Twenty-eight endurance-trained males aged 31.1 ± 10.2 years (body mass [BM] 81.9 ± 9.0 kg) completed this randomized double-blind placebo (PLA)-controlled crossover study investigating the effect of 12-week Colostrum Bovinum (COL) supplementation (25gCOL·day-1) on aerobic fitness and capacity, time to exhaustion, BM and body composition (BC), and blood lactate concentration. There were four main-before/after supplementation study visits (COLPRE and COLPOST; PLAPRE, and PLAPOST). During study visits, BM and BC evaluation, incremental rowing test (IRT) to exhaustion, and evaluation of resting (REST) and post-exercise (POST-IRT) blood lactate concentration were performed. COL, but not PLA supplementation, significantly increased (p < 0.05) time to ventilatory threshold (TVT). Moreover, the implemented treatments had large (mL·min-1) and moderate (mL·min-1·kg-1) effects on oxygen uptake at VT (VO2VT), as well as moderate effect on power output at VT (PVT; W·kg-1) with the highest values observed at COLPOST visit. Neither significant influence of COL supplementation on time to exhaustion (TEXH) in IRT, BM, and BC on blood lactate was observed. Importantly, there were significantly (p < 0.05) higher increases in VO2VT (mL·min-1 and mL·min-1·kg-1) after COL compared to PLA supplementation. In summary, COL supplementation resulted in a favorable increase in TVT, and tended to improve some of the evaluated threshold indicators, namely VO2VT and PVT in endurance-trained male athletes during IRT. Therefore, COL supplementation may be considered as a support to improve aerobic fitness and capacity in endurance-trained males; however, supplementation strategy must be personalized and properly incorporated into the individual training. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06390670).
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Double-Blind Method MeSH
- Physical Endurance * MeSH
- Cross-Over Studies MeSH
- Colostrum * MeSH
- Lactic Acid blood MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Dietary Supplements * MeSH
- Body Composition * MeSH
- Oxygen Consumption MeSH
- Endurance Training * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
BACKGROUND: Bovine colostrum (COL) is assumed to be one of the strongest natural immune stimulants. Regular ingestion of COL may contribute to improved immune response in athletes exposed to high training loads. METHODS: Twenty-eight endurance-trained males aged 31.1 ± 10.2 years (body mass 81.9 ± 9.0 kg; height 1.82 ± 0.06 m) completed this randomized double-blind placebo(PLA)-controlled crossover study aimed at investigating the effect of 12-week COL supplementation (25gCOL·day-1) on resting (REST), exercise-induced (POST-EX), and short-term post-exercise recovery (REC; 1 h after test exercise) changes in selected saliva and blood immunoglobulins (Ig), white blood cell (WBC) count and differential; as well as blood hematological, nutritional status and muscle damage indices. The protocol assumed 4 study visits - before/after supplementation with COL (COLPRE and COLPOST ) and PLA (PLAPRE and PLAPOST ). During testing sessions, incremental rowing test to exhaustion and swimming-specific performance test were introduced as exercise stimuli. RESULTS: At COLPOST visit the secretory IgA (SIgA) concentration in saliva was significantly higher at POST-EX and REC compared to REST (p<0.05). COL supplementation had no effect on blood IgA, IgE, IgD, IgG, and IgM concentrations. Furthermore, after COL supplementation decrease of hematocrit at REC (p<0.05) was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: 12-week supplementation with 25 gCOL·day-1 in endurance-trained male athletes resulted in a favorable increase in post-exercise concentration of salivary SIgA. COL seems to be a potential stimulator of local immune defense after exercise-induced homeostasis disturbances. Nevertheless, the lack of effect on blood markers indicates the need for further research in the area of mechanisms underlying the effect of the supposed COL immunological capacity.
