism). The vignettes were completed by health services researchers knowledgeable on dental care, dentists, or teams consisting of a health systems expert working together with dental specialists. RESULTS: Completed vignettes were received from 11 countries: Bulgaria, Estonia, France, Germany, Republic of Ireland (Ireland), Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia and Sweden. While emergency dental care, tooth extraction and restorative care for acute pain due to carious lesions are covered in most responding countries, root canal treatment, periodontal care and prosthetic restoration often require cost-sharing or are entirely excluded from the benefit basket. Regular dental visits are also limited to one visit per year in many countries. Beyond financial barriers due to out-of-pocket payments, patients may experience very different physical barriers to accessing dental care. The limited availability of contracted dentists (especially in rural areas) and the unequal distribution and lack of specialised dentists are major access barriers to public dental care. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, statutory coverage of dental care varies across European countries, while access barriers are largely similar. Many dental services require substantial cost-sharing in most countries, leading to high out-of-pocket spending. Socioeconomic status is thus a main determinant for access to dental care, but other factors such as geography, age and comorbidities can also inhibit access and affect outcomes. Moreover, coverage in most oral health systems is targeted at treatment and less at preventative oral health care.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Health Services Accessibility MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Oral Health * MeSH
- Dental Care * MeSH
- Health Expenditures MeSH
- Health Services MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
The biogeographic history of lichenized fungi remains unrevealed because those organisms rarely fossilize due to their delicate, often tiny and quickly rotting thalli. Also the ecology and factors limiting occurrence of numerous taxa, especially those restricted in their distribution to tropical areas are poorly recognized. The aim of this study was to determine localization of glacial refugia of South American Ochrolechia austroamericana and to estimate the future changes in the coverage of its habitats using ecological niche modeling tools. The general glacial potential range of the studied species was wider than it is nowadays and its niches coverage decreased by almost 25% since last glacial maximum. The refugial areas were covered by cool and dry grasslands and scrubs and suitable niches in South America were located near the glacier limit. According to our analyses the further climate changes will not significantly influence the distribution of the suitable niches of O. austroamericana.
- MeSH
- Ecosystem * MeSH
- Ice Cover * MeSH
- Lichens physiology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- South America MeSH
