Epilepsy monitoring unit
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... and Contributors vii -- Preface ix -- Acknowledgements xi -- Section I: Social implications -- 1 Epilepsy ... ... care: the problem from child to adult -- Ian McKinlay 3 -- Discussion 11 -- 2 The epidemiology of epilepsy ... ... in childhood -- Zarrina Kurtz, Pat Tookey and Euan Ross 13 -- Discussion 21 -- 3 Education and epilepsy ... ... drug treatment and withdrawal -- David Chadwick 65 -- Discussion 71 -- 8 Cognitive function and epilepsy ... ... and visual display units -- Arnold J. ...
A Wiley medical publication
xi, 169 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 24 cm
PURPOSE: The European Union-funded E-PILEPSY network aims to improve awareness of, and accessibility to, epilepsy surgery across Europe. In this study we assessed current clinical practices in epilepsy monitoring units (EMUs) in the participating centers. METHOD: A 60-item web-based survey was distributed to 25 centers (27 EMUs) of the E-PILEPSY network across 22 European countries. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the characteristics of EMUs, including organizational aspects, admission, and observation of patients, procedures performed, safety issues, cost, and reimbursement. RESULTS: Complete responses were received from all (100%) EMUs surveyed. Continuous observation of patients was performed in 22 (81%) EMUs during regular working hours, and in 17 EMUs (63%) outside of regular working hours. Fifteen (56%) EMUs requested a signed informed consent before admission. All EMUs performed tapering/withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs, 14 (52%) prior to admission to an EMU. Specific protocols on antiepileptic drugs (AED) tapering were available in four (15%) EMUs. Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) for the treatment of seizure clusters and status epilepticus were available in 16 (59%). Safety measures implemented by EMUs were: alarm seizure buttons in 21 (78%), restricted patient's ambulation in 19 (70%), guard rails in 16 (59%), and specially designated bathrooms in 7 (26%). Average costs for one inpatient day in EMU ranged between 100 and 2200 Euros. CONCLUSION: This study shows a considerable diversity in the organization and practice patterns across European epilepsy monitoring units. The collected data may contribute to the development and implementation of evidence-based recommended practices in LTM services across Europe.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektroencefalografie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- monitorování fyziologických funkcí statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- refrakterní epilepsie diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Antiepileptiká sú liečivá určené na dlhodobú terapiu, a preto ich možné nežiaduce účinky vyžadujú zvýšenú pozornosť. Terapeutické riziko týchto liečiv je obzvlášť zvýraznené pri liečbe detských pacientov, a to najmä v súvislosti s užívaním klasických antiepileptík. Cieľom práce bolo získať údaje o bezpečnosti antiepileptickej terapie detských pacientov dispenzarizovaných vo vybranej detskej neurologickej ambulancii. Metodika: V práci sme analyzovali nežiaduce účinky antiepileptík u detských pacientov dispenzarizovaných v detskej neurologickej ambulancii v Nitre za obdobie 10 rokov (1994–2004). V uvedenom období sa dispenzarizovalo 219 pacientov s diagnózou epilepsie. Zdrojom dát bola zdravotná dokumentácia pacientov. Výsledky: Monoterapiou sa liečilo 53?% detských pacientov. Najčastejšie indikovaným antiepileptikom bola kyselina valproová. V sledovanom súbore sa nežiaduce účinky antiepileptík vyskytli takmer u 30?% pacientov. Väčšina nežiaducich reakcií (85?%) mala menej závažný charakter a objavila sa v súvislosti s liečbou kyselinou valproovou a karbamazepínom. Najviac zastúpené spektrum nežiaducich účinkov predstavovali: gastrointestinálne ťažkosti (39?%), CNS prejavy (37?%), kožné prejavy (14?%) a poruchy krvotvorby (9?%). Väčšina z nich mala len prechodný charakter. Závažné (idiosynkratické) nežiaduce účinky (akútna pankreatitída po kys. valproovej, toxoalergický exantém po karbamazepíne, koncentrické zúženie zorného poľa po vigabatríne) boli vo forme Hlásenia o nežiaducom účinku lieku odoslané do Národného centra pre nežiaduce účinky liekov v Bratislave. Záver: Z výsledkov našej práce vyplýva, že liečbu klasickými antiepileptikami (fenytoínom, kyselinou valproovou, karbamazepínom) sprevádza relatívne častý výskyt nežiaducich reakcií. Novšie antiepileptiká majú priaznivejší profil nežiaducich účinkov, avšak neustále prebieha ich klinické hodnotenie.
