• MeSH
• Antidotes administration & dosage   standards   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• International Cooperation MeSH
• Poisoning prevention & control   MeSH
• Information Dissemination MeSH
• Poison Control Centers organization & administration   trends   MeSH
• Government Programs MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The ever-increasing number of patients with tick-borne diseases resulted in the presented study investigating the awareness, attitudes and knowledge among students about the threats arising from tick bites and preventive anti-tick practices. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Questionnaires concerning these issues were distributed amongst Czech and Polish university students of science. Responses were analyzed by nationality and by gender. RESULTS: Nearly all respondents were aware of the risks arising from ticks and could name at least one disease transmitted by ticks. The Czech students felt more threatened by tick-borne diseases, had more frequently suffered from Lyme borreliosis and were vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis more often than the Polish students. A large number of the participants applied preventive measures against ticks in order to protect themselves. The Czech students believed in the effectiveness of repellents statistically more often than the Polish students, while effectiveness is the main criterion for selection of the right repellent in both groups. CONCLUSION: Differences in preferences between the two nations appeared in many areas, e.g. the Czechs felt more threatened by all kind of risks and suffered from Lyme disease more frequently. Gaps can still be found in both the knowledge and behaviour among the respondents. It can be expected that the general public knowledge of this issue is rather limited in comparison with the students participating in the study, who are systematically educated in the field.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Ticks * MeSH
• Tick Control methods   MeSH
• Tick Bites prevention & control   psychology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Tick-Borne Diseases prevention & control   psychology   MeSH
• Students statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Poland MeSH

Cíl práce: Virová hepatitida typu A je v České republice i díky vysoké vnímavosti populace a možnostem přenosu onemocnění stále aktuálně se vyskytující infekcí. Cílem práce bylo popsat a analyzovat výskyt virové hepatitidy A na regionální úrovni Královehradeckého kraje v letech 2005–2014 včetně rozboru dvou epidemií, které vyžadovaly odlišný přístup terénních epidemiologů. Materiál a metodiky: V roce 2015 byla provedena retrospektivní analýza dat popisujících výskyt nákazy v Královehradeckém kraji v letech 2005–2014. Analyzována byla data zanesená v systému EPIDAT, který je v ČR využíván ke zpracování informací z hlášení infekčních onemocnění a dat získaných při epidemiologických šetřeních. Současně byly analyzovány dvě závěrečné zprávy o epidemickém výskytu nákazy z roku 2014. Výsledky: Incidence onemocnění na regionální úrovni do jisté míry kopíruje výskyt nákazy v celé České republice. Nejvyšší počet případů byl zaznamenán v roce 2010 v důsledku celostátní epidemie. Hlavními postiženými věkovými skupinami byly v analyzovaném období děti, adolescenti a mladí dospělí. Incidenci onemocnění v jednotlivých letech významně ovlivňuje rozvoj lokálních epidemií. Závěr: Výskyt virové hepatitidy A má v České republice, celostátně i na regionální úrovni, kolísavý charakter. Nejvyšší incidence bývá zaznamenávána v nižších a středních věkových kategoriích. Vysoká vnímavost této části populace zdůrazňuje význam očkování jako specifické individuální protekce.

Objective: Viral hepatitis A continues to occur in the Czech Republic due to the high susceptibility of the population and existing opportunities for the transmission of the disease. The aim was to describe and analyse the incidence of viral hepatitis A in the Hradec Králové Region in the Czech Republic in 2005–2014, including the study of two outbreaks that required a different approach of field epidemiologists. Material and Methods: In 2015, a retrospective analysis was carried out of the data on the incidence of viral hepatitis A in Hradec Králové Region in 2005–2014. The EPIDAT system where cases of infectious diseases and data from epidemiological investigations are reported was used as a data source for the purposes of the present analysis. In addition, two final reports on epidemic outbreaks of viral hepatitis A from 2014 were assessed. Results: The incidence of viral hepatitis A at the regional level follows, to a certain extent, the pattern of the incidence of this disease at the national level. The highest number of cases was reported in 2010 due to a country-wide epidemic. The most affected age groups were children, adolescents, and young adults. The incidence of viral hepatitis A in individual years has a significant effect on the emergence of local outbreaks. Conclusion: The incidence of viral hepatitis A in the Czech Republic has a fluctuating trend, at both the national and regional levels. The highest incidence of viral hepatitis A was observed in the younger and middle-age categories. The high susceptibility of these population groups suggests the importance of vaccination against viral hepatitis A that confers specific personal protection.

• MeSH
• Patient Compliance MeSH
• Travel MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Epidemics * MeSH
• Hepatitis A * epidemiology   prevention & control   transmission   MeSH
• Incidence * MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Communicable Disease Control MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Foodborne Diseases MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Roma MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Vaccination MeSH
• Age Distribution MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• MeSH
• Influenza, Human diagnosis   prevention & control   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Emigrants and Immigrants MeSH
• Epidemiological Monitoring MeSH
• Epidemiology * MeSH
• Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola diagnosis   prevention & control   MeSH
• HIV Infections diagnosis   epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Hygiene history   standards   education   MeSH
• Ectoparasitic Infestations MeSH
• Encephalitis, Tick-Borne diagnosis   transmission   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Congresses as Topic MeSH
• Communicable Disease Control MeSH
• Goats MeSH
• Legionellosis diagnosis   prevention & control   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Meningococcal Infections diagnosis   mortality   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Foodborne Diseases MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Communicable Diseases, Emerging MeSH
• Specimen Handling methods   standards   adverse effects   MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care standards   organization & administration   trends   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Measles diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• Tuberculosis diagnosis   prevention & control   MeSH
• Vaccination MeSH
• Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Hepatitis, Viral, Human diagnosis   epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Virus Diseases diagnosis   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Animals MeSH

Oxidative tissue damage is considered an early sign of cadmium (Cd) toxicity and has been linked with carcinogenesis. Manganese(II) - at low doses, was found to act as a potent antioxidant against oxidative stress in different in vitro systems producing lipid peroxidation conditions. The present study investigates in vivo antioxidant effects of Mn2+ pretreatment in acute Cd intoxication with regard to lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense system and cadmium distribution in the tissues of mice. Four groups of male mice (n=7–8) were used: Cd group was injected sc a single dose of CdCl2 • 21 H2O (7 mg/kg b.w.); Cd+Mn group was treated ip with MnCl2 • 4H2O (20 mg/kg b.w.) 24 hours before Cd intoxication; Mn group received manganese treatment only; Control group received saline only. Twenty-four hours after Cd intoxication an increased lipid peroxidation (p<0.05), depleted GSH level (p<0.01), increased activity of GSH-Px (p<0.05) and inhibited CAT activity (p<0.01) were found in Cd-treated group compared to controls. Manganese(II) pre-treatment either completely prevented (LP, GSH, GSH-Px) or significantly attenuated (CAT) these changes. Manganese(II) treatment alone decreased LP, enhanced hepatic GSH level and had no effect on antioxidant enzymes compared to control group. A significant increase of Cd concentration in the liver and decreased Cd concentration in the kidneys and testes were found in Cd+Mn treated mice compared to Cd-only treated group. The effect of manganese may result from a different metallothionein induction in particular organs. Manganese(II) pretreatment attenuated the interference of cadmium with Ca homeostasis, the alteration in Zn and Cu levels remained mostly unaffected.

• MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Magnesium therapeutic use   MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Liver Diseases physiopathology   MeSH
• Cadmium Poisoning therapy   MeSH
• Oxidative Stress drug effects   MeSH
• Trace Elements MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH

CONTEXT: Mass or cluster methanol poisonings are frequently reported from around the world. The comparative effectiveness of ethanol and fomepizole as antidotes for methanol poisoning is unknown due to the difficulty of performing a randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: During an outbreak of mass poisonings in the Czech Republic in 2012-2014, we compared the effects of antidotes on the frequency of health sequelae and mortality. METHODS: The study was designed as a cross-sectional case series and quasi-case-control study. Patients with a diagnosis of methanol poisoning on admission to hospitals were identified for the study. Diagnosis was established when (i) a history of recent ingestion of illicit spirits was available and serum methanol was higher than 6.2 mmol/L (20 mg/dL), or (ii) there was a history/clinical suspicion of methanol poisoning, and serum methanol was above the limit of detection with at least two of the following: pH < 7.3, serum bicarbonate < 20 mmol/L, and anion gap or AG ≥ 20 mmol/L. Fomepizole was given as a bolus dose of 15 mg/kg i.v. diluted in isotonic saline, followed by 10 mg/kg every 12 h (every 4 h during hemodialysis); ethanol was administered both intravenously as a 10% solution in 5% glucose, and per os in boluses of 20% solution. Multivariate regression was applied to determine the effect of antidote on outcome. Additionally, for a retrospective quasi-case-control study, a control group of patients treated with ethanol, matched carefully on severity of poisoning and other key parameters, was selected. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 100 hospitalized patients with confirmed poisoning: 25 patients treated with fomepizole were compared with 68 patients receiving ethanol (seven patients did not receive any antidote). More severely acidotic (p < 0.001) and late-presenting (>12 h; p = 0.028) patients received fomepizole more often than ethanol, as reflected in the higher number of fomepizole-treated patients being intubated (p = 0.009). No association was found between the type of antidote and the survival in either the case series (p = 0.205) or the quasi-control groups (p = 0.705) in which patients were very closely matched to minimize confounding by allocation. In the multivariate analysis, positive serum ethanol (odds ratio [OR], 10.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-39.9) and arterial blood pH (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3-10.5) on admission were the only independent variables for the survival. The median intensive care unit length of stay was 6 (range, 2-22) days in the fomepizole group and 4 (range, 1-33) days in the ethanol group (p = 0.131). There were no differences in the use of elimination techniques between the two groups (neither in the full material (n = 100), nor the case-control groups (n = 50)). CONCLUSIONS: This study on antidotes for methanol poisoning did not show any evidence of different clinical effectiveness. Although ethanol is generally associated with a higher incidence of complications, this study suggests that both antidotes are similarly effective and that ethanol should not be avoided on grounds of effectiveness.

• MeSH
• Antidotes administration & dosage   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Length of Stay MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Disease Outbreaks * MeSH
• Ethanol administration & dosage   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Hospitalization MeSH
• Administration, Intravenous MeSH
• Intensive Care Units MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Linear Models MeSH
• Logistic Models MeSH
• Methanol poisoning   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Multivariate Analysis MeSH
• Poisoning diagnosis   drug therapy   mortality   MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Pyrazoles administration & dosage   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Chi-Square Distribution MeSH
• Drug Administration Schedule MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• MeSH
• Food Safety MeSH
• Infections MeSH
• Dairy Products MeSH
• Milk MeSH
• Milk Sickness MeSH
• Chemistry, Organic MeSH
• Public Health MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• zemědělství a potravinářství

• MeSH
• Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning MeSH
• Environmental Exposure MeSH

• Conspectus
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NML Fields
• hygiena
• toxikologie
• environmentální vědy
• NML Publication type
• publikace WHO