Coverage
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Maternal and Newborn Health Safe Motherhood ; 96.28
4. 136 stran
V souladu s cíly programu Světové zdravotnické organizace „Zdraví pro všechny ve 21. století“ je v České republice každoročně prováděna administrativní kontrola proočkovanosti u dětí podle jednotných kritérií stanovených hlavním hygienikem. V roce 2009 byla kontrolována proočkovanost proti 9 vybraným infekčním onemocněním, která jsou v souladu s legislativou ČR zahrnuta do rámce povinného očkování, a to u dětí s příjmení začínajícím písmenem „R“, se stavem k 31. prosinci 2009. Výsledky potvrdily, že u kontrolovaných kohort dětí dosahuje proočkovanost úrovně, která umožňuje navození kolektivní imunity proti vybraným infekčním onemocněním.
In line with the objectives of the World Health Organization programme “Health for all in the 21st century”, administrative vaccination coverage estimate is done annually in children in the Czech Republic, based on the uniform criteria set by the Chief Public Health Officer. In 2009, the vaccination coverage by December 31, 2009 against nine selected infectious diseases included in the routine childhood immunization schedule in accordance with the Czech legislation was assessed in children whose family name starts with the letter R. The results confirmed that the vaccination coverage in the cohorts of children checked achieves levels suitable for inducing herd immunity against the selected infectious diseases.
- Klíčová slova
- infekční onemocnění, proočkovanost, děti, kontrola,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- očkovací programy organizace a řízení MeSH
- vakcinace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Článek v úvodu zmiňuje obecná fakta o rotavirových enteritidách a následně pojednává po-drobně o přechodné hepatopatii jako vzácné komplikaci rotavirové infekce u dvouapůlletépacientky. Zdůrazňuje význam očkování, míru proočkovanosti na rotavirové infekce v ČRa v závěru stručně rozebírá faktory, které mohou proočkovanost významně ovlivnit.
The article introduces general facts about rotavirus enteritis and subsequently discusses tran-sient hepatopathy as a rare complication of rotavirus infection in a two-and-a-half-year-oldpatient. It emphasizes the importance of vaccination, the coverage rate of vaccination for ro-tavirus infections in the Czech Republic, and at the end, it briefly analyzes the factors thatcan significantly influence the vaccination coverage rate.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gastroenteritida komplikace krev virologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pokrytí očkováním organizace a řízení statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- rotavirové infekce * komplikace MeSH
- vakcína proti rotavirům terapeutické užití MeSH
- vztahy mezi odborníkem a rodinou MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Coverage by examinations is a crucial indicator of the future impact on the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study aimed to evaluate coverage by examinations associated with CRC screening and early cancer detection of CRC in the Czech Republic. The burden of CRC was also assessed. METHODS: The novel nationwide administrative registry with individual data (period 2010-19) was used to evaluate coverage by examinations for screening faecal occult blood test and colonoscopy. In the second step, additional examinations for early CRC detection were included in the coverage calculation (complete coverage). Age-specific trends in CRC incidence (period 1977-2018) were investigated using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS: Coverage by screening examinations within recommended interval was around 30%. Complete coverage reached >37% and >50% at the 3-year interval. The coverage by examinations for the non-screening population aged 40-49 years was almost 4% and 5% (most of them were colonoscopies) at the 3-year interval. In age groups aged ≥50 years, we observed a significant annual decline, especially in the 50-69 age group, with recent annual decreases reaching up to 5-7%. The change in trend and the recent decline were also observed in the age group 40-49. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the target screening population was covered by examinations potentially associated with early detection and subsequent treatment of colorectal neoplasms. The substantial coverage by potentially prophylactic examinations might be an explanation for the considerable decrease in CRC incidence.
- MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru * MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- okultní krev MeSH
- plošný screening MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- chirurgické laloky využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Background Childhood vaccination rates fluctuate over time and do not always meet the levels recommended by the WHO. Objective This study aims to provide an overview of measures countries have introduced to increase vaccination rates. Methods We developed a structured data collection template that was completed by country experts from Europe, Israel, the USA, and Canada. Experts were identified using the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies' HSPM (Health Systems and Policy Monitor) network. We approached experts from 32 countries and received responses from 22 countries. In the template we asked for measures introduced between 2014 and 2019. The experts were asked to indicate the type of intervention, the target population, possible positive and negative effects, and evidence on effectiveness. The information was collected between September 2019 and January 2020. Results We identified four main types of interventions: restrictive measures for the unvaccinated, financial incentives, measures supporting the logistics of vaccination, and vaccination promotion campaigns. Restrictive measures often involved expanding existing mandatory vaccination policies or limiting access to pre-school activities for unvaccinated children. Financial incentives for healthcare providers showed some positive effects. Regarding logistical support, several countries used schools as alternative vaccination sites, though this presented organisational challenges. Many countries invested in improving knowledge among both healthcare professionals and parents to encourage vaccine uptake. Conclusions Most initiatives implemented in the countries covered focussed on communication and knowledge enhancement. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of these measures on vaccination coverage.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- internacionalita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- očkovací programy * MeSH
- podpora zdraví * metody MeSH
- pokrytí očkováním * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- vakcinace * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Izrael MeSH
- Kanada MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
The insufficient standardization of diagnostic next-generation sequencing (NGS) still limits its implementation in clinical practice, with the correct detection of mutations at low variant allele frequencies (VAF) facing particular challenges. We address here the standardization of sequencing coverage depth in order to minimize the probability of false positive and false negative results, the latter being underestimated in clinical NGS. There is currently no consensus on the minimum coverage depth, and so each laboratory has to set its own parameters. To assist laboratories with the determination of the minimum coverage parameters, we provide here a user-friendly coverage calculator. Using the sequencing error only, we recommend a minimum depth of coverage of 1,650 together with a threshold of at least 30 mutated reads for a targeted NGS mutation analysis of ≥3% VAF, based on the binomial probability distribution. Moreover, our calculator also allows adding assay-specific errors occurring during DNA processing and library preparation, thus calculating with an overall error of a specific NGS assay. The estimation of correct coverage depth is recommended as a starting point when assessing thresholds of NGS assay. Our study also points to the need for guidance regarding the minimum technical requirements, which based on our experience should include the limit of detection (LOD), overall NGS assay error, input, source and quality of DNA, coverage depth, number of variant supporting reads, and total number of target reads covering variant region. Further studies are needed to define the minimum technical requirements and its reporting in diagnostic NGS.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Peptide spectral libraries enable targeted identification and quantitation of low-abundance proteins in a complex plant proteome. Here we describe parallel protein and peptide fractionation techniques to improve plant proteome coverage and facilitate construction of spectral libraries.
OBJECTIVES: Individuals with HIV infection are at an increased risk for a number of infectious diseases, some of which are preventable by vaccination. Unfortunately, little is known about the attitudes of this population group to vaccination, therefore, we decided to find out vaccination coverage against 5 infections among newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in the Czech Republic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on newly diagnosed patients who started their follow-up care at the HIV Clinic of Na Bulovce Hospital during the two following years. Vaccination history data and results of serological tests were collected from all participants. RESULTS: Enrolled were 269 HIV-positive subjects (94.1% males) with a mean age of 34.4 years, 64 subjects (23.8%) had tertiary education, 229 (85.1%) were men having sex with men, 32 (11.9%) were heterosexual, and 8 (3.0%) were injection drug users. The mean CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was 556.2/µL, with 149 persons (55.4%) who had a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count > 500/µL, and 68 (25.3%) individuals were late presenters with CD4+ T-lymphocyte count < 350/µL. A vaccination against tetanus was reported by 262 subjects (97.4%), against influenza by 18 subjects (6.7%), against tick-borne encephalitis by 18 subjects (6.7%), against viral hepatitis A by 78 persons (29.0%), and against hepatitis B by 104 subjects (38.7%). For influenza, tick-borne encephalitis and hepatitis A, a significant positive impact of tertiary education was found (p-values < 0.001-0.044). Vaccination coverage against both types of hepatitis was significantly lower in late presenters (p = 0.044 and p = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination rates found in our cohort were except tetanus and hepatitis B in young people low, especially for influenza and tick-borne encephalitis. Higher level of education and less advanced HIV infection were associated with higher vaccination rates. To improve this unsatisfactory situation, more attention should be paid to vaccination.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- HIV infekce * diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- počet CD4 lymfocytů metody MeSH
- pokrytí očkováním * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