- MeSH
- Biomarkers * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Double-Blind Method MeSH
- Physical Endurance immunology MeSH
- Immunoglobulins blood MeSH
- Cross-Over Studies * MeSH
- Colostrum * immunology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Dietary Supplements * MeSH
- Saliva * immunology metabolism MeSH
- Athletes * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
INTRODUCTION: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel study aimed to evaluate the effect of 3-month supplementation of bovine colostrum (BOV-COL; 8x400 mg per day) on the outcomes of depression treatment in hospitalized patients with substance use disorder (SUD). The hypothesis is that BOV-COL supplementation as an add-on treatment results in favorable alternations in selected blood inflammatory markers or neurotransmitters, leading to better depression treatment outcomes compared with placebo (PLA). METHODS: Patients with a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 score ≥60 points were enrolled. Twenty-nine participants (n=18 in the BOV-COL group and n=11 in the PLA group) completed the protocol. RESULTS: The mean Beck Depression Inventory-II score was significantly reduced after supplementation in both groups. However, the mean 17-point Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score was decreased in the BOV-COL group, but not in the PLA group. In the BOV-COL group, there was a reduction in interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, the IL-6:IL-10 ratio, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), while in the PLA group only IL-6 decreased. Favorable alternations in the total count and differentials of white blood cell subsets were more pronounced in the BOV-COL. There were no changes in neurotransmitter concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: BOV-COL supplementation is a promising add-on therapy in patients with depression and SUD.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To review the current literature and develop consensus conclusions and recommendations on nutrient intakes and nutritional practice in preterm infants with birthweight <1800 g. METHODS: The European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee of Nutrition (CoN) led a process that included CoN members and invited experts. Invited experts with specific expertise were chosen to represent as broad a geographical spread as possible. A list of topics was developed, and individual leads were assigned to topics along with other members, who reviewed the current literature. A single face-to-face meeting was held in February 2020. Provisional conclusions and recommendations were developed between 2020 and 2021, and these were voted on electronically by all members of the working group between 2021 and 2022. Where >90% consensus was not achieved, online discussion meetings were held, along with further voting until agreement was reached. RESULTS: In general, there is a lack of strong evidence for most nutrients and topics. The summary paper is supported by additional supplementary digital content that provide a fuller explanation of the literature and relevant physiology: introduction and overview; human milk reference data; intakes of water, protein, energy, lipid, carbohydrate, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, water soluble vitamins, and fat soluble vitamins; feeding mode including mineral enteral feeding, feed advancement, management of gastric residuals, gastric tube placement and bolus or continuous feeding; growth; breastmilk buccal colostrum, donor human milk, and risks of cytomegalovirus infection; hydrolyzed protein and osmolality; supplemental bionutrients; and use of breastmilk fortifier. CONCLUSIONS: We provide updated ESPGHAN CoN consensus-based conclusions and recommendations on nutrient intakes and nutritional management for preterm infants.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Enteral Nutrition MeSH
- Gastroenterology * MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Milk, Human MeSH
- Infant, Premature * MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Vitamins MeSH
- Water MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Influenza, Human prevention & control MeSH
- Immunity drug effects MeSH
- Immune System * MeSH
- Colostrum MeSH
- Ascorbic Acid pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Ascorbic Acid Deficiency diagnosis MeSH
- Probiotics therapeutic use MeSH
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Microbial immunology MeSH
- Immune System MeSH
- Colostrum immunology MeSH
- Ascorbic Acid MeSH
- COVID-19 Vaccines MeSH
- Publication type
- Interview MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To obtain information on the transport of carbamazepine and its active metabolite carbamazepine-epoxide from mother to colostrum and breastfed newborns. METHODS: In this cohort study, carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide concentrations in maternal serum (162 women), milk (i.e., colostrum) and breastfed newborn serum were analysed between the 1st and 5th days after delivery from November 1990 to February 2021. The measured concentrations were compared with the delivery and mature milk periods. The effect of the combination with both enzyme-inducing antiseizure medication and valproic acid was also evaluated. RESULTS: Carbamazepine concentrations varied from 1.0 to 11.2 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-4.4 mg/L) in maternal serum, from 0.5 to 6.8 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-2.4 mg/L) in milk and from 0.5 to 4.7 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-1.7 mg/L) in newborn serum. The median milk/maternal serum concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.45 (epoxide 0.71), the median newborn/maternal serum concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.20 (epoxide 0.41), and the median newborn serum/milk concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.38 (epoxide 0.50). A highly significant correlation was found between the milk and maternal serum concentrations of both carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide and between the milk and newborn serum concentrations of carbamazepine. CONCLUSIONS: In the serum of breastfed newborns, only one concentration of carbamazepine reached the reference range used for the general epileptic population, and more than half was below the lower limit of quantification. Routine monitoring of serum carbamazepine concentrations is not required in breastfed newborns. However, observation of newborns is desirable, and if signs of potential adverse reactions are noted, the serum concentrations in newborns should be measured.