Anticonvulsants are drugs for a longtime therapy, therefore their possible adverse effects require more attention. The aim of study was to obtain data about adverse effects and overall risk of antiepileptic therapy in paediatric patients with epilepsy. Methods: We analyse the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs used by paediatric patients, who were treated in private paediatric neurological practice in Nitra during 10 years time (1994–2004). Over this period, there were 219 patients treated with the diagnosis of epilepsy in this ambulance. Medical records of these patients have provided the source of data. Results: One hundred sixteen (53?%) patients were treated by monotherapy. Valproate was the most often used antiepileptic drug. Adverse effects of anticonvulsants were presented at almost 30?% of patients. Most of the adverse reactions had less serious character and developed after the treatment with both valproate and carbamazepine. The most frequent adverse effects were gastrointestinal problems (39?%), central nervous system problems (37?%), skin eruptions (14?%) and malfunction of haemopoiesis (9?%). Serious (idiosyncratic) adverse effects (acute pancreatitis after valproate therapy, toxoallergic exanthema after carbamazepine, exocentric constriction of visual field after vigabatrine) were reported to the National monitoring centre for the adverse reactions of drugs in Bratislava. Conclusion: Our results point out on the fact that the therapy by classic antiepileptics (phenytoin, valproate and carbamazepine) is connected by relatively frequent incidence of the adverse reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor actively anamnestic, clinical and laboratory warning manifestation of possible adverse reaction.
Základem diferenciální diagnostiky nezvládnutelných epilepsií jsou především neinvazivní zobrazovací metody a dlouhodobé video-EEG monitorování. U pacientů zařazených do epileptochirurgického programu se v různé míře uplatňují i semiinvazivní a invazivní postupy. Cílem vyšetřování je zís maximum validních informací při současné minimalizaci zátěže pacienta i finančních nákladů. Z těchto důvodů jsou hledány vhodné kombinace jednotlivých metod i způsoby vyhodnocování jejich efektivnosti. Jedním z kritérií užitečnosti použité metody může být u operovaných pacientů korelace s poOperační frekvencí záchvatů. V naší studii jsme zhodnotili výtěžnost video-EEG monitorování u 94 pacientů, kteří byli vyšetřováni pro nezvládnutelnou epilepsii na Jednotce intenzivního monitorování ve FN Motol v letech 1995 - 1997. U všech pacientů byla provedena magnetická rezonance (MRI), mezi predoperační metody jsme nově zařadili i protonovou magnetickou rezonanční spektroskopii (IHMRS). u operovaných pacientů jsme porovnali predoperační nálezy a užité metody s pooperačními výsledky. Příznivý pooperační průběh potvrdil správnost indikace u 65 % pacientů, nejlepší výsledky byly u pacientů s temporální epilepsií (76 % úspěšně operovaných). U pacientů operovaných pouze na základě neinvazivních metod byl pooperační průběh příznivý v 81 %, u invazi vně monitorovaných pacientů byla operace úspěšná v polovině případů.
The basis of the differential diagnosis of uncontrollable epilepsies are above all non-iiivasive imaging methods and long-term video-EEG monitoring. In patients included in an epileptosurgical programme also semi-invasive and invasive methods play a role to a different extent. The objective of the examinawon is to obtain a maximum of valid information while reducing the burdening of the patient and financial costs to a minimum. Therefore a suitable combination of different methods and ways of evaluation of their effectiveness are sought. One of the criteria of usefulness of an applied method in operated patients can be a correlation with the postoperative frequency of attacks. In the submitted trial the authors evaluated the yield of video-EEG monitoring in 94 patients who were examined on account of uncontrollable epilepsy at the Unit for intensive monitoring at the Faculty Hospital Motol in 1995-1997. In all patients magnetic resonance (MRI) was applied; among preoperative methods also proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (IHMRS) was included. In operated patients the authors compared preoperative findings and applied methods with postoperative results. A favourable postoperative course confirmed the correct indication in 65 % of patients, the best results were obtained in patients with temporal epilepsy (76 % successfully operated). In patients operated only on the basis of non-invasive methods the postoperative development was favourable in 81 %, in invasively monitored patients surgery was successful in half of the patients.
The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of training the Neural Network (multilayer perceptron) classifier and preprocessing units simultaneously, i.e., that properties of preprocessing are chosen automatically during the training phase. In the first realization step, adaptive recursive estimation of the power within a frequency band was used as a preprocessing unit. To improve the efficiency of special units, the power and momentary frequency estimation was replaced by methods that are based on adaptive Hilbert transformers. The strategy was developed to obtain optimized recognition units that can be efficiently integrated into strategies for monitoring the cerebral status of neonates. Therefore, applications (e.g., in neonatal EEG pattern recognition) will be shown. Additionally, a method of minimizing the error function was used, where this minimization is based on optimizing the network structure. The results of structure optimization in the field of EEG pattern recognition in epileptic patients can be demonstrated.
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda diagnóza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- diagnostické techniky neurologické MeSH
- edém mozku diagnóza komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- endovaskulární výkony metody normy MeSH
- epilepsie diagnóza komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- farmakoterapie * metody normy MeSH
- hydrocefalus diagnóza prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- intrakraniální aneurysma diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- jednotky intenzivní péče normy MeSH
- klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- medicína založená na důkazech metody normy MeSH
- monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody normy MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony * metody normy MeSH
- příručky lékařské MeSH
- subarachnoidální krvácení * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- tromboembolie diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Akutní subdurální hematom (ASDH) je nejčastější typ traumatického nitrolebního krvácení s vysokou morbiditou a mortalitou. Ve většině případů je nezbytné akutní operační řešení, vzácně je možné menší asymptomatické ASDH sledovat, jejich resorpce je většinou dlouhodobá, často s vytvořením chronického subdurálního hematomu (CSDH). Bylo popsáno pouze několik případů promptní resorpce ASDH, ale někteří autoři tvrdí, že je jejich incidence podhodnocena. Prezentujeme případ traumaticky vzniklého ASDH u mladé alkoholičky, u níž došlo k téměř kompletní resorpci hematomu za cca 20 hod.
Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is the most common type of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage associated with high morbidity and mortality. The majority of cases require acute surgery. Monitoring may rarely be sufficient in smaller asymptomatic ASDH. Their resorption is usually prolonged and often associated with formation of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Prompt resorption of hematomas have been described in a few cases only but some authors argue that their incidence is underestimated. We present a case of traumatic ASDH in a young alcoholic patient, in whom a follow-up CT of the brain performed about 20 hours later revealed almost complete resorption of the hematoma. Key words: acute subdural hematoma – chronic subdural hematoma – prompt resorption The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- alkoholismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epilepsie komplikace MeSH
- jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- subdurální hematom * diagnóza etiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- úrazy pádem MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
The duration of slow-wave sleep (SWS) is related to the reported sleep quality and to the important variables of mental and physical health. The internal cues to end an episode of SWS are poorly understood. One such internal cue is the initiation of a body movement, which is detectable as electromyographic (EMG) activity in sleep-electroencephalography (EEG). In the present study, we characterized the termination of SWS episodes by movement to explore its potential as a biomarker. To this end, we characterized the relation between the occurrence of SWS termination by movement and individual characteristics (age, sex), SWS duration and spectral content, chronotype, depression, medication, overnight memory performance, and, as a potential neurological application, epilepsy. We analyzed 94 full-night EEG-EMG recordings (75/94 had confirmed epilepsy) in the video-EEG monitoring unit of the EpiCARE Centre Salzburg, Austria. Segments of SWS were counted and rated for their termination by movement or not through the visual inspection of continuous EEG and EMG recordings. Multiple linear regression was used to predict the number of SWS episodes that ended with movement by depression, chronotype, type of epilepsy (focal, generalized, no epilepsy, unclear), medication, gender, total duration of SWS, occurrence of seizures during the night, occurrence of tonic-clonic seizures during the night, and SWS frequency spectra. Furthermore, we assessed whether SWS movement termination was related to overnight memory retention. According to multiple linear regression, patients with overall longer SWS experienced more SWS episodes that ended with movement (t = 5.64; p = 0.001). No other variable was related to the proportion of SWS that ended with movement, including no epilepsy-related variable. A small sample (n = 4) of patients taking Sertraline experienced no SWS that ended with movement, which was significant compared to all other patients (t = 8.00; p < 0.001) and to n = 35 patients who did not take any medication (t = 4.22; p < 0.001). While this result was based on a small subsample and must be interpreted with caution, it warrants replication in a larger sample with and without seizures to further elucidate the role of the movement termination of SWS and its potential to serve as a biomarker for sleep continuity and for medication effects on sleep.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
... Motor Unit Number Estimates 238 Compound Muscle Action Potential 239 Sampling of Single Motor Unit Potential ... ... Anatomy of the Motor Unit 323 Innervation Ratio 323 Distribution of Muscle Fibers 325 -- 6. ... ... Physiology of the Motor Unit 326 Size Principles and Recruitment 326 Twitch Characteristics 327 -- Rate ... ... Motor Unit Potential 339 Motor Unit Profile 339 Amplitude 340 -- Rise Time 341 Duration 341 Area 341 ... ... Motor Unit Potentials 378 Types of Abnormalities 378 Lower Motoneuron versus -- Myopathic Disorders 380 ...
4th ed. xxix, 1146 s. : il., tab. ; 26 cm + 1 CD-ROM
- MeSH
- elektrodiagnostika metody MeSH
- elektromyografie MeSH
- nemoci míchy diagnóza MeSH
- nervové vedení fyziologie MeSH
- nervový přenos fyziologie MeSH
- neuromuskulární nemoci diagnóza MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- neurologie
- diagnostika
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie