Fertilization
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Crude oil contamination has been shown to impair reproduction in aquatic animals through carcinogenic and genotoxic properties. Here, we assessed the endocrine-disrupting function of crude oil on male reproductive system based on testicular histology, sex steroid hormones, and fertility endpoints in adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus), which were exposed to 0.02- to 2-mg/L crude oil for 21 days (Experiment #1) or to 5- to 250-mg/L crude oil for 9 days (Experiment #2). The crude oil contained 0.22-mg/L nickel (Ni), 1.10-mg/L vanadium (V), and 12.87-mg/L polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Twenty-four hours after adding crude oil, the sum of PAHs ranged from 0.30 to 2.28 μg/L in the aquaria containing 0.02- and 250-mg/L crude oil, respectively. Water analyses for heavy metals in Experiment #2 showed high concentrations (mg/L) of Ni (0.07-0-09) and V (0.10-0.21). For both experiments, exposure to crude oil did not impact gonadosomatic index; however, testes showed histopathological defects including hyperplasia or hypertrophy of Sertoli cells, depletion of the Leydig cells, necrosis of germ cells, and fibrosis of lobular wall. In Experiment #1, sperm production and motility, testosterone (T), and 17β-estradiol (E2) were not significantly different among treatments. In Experiment #2, the number of spermiating males decreased by ~50% following exposure to 250-mg/L crude oil. Sperm production, motility kinematics, T, and the T/E2 ratio significantly decreased in males exposed to ≥ 50-mg/L crude oil; however, E2 remained unchanged. Results show crude oil-induced imbalance of sex steroid hormones disrupts spermatogenesis resulting in diminished sperm production and motility.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * toxicita MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory * toxicita MeSH
- karas zlatý * fyziologie MeSH
- motilita spermií * účinky léků MeSH
- pohlavní steroidní hormony * metabolismus krev MeSH
- ropa * toxicita MeSH
- rozmnožování účinky léků MeSH
- spermie * účinky léků patologie MeSH
- testis * účinky léků patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of the present study was to examine gender and age-specific effects on subjective daytime sleepiness (as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale), body weight and eating behaviour in patients with central disorders of hypersomnolence. Based on the European Narcolepsy Network database, we compared 1035 patients with narcolepsy type I and 505 patients with other central disorders of hypersomnolence ("narcoleptic borderland"), including narcolepsy type II (N = 308) and idiopathic hypersomnia (N = 174), using logistic regression and general linear models. In the entire study population, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was higher in women (N = 735, mean age = 30 years, mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale = 16.6 ± SD 3.9) than in men (N = 805, mean age = 32 years, mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale = 15.8 ± SD 4.4). In women with narcolepsy type I (N = 475), both Epworth Sleepiness Scale and body mass index increased in parallel with age. In women of the narcoleptic borderland (N = 260), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale markedly peaked in their early 30s, while body mass index only started to rise at that age. This rise in body mass index following the Epworth Sleepiness Scale peak cannot be explained by sleepiness-induced uncontrolled eating, as self-reported uncontrolled eating was negatively associated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in this group. We propose that the narcoleptic borderland harbours a unique cluster of women in their fertile years with an unexplored aetiology requiring further investigation towards tailored interventions.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- narkolepsie * patofyziologie MeSH
- poruchy nadměrné spavosti * patofyziologie epidemiologie MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
High soil pH and excess CaCO3 are major contributors to calcareous soil limitations on crops' access to essential nutrients, especially phosphorus (P) and micronutrients, which in turn impact pulses yields and growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bio sulfur granules (BSG) on the growth of black gram and the availability of nutrients in calcareous vertisols deficient in sulfur. BSG was developed by using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and elemental sulfur (ES) through an incubation study. Developed BSG was tested in a pot and field conditions to evaluate their effectiveness on black gram growth and yield. In the incubation study, soil treated with Methylobacterium thiocyanatum VRI7-A4 and ES (40 kg S/ha) significantly decreased pH and increased available S (SO42-) in calcareous soils. After 40 days of incubation, the solubility of P, Fe, and Zn was greatly increased by the addition of ES @ 40 kg S/ ha in combination with M. thiocyanatum VRI7-A4 or Pandoraea thiooxydans ATSB16. Black gram in S-deficient calcareous soil was improved by the application of BSG (ES @ 40 kg S/ ha with M. thiocyanatum VRI7-A7) in terms of root and shoot lengths, nodule number, plant biomass, pod yield, and biological yield as compared to control. The same treatment greatly increased plant nutrient intake as well as the concentrations of P, Fe, and Zn in the soil. The results showed that the addition of BSG granules (ES @ 40 kg S/ha + M. thiocyanatum VRI7-A4) to calcareous vertisol deficient in S enhanced the nutrient solubility through S oxidation. The developed bio sulfur granules may be added to the fertilizer schedule of the pulses growers to get improved crop growth and yield of black gram in calcareous soil.
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a significant factor restricting the healthy development of the apple industry. Biological control is an important and sustainable method for mitigating ARD. In this study, a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa GRY-11 was isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of healthy apple trees in old apple orchards in Shandong Province, China, and the effects of strain GRY-11 on soil microbial community and ARD were studied. The result showed that P. polymyxa GRY-11 could effectively inhibit the growth of the main pathogenic fungi that caused ARD, and the inhibition rates of the strain against Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum were 80.00%, 71.60%, 75.00%, and 70.00%, respectively. In addition, the fermentation supernatant played an active role in suppressing the growth of pathogenic fungi. The results of the pot experiment showed that the bacterial fertilizer of the GRY-11 promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis seedlings, improved the activity of protective enzymes in plant roots, enhanced the soil enzyme content, and optimized the soil microbial environment. In general, the GRY-11 can be used as an effective microbial preparation to alleviate ARD. Our study offers novel perspectives for the prevention of ARD.
- MeSH
- antibióza MeSH
- biologická kontrola škůdců * MeSH
- biologická ochrana * MeSH
- Fusarium růst a vývoj MeSH
- houby růst a vývoj MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- Malus * mikrobiologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- nemoci rostlin * mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Paenibacillus polymyxa * izolace a purifikace fyziologie genetika klasifikace MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- rhizosféra MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
Článek představuje a analyzuje judikaturu Evropského soudu pro lidská práva týkající se asistované reprodukce, pročež vyvozuje právní závěry, resp. důsledky, které z této rozhodovací praxe vyplývají. Zabývá se kupř. udělením souhlasu s umělým oplodněním, anonymním i neanonymním dárcovstvím gamet, přístupem k metodám umělého oplodnění a preimplantační genetické diagnostice, umělému oplodnění post mortem, nakládáním s nadbytečnými embryi pro vědecký výzkum či omezením přístupu k IVF kvůli věku. Z hlediska struktury jsou vždy nejprve představeny skutkové okolnosti jednotlivých případů a následně jejich právní posouzení. Text uzavírá celkové shrnutí právních závěrů.
The article presents and analyzes the case law of the European Court of Human Rights concerning assisted reproduction, with the aim to summarize legal conclusions and identify the implications arising from them. It addresses e.g. consent to artificial insemination, both anonymous and non-anonymous gamete donation, access to assisted reproduction techniques and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, post mortem fertilization, the use of surplus embryos for scientific research or age-based restrictions on access to IVF. In terms of structure, each case will be introduced with its factual background, followed by an examination of the legal reasoning reached by the Court. The summary of legal conclusions brings the text to a close.
Během těhotenství dochází k významným fyziologickým změnám, které ovlivňují funkci štítné žlázy. Hormony štítné žlázy jsou klíčové pro vývoj plodu, zejména v prvním trimestru, kdy je plně závislý na mateřských hormonech. Poruchy štítné žlázy, jako je hypotyreóza nebo autoimunitní tyreoiditida, mohou negativně ovlivnit fertilitu a průběh těhotenství a jsou v populaci časté. Od roku 2024 byl proto v ČR zaváděn celoplošný screening tyreopatií v těhotenství, díky kterému podstoupí vyšetření štítné žlázy a ultrazvuk štítné žlázy více těhotných žen než dříve. Vedlejším nálezem, na který screening primárně necílí, pak mohou být uzlové změny ve štítné žláze. Převážná část z nich je benigní, ale vzácně může být zachycen i karcinom štítné žlázy. V této stati je prezentována kazuistika pacientky, u které byl v rámci těhotenského screeningu zachycen papilární karcinom štítné žlázy a která podstoupila totální tyroidektomii ve druhém trimestru gravidity.
During pregnancy, significant physiological changes occur that affect thyroid function. Thyroid hormones are crucial for fetal development, especially in the first trimester when the fetus is fully dependent on maternal hormones. Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or autoimmune thyroiditis can adversely affect fertility and the course of pregnancy and and are commonly found in the population. Therefore, since 2024, a nationwide screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy has been introduced in the country, which will result in more pregnant women undergoing thyroid screening and thyroid ultrasound than before. A secondary finding not primarily targeted by screening may be nodular changes in the thyroid gland. The majority of these (99%) are benign, but rarely thyroid cancer may be detected. In this article, we present a case report of a patient who was found to have papillary thyroid carcinoma during pregnancy screening and who underwent total thyroidectomy in the second trimester of pregnancy.
The soil microbiota exhibits an important function in the ecosystem, and its response to climate change is of paramount importance for sustainable agroecosystems. The macronutrients, micronutrients, and additional constituents vital for the growth of plants are cycled biogeochemically under the regulation of the soil microbiome. Identifying and forecasting the effect of climate change on soil microbiomes and ecosystem services is the need of the hour to address one of the biggest global challenges of the present time. The impact of climate change on the structure and function of the soil microbiota is a major concern, explained by one or more sustainability factors around resilience, reluctance, and rework. However, the past research has revealed that microbial interventions have the potential to regenerate soils and improve crop resilience to climate change factors. The methods used therein include using soil microbes' innate capacity for carbon sequestration, rhizomediation, bio-fertilization, enzyme-mediated breakdown, phyto-stimulation, biocontrol of plant pathogens, antibiosis, inducing the antioxidative defense pathways, induced systemic resistance response (ISR), and releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the host plant. Microbial phytohormones have a major role in altering root shape in response to exposure to drought, salt, severe temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity and also have an impact on the metabolism of endogenous growth regulators in plant tissue. However, shelf life due to the short lifespan and storage time of microbial formulations is still a major challenge, and efforts should be made to evaluate their effectiveness in crop growth based on climate change. This review focuses on the influence of climate change on soil physico-chemical status, climate change adaptation by the soil microbiome, and its future implications.
1. vydání 213 stran : portréty ; 24 cm
Publikace obsahuje rozhovory, ve kterých lidé sdílejí své zkušenosti s vitro fertilizací v Česku v posledních letech. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Tohle není jen kniha o IVF. Je to svědectví o odvaze, naději, zármutku i síle. Novinářka Lucie Ptáčková přináší rozhovory s těmi, které spojuje zkušenost s umělým oplodněním. Ať už mají za sebou negativní testy, potraty či porod mrtvého dítěte, ať už se dočkali svého potomka, nebo snahu o něj opustili – jsou to hrdinové. Čekejte bolest, smích i otevřenost, která místy bere dech. Pokud zrovna nesete těžký batoh IVF, či jste ho už odložili, ale stopy po popruzích budete mít už navždy – tahle kniha je pro vás.
- MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro * MeSH
- rodiče MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- rozhovory MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Gynekologie. Porodnictví
- NLK Obory
- reprodukční lékařství
Tento článek shrnuje roli telomer a enzymu telomerázy v reprodukční fyziologii zvířat a možnosti jejich terapeutického ovlivnění. Telomery, nacházející se na koncích chromozomů, hrají klíčovou roli v ochraně genomové stability a buněčné proliferace. Jejich zkracování může negativně ovlivnit fertilitu, kvalitu gamet a embryonální vývoj. Telomeráza je enzym, který prodlužuje telomery a je aktivní především v kmenových a zárodečných buňkách. Poznatky z humánní medicíny naznačují, že podpora její aktivity může mít pozitivní vliv na repro dukční úspěšnost samců i samic. Protože biologie telomer je u lidí i zvířat velmi podobná, lze poznatky přenést do veterinární medicíny (Fick, 2012). Tento článek analyzuje dostupné studie a zkoumá potenciální využití telomerázové terapie ve veterinární praxi.
This article summarizes the role of telomeres and the enzyme telomerase in animal reproductive physiology and explores potential the rapeutic interventions. Telomeres, located at the ends of chromosomes, play a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability and cellular proliferation. Their shortening can negatively impact fertility, gamete quality, and embryonic development. Telomerase is an enzyme that extends telomeres and is primarily active in stem and germ cells. Findings from human medicine suggest that enhancing its activity may positively influence reproductive success in both males and females. Since telomere biology is highly similar between humans and animals, these insights can be translated into veterinary medicine (Fick, 2012). This article reviews current studies and examines the potential applications of telomerase therapy in veterinary practice.