- MeSH
- Anticonvulsants therapeutic use MeSH
- Benzodiazepines pharmacology MeSH
- Epoxy Compounds pharmacology MeSH
- Carbamazepine MeSH
- Cohort Studies MeSH
- Breast Feeding * MeSH
- Colostrum metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Milk, Human metabolism MeSH
- Mothers * MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the concentrations of lamotrigine in maternal serum, colostrum, and serum of breastfed newborns, and to evaluate the effect of comedication with enzyme-inducing antiseizure medication and valproic acid. METHODS: This cohort study collected data from 158 women and 143 breastfed newborns. Maternal serum, milk (i.e., colostrum), and newborn serum samples were collected between the 2nd and 5th postnatal days, and lamotrigine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The median lamotrigine concentrations were 2.7 mg/L in maternal serum, 1.4 mg/L in milk, and 1.7 mg/L in newborn serum. The median milk/maternal serum concentration ratio was 0.60, the median newborn/maternal serum concentration ratio was also 0.60, and the median newborn serum/milk concentration ratio was 1.00. A significant correlation was observed between milk and maternal serum concentrations and between newborn serum and milk concentrations, maternal serum concentrations, maternal daily dose, and dose related to maternal body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to lamotrigine in breastfed newborns is lower than exposure during pregnancy. However, by the same dose by the same mother, lamotrigine concentrations in both maternal serum and milk increase significantly after delivery. This finding, together with the immature function of eliminating enzymes in newborns, may be the reason for reaching concentrations in the reference range used for the general epileptic population in breastfed newborns. Therapeutic monitoring of breastfed newborns serum concentrations of lamotrigine is not mandatory; however, if signs of possible adverse events are noted, newborn serum concentrations should be analysed.
- MeSH
- Anticonvulsants therapeutic use MeSH
- Cohort Studies MeSH
- Breast Feeding * MeSH
- Colostrum chemistry MeSH
- Lamotrigine pharmacology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Milk, Human chemistry MeSH
- Mothers * MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Postpartum Period MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Breast milk is a complex mixture containing underexplored bioactive lipids. We performed an observational case-control study to compare the impact of delivery mode: caesarean section (CS) and vaginal birth (VB); and term (preterm and term delivery) on the levels of lipokines in human milk at different stages of lactation. Metabolomic analysis of the milk identified triacylglycerol estolides as a metabolic reservoir of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator 5-palmitic acid ester of hydroxystearic acid (5-PAHSA). We found that triacylglycerol estolides were substrates of carboxyl ester lipase and 5-PAHSA-containing lipids were the least preferred substrates among tested triacylglycerol estolide isomers. This explained exceptionally high colostrum levels of 5-PAHSA in the VB group. CS and preterm birth negatively affected colostrum lipidome, including 5-PAHSA levels, but the lipidomic profiles normalized in mature milk. Mothers delivering term babies vaginally produce colostrum rich in 5-PAHSA, which could contribute to the prevention of intestinal inflammation in newborns.
- MeSH
- Cesarean Section MeSH
- Esters metabolism MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Colostrum metabolism MeSH
- Palmitic Acid metabolism MeSH
- Lactation MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lipase metabolism MeSH
- Milk, Human * metabolism MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Premature Birth * metabolism MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Triglycerides metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
