CD8(+) T cells
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v etiopatogenéze psoriázy je veľa neznámeho. K odkrývaniu čiastkových poznatkov v jej etiológii, patogenéze, diagnostike či terapii môžu prispieť pracovníci rôznych odborov medicíny aj hraničných profesií. V súčasne prezentovanej práci autori zverejňujú výsledky pozorovaní skupiny 19 pacientov s ťažkou formou psoriázy. Materiál na imunohistopatologické vyšetrenia bol získavaný z okrajov chronických psoriatických ložísk u každého pacienta dva razy: pred liečbou a po 4-týždňovej liečbe cyklosporínom A. Boli sledované numerické hodnoty CD4+ T lymfocytov, CD8+ T lymfocytov, ich vzájomný pomer a hodnoty PASI skóre. Po liečbe sa zistil výrazný pokles CD4+T lymfocytov, nenápadnější pokles CD8+ T lymfocytov. Vzájomný pomer CD4+ : CD8+ klesol z 2,10 na 1,68. Dramatický bol pokles PAŠI skóre z priemernej hodnoty 23,34 na priemernú hodnotu 11,97. Autori diskutujú výsledky aj s nálezmi v prácach, ktoré boli zamerané na podobné sledovania cytofotometrickými metódami, keďže údajov o zisťovaniu in situ bunkových elementov (subpopulácii CD4+ a CD8+ T lymfocytov) je v dostupnej literatúre veími málo. Zistený pokles všetkých sledovaných parametrov zodpovedá klinicky známemu dobrému liečebnému efektu cyklosporinu A, ktorého imunomodulačné pôsobenie je zamerané hlavne na T lymfocytovú zápalovú populáciu.
Many things are still not clear in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis. Health workers in various branches of medicine and even those working in other professions linked with medicine can contribute to gaining more knowledge about its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis or treatment. This work presents results from observations of 19 patients with a severe form of psoriasis. Material for immunohistopathological examinations was taken from the margins of chronic psoriatic sites twice from each patient: before treatment and after a 4 - week treatment by cyclosporin A. Numeric value of CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes, their ratios and the values of PASI score were followed. Significant decrease in CD4 T lymphocytes and slight decrease in CD8+ T lymphocytes where observed after treatment. The CD4+:CD8+ ratio dropped from the values of 2.10 to 1.68. A dramatic decrease in PASI score was observed - from the average value of 23.34 to the average value of 11.97. The authors compare and discuss the results of similar cytophotometric studies found in the works of other researchers, but this type of results (CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes subpopidations) is very rare in available literature. The decreases found in all studied parametres correspond with clinically well-known treatment effect of cyclosporin A whose immunomoduláting effect is targeted mainly at the T lymphocyte inflammatory popidation.
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická terapeutické užití MeSH
- cyklosporin terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- kožní nemoci patologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poměr CD4 a CD8 lymfocytů MeSH
- psoriáza patologie terapie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Interní grantové agentury MZ ČR
78 l. : il., tab. ; 31 cm
Na základě výsledků studií u pacientů s hepatitidami C a malignitami chceme prokázat zvýšení počtu, produkce IFN-gamma a Perforinu HIV-specifickými CD8+ T lymfocyty po inkubaci s Histaminem a IL-2 in vitro. Předpokládáme jejich synergický efekt. Histaminaktivuje cytotoxické CD8+ T lymfocyty (CTL) a zlepšuje jejich funkci, IL-2 je nezbytný pro jejich vyzrávání. Funkce CTL vyšetříme s využitím systému ELISPOT (IFN-gamma)a cytometricky (Perforin). Předpokládaný synergický efekt Histaminu a IL-2 na zlepšení cytotoxických funkcí CD8+ HIV-specifických T lymfocytů vytvoří podmínky pro další studium a může zlepšit prognózu HIV+ pacientů. Jedná se o originální, zatím nepublikovaný návrh na zlepšení cytotoxických funkcí HIV-specifických CD8+ T lymfocytů.; Based on the results of the study with patients with hepatitis C and some oncologic diseases we will study in vitro activation of HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes after incubation with the Histamine, IL-2: their count, production of Perforin and IFN-gammaHistamine induces activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T Lymphocytes and improves their functional activation. IL-2 induces maturation of HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. We will investigate the production of IFN-gamma by ELISPOT and production of Perforine. Weexpect a synergistic effects of Histamine and IL-2. Enhancement of cytotoxic CD8+ HIV-specific functions should improve the conditions for other experiments and for prognosis of HIV+ patients. It is an original, unpublished project.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty MeSH
- cytotoxické T-lymfocyty MeSH
- hepatitida C imunologie terapie MeSH
- histamin terapeutické užití MeSH
- HIV infekce imunologie terapie MeSH
- interleukin-2 MeSH
- perforin MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie využití MeSH
- vysoce aktivní antiretrovirová terapie metody MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- infekční lékařství
- biochemie
- alergologie a imunologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR
- MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- cimetidin farmakologie MeSH
- cytotoxické T-lymfocyty imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- histamin farmakologie MeSH
- HIV infekce genetika krev MeSH
- interferon gama izolace a purifikace účinky léků MeSH
- interleukin-2 imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odběr vzorku krve metody využití MeSH
- perforin izolace a purifikace účinky léků MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie metody využití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
It is well established that lymphopenia induces the formation of the memory-phenotype T cells without the exposure to foreign antigens. More recently, the memory-phenotype antigen-inexperienced memory T cells were described in lymphoreplete mice and called virtual memory T cells. In this review, we compare multiple aspects of the biology of lymphopenia-induced memory T cells and virtual memory T cells, including cytokine requirements, the role of T-cell receptor specificity in the differentiation process, gene expression signature, and the immune response. Based on this comparison, we conclude that lymphopenia-induced memory T cells and virtual memory T cells most likely represent a single T-cell subset, for which we propose a term 'homeostatic memory T cells'.
- MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace imunologie MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie patologie MeSH
- cytokiny imunologie MeSH
- imunologická paměť * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfopenie imunologie patologie MeSH
- modely imunologické * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Virtual memory T cells are foreign antigen-inexperienced T cells that have acquired memory-like phenotype and constitute 10-20% of all peripheral CD8+ T cells in mice. Their origin, biological roles, and relationship to naïve and foreign antigen-experienced memory T cells are incompletely understood. By analyzing T-cell receptor repertoires and using retrogenic monoclonal T-cell populations, we demonstrate that the virtual memory T-cell formation is a so far unappreciated cell fate decision checkpoint. We describe two molecular mechanisms driving the formation of virtual memory T cells. First, virtual memory T cells originate exclusively from strongly self-reactive T cells. Second, the stoichiometry of the CD8 interaction with Lck regulates the size of the virtual memory T-cell compartment via modulating the self-reactivity of individual T cells. Although virtual memory T cells descend from the highly self-reactive clones and acquire a partial memory program, they are not more potent in inducing experimental autoimmune diabetes than naïve T cells. These data underline the importance of the variable level of self-reactivity in polyclonal T cells for the generation of functional T-cell diversity.
Antigen-induced memory T cells undergo counterintuitive activation in an antigen-independent manner, which is called bystander response. Although it is well documented that memory CD8+ T cells produce IFNγ and upregulate the cytotoxic program upon the stimulation with inflammatory cytokines, there is only rare evidence that this provides an actual protection against pathogens in immunocompetent individuals. One of the reasons might be numerous antigen-inexperienced memory-like T cells that are also capable of the bystander response. Little is known about the bystander protection of memory and memory-like T cells and their redundancies with innate-like lymphocytes in humans because of the interspecies differences and the lack of controlled experiments. However, it has been proposed that IL-15/NKG2D-driven bystander activation of memory T cells drives protection or immunopathology in particular human diseases.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů * MeSH
- antigeny MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty * MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- imunologická paměť MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the development of a protective immune response against Cryptosporidium muris infection was studied by the reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with well-defined populations of either naive or immune CD8+ or CD4+ T lymphocytes. Adoptive transfer of both naive and immune CD4+ T lymphocyte subpopulations protects SCID mice against cryptosporidiosis. Moreover, a significant biological impact of activated CD8+ T cells against gastric cryptosporidiosis was observed. The significant difference in the course and intensity of the infection in reconstituted SCID mice was found to be dependent on the protective function of both the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations transferred. While SCID mice reconstituted with either immune or naive CD4+ or immune CD8+ T-cell subpopulations resolved the infection within 29, 37 and 51 days post-infection, respectively, those reconstituted with naive CD8+ T cells suffered from chronic infection similar to control SCID mice. Reconstitution with CD4+ T cells resulted in suppression of oocyst excretion and shortening of patent period in comparison with SCID mice reconstituted with CD8+ T cells. Thus, although CD4+ T cells are considered important in protective immunity, our results are the first to demonstrate the involvement of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes in the protection of mice against gastric cryptosporidiosis.
- MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- Cryptosporidium imunologie MeSH
- kryptosporidióza imunologie MeSH
- myši SCID MeSH
- myši MeSH
- převzatá imunita MeSH
- žaludek imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are indispensable for maintaining self-tolerance by suppressing conventional T cells. On the other hand, Tregs promote tumor growth by inhibiting anticancer immunity. In this study, we identified that Tregs increase the quorum of self-reactive CD8+ T cells required for the induction of experimental autoimmune diabetes in mice. Their major suppression mechanism is limiting available IL-2, an essential T-cell cytokine. Specifically, Tregs inhibit the formation of a previously uncharacterized subset of antigen-stimulated KLRK1+ IL-7R+ (KILR) CD8+ effector T cells, which are distinct from conventional effector CD8+ T cells. KILR CD8+ T cells show superior cell-killing abilities in vivo. The administration of agonistic IL-2 immunocomplexes phenocopies the absence of Tregs, i.e., it induces KILR CD8+ T cells, promotes autoimmunity, and enhances antitumor responses in mice. Counterparts of KILR CD8+ T cells were found in the human blood, revealing them as a potential target for immunotherapy.
- MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu * patologie MeSH
- imunologická tolerance MeSH
- interleukin-2 MeSH
- lektinové receptory NK-buněk - podrodina K MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- receptory interleukinu-7 MeSH
- regulační T-lymfocyty * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The therapeutic potential of interleukin (IL)-2 in cancer treatment has been known for decades, yet its widespread adoption in clinical practice remains limited. Recently, chimeric proteins of an anti-PD-1 antibody and suboptimal IL-2 variants were shown to stimulate potent antitumor and antiviral immunity by inducing unique effector CD8+ T cells in mice. A similar subset of cytotoxic T cells is induced by depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), suggesting IL-2 sequestration as a major mechanism through which regulatory T cells suppress activated CD8+ T cells. Here, we present our view of how IL-2-based biologicals can boost the antitumor response at a cellular level, and propose that the role of Tregs following such treatments may have been previously overestimated.
- MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty * MeSH
- cytotoxické T-lymfocyty MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- imunoterapie MeSH
- interleukin-2 * terapeutické užití metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- regulační T-lymfocyty MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH