ECOS
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Růstový hormon (GH) se používá jako lék od roku 1956. Od poloviny 80. let 20. století je pro léčbu k dispozici rekombinantní lidský růstový hormon, jehož výroba přispěla k rozšíření indikací léčby a k významnému nárůstu počtu léčených pacientů. Ke sledování fyziologických účinků léčby růstovým hormonem v rutinní praxi posloužily v minulých 35 letech růstové databáze a registry, které shromažďovaly klinické údaje o léčených pacientech. První a početně nejrozsáhlejší databáze KIGS obsahuje údaje o více než 83 tisících dětí. Na jejím základě vznikly robustní matematické modely, které predikovaly účinky léčby růstovým hormonem. Databáze GeNeSIS obsahuje údaje o více než 22 tisících dětech. Mimo jiné přispěla k poznání genetické etiologie deficitu růstového hormonu a k posouzení potenciálních rizik terapie. Databáze Nordinet® IOS má data o téměř 18 tisících dětí. Poslední, nejmenší, ale unikátní je databáze ECOS, která díky elektronickému sběru dat o každé injekci umožnila posoudit adherenci a compliance pacientů a jejich vliv na efekt terapie. Růstové databáze a registry pomohly porozumět algoritmům léčby růstovým hormonem, přispěly k její optimalizaci a do jisté míry i k efektivnějšímu využití finančních prostředků na léčbu.
Growth hormone (GH) has been used as a drug since 1956. Since mid-1980s, recombinant human growth hormone has been available for the treatment. The recombinant production of GH has contributed to extending the indication of treatment and significantly increasing the number of treated patients. In the past 35 years, growth databases and registers have been used to monitor the physiological effects of growth hormone treatment in routine practice by collecting clinical data about treated patients. The first and most extensive KIGS database contains data about more than 83,000 children. Based on this database, robust mathematical models have been developed, which are predicting the effects of growth hormone treatment. The GeNeSIS database contains more than 22,000 children. Simultaneously it contributed to understanding the genetic etiology of growth hormone deficiency and to assessing the potential risks of therapy. Nordinet® IOS has data on nearly 18,000 children. The last, smallest, but unique is the ECOS database, which, thanks to the web-based data collection about each injection, provide to assess the adherence and compliance of patients and their impact on the effect of therapy.Growth databases and registers helped to understand the algorithms of growth hormone treatment, also contributed to its optimization and particularly to more effective use of financial means for the treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- KIGS, GeNeSIS, ECOS,
- MeSH
- databáze jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidský růstový hormon terapeutické užití MeSH
- poruchy růstu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Background: Refugia are island-like habitats that are linked to long-term environmental stability and, as a result, high endemism. Conservation of refugia and endemism hotspots should be based on a deep ecological and evolutionary understanding of their functioning, which remains limited. Although functional traits can provide such insights, a corresponding, coherent framework is lacking. Proposed Framework: Plant communities in refugia and endemism hotspots should, due to long-term environmental stability, display unique functional characteristics linked to distinct phylogenetic patterns. Therefore, such communities should be characterized by a functional signature that exhibits: (1) distinct values and combinations of traits, (2) higher functional diversity and (3) a prevalence of similar traits belonging to more distantly related lineages inside, compared to outside, of endemism hotspots and refugia. While the limited functional trait data available from refugia and endemism hotspots do not allow these predictions to be tested rigorously, three potential applications of the functional signature in biogeography and conservation planning are highlighted. Firstly, it allows the functional characteristics of endemism hotspots and refugia to be identified. Secondly, the strength of the functional signature can be compared among these entities, and with the surrounding landscape, to provide an estimate of the capacity of endemism hotspots and refugia to buffer environmental changes. Finally, the pattern of the functional signature can reveal ecological and evolutionary processes driving community assembly and functioning, which can assist in predicting the effect of environmental changes (e.g. climate, land-use) on communities in endemism hotspots and refugia. Conclusion: The proposed functional signature concept allows the systematic integration of plant functional traits and phylogeny into the study of endemism hotspots and refugia, but more data on functional traits in these entities are urgently needed. Overcoming this limitation would facilitate rigorous testing of the proposed predictions for the functional signature, advancing the eco-evolutionary understanding of endemism hotspots and refugia.
- MeSH
- duševní poruchy psychologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- příroda MeSH
- psychoterapie metody trendy MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- sociální chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Wood chips ash coming from biomass heating plant is studied as an eco-friendly mineral admixture in mortar mix design. The raw material was mechanically activated by milling in a vibratory disc mill to a degree of fineness comparable to cement. For the mortars with ash dosage, basic physical, mechanical, hygric, and thermal properties is accessed. The mortars with partial Portland cement replacement with wood chips ash exhibited good functional properties for all studied ash dosages. With increasing amount of the ash used, the average pore diameter decreased due to the partial filler effect of WCHA in mortar mix. The strength activity index was very high for all studied mortars and gave evidence of the wood chips ash pozzolanity. The pozzolan effectiveness coefficient varied from 1.52 to 0.59, which proved the pozzolanity of the studied ash and synergic effects in the Portland cement-ash-water system. The results of leaching tests showed, the chlorides contained in ash were safely immobilized in the silicate matrix. The environmental evaluation revealed decrease in both carbon dioxide production and energy consumption by the use of wood chips ash in mortar mix. For the mortar with 20% substitution of Portland cement with wood chips ash, it represents 15% of CO2 and 16% of energy, as compared with the reference mortar mix. As the developed mortars possess good functional and environmental parameters the analyzed wood chips ash can be considered as an eco-efficient low-cost alternative to other pozzolans for production of blended binders.
- MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- dřevo * MeSH
- konstrukční materiály MeSH
- minerály MeSH
- popel uhelný * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Insects often overcome unfavorable seasons in a hormonally regulated state of diapause during which their activity ceases, development is arrested, metabolic rate is suppressed, and tolerance of environmental stress is bolstered. Diapausing insects pass through a stereotypic succession of eco-physiological phases termed "diapause development." The phasing is varied in the literature, and the whole concept is sometimes criticized as being too artificial. Here we present the results of transcriptional profiling using custom microarrays representing 1,042 genes in the drosophilid fly, Chymomyza costata Fully grown, third-instar larvae programmed for diapause by a photoperiodic (short-day) signal were assayed as they traversed the diapause developmental program. When analyzing the gradual dynamics in the transcriptomic profile, we could readily distinguish distinct diapause developmental phases associated with induction/initiation, maintenance, cold acclimation, and termination by cold or by photoperiodic signal. Accordingly, each phase is characterized by a specific pattern of gene expression, supporting the physiological relevance of the concept of diapause phasing. Further, we have dissected in greater detail the changes in transcript levels of elements of several signaling pathways considered critical for diapause regulation. The phase of diapause termination is associated with enhanced transcript levels in several positive elements stimulating direct development (the 20-hydroxyecdysone pathway: Ecr, Shd, Broad; the Wnt pathway: basket, c-jun) that are countered by up-regulation in some negative elements (the insulin-signaling pathway: Ilp8, PI3k, Akt; the target of rapamycin pathway: Tsc2 and 4EBP; the Wnt pathway: shaggy). We speculate such up-regulations may represent the early steps linked to termination of diapause programming.
- MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus genetika MeSH
- diapauza hmyzu genetika MeSH
- diapauza genetika MeSH
- Drosophilidae genetika MeSH
- fotoperioda MeSH
- hmyz genetika MeSH
- hmyzí proteiny genetika MeSH
- larva metabolismus MeSH
- sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů metody MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese metody MeSH
- transkriptom MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Od léta 2013, kdy jsme ve Zprávách CEM naposled referovali o aktuálních taxonomických změnách v rodu Staphylococcus, bylo popsáno pět dalších nových stafylokoků. V červenci 2013 byl v International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM) popsán druh S. jettensis, který byl následně v lednu 2014 reklasifikován jako třetí poddruh S. petrasii. Tento nový poddruh S. petrasii subsp. jettensis se stejně jako další poddruhy S. petrasii vyskytuje v humánním klinickém materiálu. V letošním lednu byl publikován popis dalších dvou druhů S. argenteus a S. schweitzeri. Oba druhy jsou koaguláza pozitivní a fenotypově i fylogeneticky jsou velmi blízké druhu S. aureus. Aktuálně byly v IJSEM přijaty do tisku popisy dalších dvou nových stafylokoků. V březnu byl akceptován popis celkem již devátého stafylokoka popsaného českými autory, S. petrasii subsp. pragensis, izolovaného z humánního klinického materiálu. Dalším, zatím posledním popsaným druhem, je S. argensis, izolovaný v Německu z říčního sedimentu. V současnosti zahrnuje rod Staphylococcus 49 různých druhů, 9 druhů má dva poddruhy, jeden tři a jeden čtyři poddruhy.
Since the summer of 2013 when changes to the taxonomy of the genus Staphylococcus were last reported, five novel staphylococcal species have been described. In July 2013, the species S. jettensis was proposed in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM) but was reclassified into the third subspecies of S. petrasii in January 2014. Similarly to other subspecies of S. petrasii, the novel subspecies S. petrasii subsp. jettensis is found in human clinical specimens. In January 2015, two novel staphylococcal species, S. argenteus and S. schweitzeri, were described. They are both coagulase positive and phenotypically and phylogenetically close to the species S. aureus. The manuscripts describing two additional staphylococcal species have been accepted for publication in IJSEM in 2015. In March 2015, the description of the ninth novel staphylococcal species proposed by Czech authors, S. petrasii, subsp. pragensis, isolated from human clinical material, was accepted for publication. Another, the most recent novel staphylococcal species is S. argensis isolated from river sediment in Germany, the proposal of which was accepted for publication in IJSEM in May 2015. Currently, the genus Staphylococcus includes 49 different species, with nine species having two subspecies, one species having three subspecies, and one species having four subspecies.
- MeSH
- deoxyribonukleasa EcoRI * klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ribotypizace využití MeSH
- Staphylococcus * klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a disseminated protozoan infection caused by Leishmania donovani that affects almost half a million people annually. In Northern Ethiopia, VL is common in migrant agricultural laborers returning from the lowland sesame fields of Metema and Humera. Recent VL foci have emerged in resident rural populations near the town. In the current study, we evaluate multilevel entomological, epidemiological and ecological factors associated with infection and disease through fine-scale eco-epidemiological analyses in three villages. Satellite images showed that villages constructed in or close to vertisols, were likely to become endemic for VL. Vertisols or black-cotton soil, are characterized by high contents of smectitic clay minerals, which swell when hydrated and shrink upon desiccation, causing extensive deep cracking during the dry season. The population densities of Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector, were negatively correlated with distance from vertisols and persons living close to vertisols were more likely to be bitten by sand flies, as evidenced by sero-positivity to Ph. orientalis saliva. Apparent (albeit non-significant) clustering of VL cases and abundant asymptomatic infections close to vertisols, suggest anthroponotic transmission around houses located close to vertisols. Comparable rates of male and female volunteers, mostly under 15 years of age, were infected with L. donovani but a significantly higher proportion of males succumbed to VL indicating a physiological gender-linked male susceptibility. Our data suggest that the abundant infected persons with high parasitemias who remain asymptomatic, may serve as reservoir hosts for anthroponotic transmission inside villages. Only limited insights on the transmission dynamics of L. donovani were gained by the study of environmental factors such as presence of animals, house structure and vegetation cover.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- hustota populace MeSH
- Leishmania donovani MeSH
- leishmanióza viscerální epidemiologie parazitologie přenos MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nemoci z povolání epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Psychodidae MeSH
- půda MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
- venkovské obyvatelstvo MeSH
- zemědělství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Etiopie epidemiologie MeSH
Bacillus circulans 528 produces a restriction endonuclease, Bci528I which is an isoschizomer of EcoRI. We purified the enzyme, using Sephadex G-150, Phospho-cellulose, DEAE-cellulose, Hepharin-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The specific activity of Bci528I was 29,400 U/mg·protein. Bci528I recognizes 5'-GAATTC-3' in dsDNA and cleaves between G and A of the recognition sequence, producing a symmetric four base 5'overhang.
