• MeSH
• infekční nemoci MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• infekční lékařství

Příčiny rozvoje aterosklerózy jsou dnes velmi zkoumaným tématem. Kromě klasických rizikových faktorů přibývají nové, jedním z nich jsou infekční onemocnění. V článku jsou shrnuty současné znalosti o vlivu infekce Chlamydií pneumoniae, Helikobakterem pylori, cytomegalovirem, chřipkou a dalšími infekčními agens. Dle provedených studií konkrétní infekční agens nemají vliv, důležitá je spíše celková infekční zátěž jedince, která působí trvalou aktivaci imunitního systému. Intenzita reakce imunitního systému na infekci je pravděpodobně dána geneticky. U konkrétního jedince je výsledný stav onemocnění dán souhrou infekčních, metabolických a genetických faktorů.

The causes of atherosclerosis progression are one of the most investigated topics today. In addition to the classical risk factors, there are new ones, infectious diseases being one of them. Current knowledge on the infections of Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus, influenza and other are summarized in the article. Single infectious agents have probably no influence on atherogenesis, while pathogen burden, causing chronic activation of the immune system, seems to play a role. The intensity of immune reaction in an individual is probably determined genetically. Thus infectious, metabolic and genetic causes influence the final stage of atherosclerosis in an individual.

• MeSH
• arterioskleróza etiologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Chlamydophila pneumoniae patogenita   MeSH
• Cytomegalovirus patogenita   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori patogenita   MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• infekční nemoci diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• imunizace ekonomika   MeSH
• infekční nemoci MeSH
• rotavirové infekce epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• vakcína proti rotavirům MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• infekční lékařství
• epidemiologie

V súvislosti so zavedením centrálnych žilových katétrov (ďalej CZK) literatúra uvádza výrazne vyššie riziko infekcie v porovnaní s periférnym žilovým prístupom. Jej liečba je veľmi komplikovaná a môže viesť k zvýšeniu morbidity aj mortality kriticky chorých pacientov. Preto je v súčasnej dobe kladený dôraz na prevenciu týchto ťažkých komplikácií. Starostlivosť o centrálny žilný katéter si počas akejkoľvek manipulácie s katétrom vyžaduje prísne dodržiavanie antisepsy. Prevencia katétrovej sepsy, ako aj kontaminácie a kolonizácie centrálneho žilového katétra, spočíva v zavedení katétra za aseptických podmienok a jeho sterilnom ošetrovaní, starostlivosti o spojovacie systémy, v sterilnej príprave infúznych roztokov a liekov, správnom výbere miesta vpichu, ako aj v ponechaní katétra in situ iba na potrebnú dobu. Najväčší efekt v prevencii katétrových infekcií sa prejavil zavedením tzv. maximálnych bariérových opatrení pri zavádzaní CŽK.

According to literary data the use of central venous catheters (CVC) is burdened with a significantly higher number of complications than a periferal venous approach. The management of these complications is difficult and may increase the morbidity and even mortality of critically sick patients. This is why there is such emphasis on the prevention of these serious complications. Strict antiseptic procedures are an absolute must when handling such catheters. To prevent catheter sepsis, as well as any contamination and colonization of a central venous catheter, it is essential to insert such a catheter under aseptic conditions; it calls for handling in a sterile manner and the same applies to all tubing and other connecting systems and to the preparation of infusion liquids and drugs. Moreover, the site of insertion has to be correctly selected and the catheter left in place only for the absolutely necesary time. Most effective in the prevention of catheter infections are the so-called maximum barrier measures appllied to the insertion ofCVCs.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• antisepse metody   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• katetrizace centrálních vén metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ochranné prostředky MeSH
• sepse prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zaváděcí katétry využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a major lifestyle risk factor that contributes greatly to the burden of disease, including cancer. Overweight and obesity have shown association with several types of cancer. As Czechia is one of the most overweight countries in Europe, and has high cancer mortality, this study aims to investigate the country's long-term burden of obesity-related cancer. METHODS: Using the Czech National Cancer Register and the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated for 12 types of cancer related to obesity for the years 1985-2018. Population attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated. Finally, the standardized attributable rates were calculated from the standardized incidence and mortality rates and the PAFs. RESULTS: Approximately 11.0% of selected cancer cases in the male population and 12.3% in the female population were attributable to overweight and obesity in 2018. Since the beginning of the millennium, obesity attributable cancer mortality has dropped, while incidence has remained constant. The incidence throughout the whole period was almost twice as high (18.7 cases per 100,000 population in 2018) in women than in men (10.9 cases per 100,000 population in 2018). CONCLUSION: Obesity-related cancer mortality in Czechia has declined in the last two decades, but the incidence has remained constant. Given the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in western countries, this issue needs to be prioritized in future healthcare and policy making.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * epidemiologie   MeSH
• nadváha epidemiologie   MeSH
• neinfekční nemoci * MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of patients received ambulatory treatment, highlighting the importance of primary health care (PHC). However, there is limited knowledge regarding PHC workload in Europe during this period. The utilization of COVID-19 PHC indicators could facilitate the efficient monitoring and coordination of the pandemic response. The objective of this study is to describe PHC indicators for disease surveillance and monitoring of COVID-19's impact in Europe. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study employing data obtained through a semi-structured ad hoc questionnaire, which was collectively agreed upon by all participants. The study encompasses PHC settings in 31 European countries from March 2020 to August 2021. Key-informants from each country answered the questionnaire. Main outcome: the identification of any indicator used to describe PHC COVID-19 activity. RESULTS: Out of the 31 countries surveyed, data on PHC information were obtained from 14. The principal indicators were: total number of cases within PHC (Belarus, Cyprus, Italy, Romania and Spain), number of follow-up cases (Croatia, Cyprus, Finland, Spain and Turkey), GP's COVID-19 tests referrals (Poland), proportion of COVID-19 cases among respiratory illnesses consultations (Norway and France), sick leaves issued by GPs (Romania and Spain) and examination and complementary tests (Cyprus). All COVID-19 cases were attended in PHC in Belarus and Italy. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic exposes a crucial deficiency in preparedness for infectious diseases in European health systems highlighting the inconsistent recording of indicators within PHC organizations. PHC standardized indicators and public data accessibility are urgently needed, conforming the foundation for an effective European-level health services response framework against future pandemics.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobní újma zaviněná nemocí MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kypr MeSH

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• infekční nemoci MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• nutriční vědy MeSH
• osobní újma zaviněná nemocí MeSH
• parazitární nemoci MeSH
• primární prevence MeSH
• programy Healthy People MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

Rapid population aging has become a major challenge in the industrialized world and progressive aging is a key reason for making improvement in vaccination a cornerstone of public health strategy. An increase in age-related disorders and conditions is likely to be seen in the near future, and these are risk factors for the occurrence of a number of vaccine-preventable diseases. An improvement in infectious diseases prevention specifically aimed at adults and the elderly can therefore also decrease the burden of these chronic conditions by reducing morbidity, disability, hospital admissions, health costs, mortality rates and, perhaps most importantly, by improving the quality of life. Among adults, it is necessary to identify groups at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases and highlight the epidemiological impact and benefits of vaccinations using an evidence-based approach. This document provides clinical practice guidance on immunization for adults in order to provide recommendations for decision makers and healthcare workers in Europe. Although immunization is considered one of the most impactful and cost-effective public health measures that can be undertaken, vaccination coverage rates among adults are largely lower than the stated goal of ≥ 95% among adults, and stronger efforts are needed to increase coverage in this population. Active surveillance of adult vaccine-preventable diseases, determining the effectiveness of the vaccines approved for marketing in the last 5 y, the efficacy and safety of vaccines in immunocompromised patients, as well as in pregnant women, represent the priorities for future research.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• infekční nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• očkovací schéma * MeSH
• přenos infekční nemoci prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Laribacter hongkongensis is relatively a new name in the list of bacterial pathogens for gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea. Addition of another name increases burden on the enteric infections as a whole. L. hongkongensis belongs to Neisseriaceae family of β subclass Proteobacteria. L. hongkongensis was initially isolated in Hong Kong from blood and empyema of an alcoholic cirrhotic patient in 2001, followed by reports from Korea and China, representing a total of 38 articles in PubMed until April 2013. As of now, there is no report from Indian subcontinent where infectious diarrhea is very much prevalent and a major burden. This review provides information about the microbiological characteristics, consideration of an emerging pathogen, relative pathogenicity, genome and proteome content, resistance toward multiple antibiotics, adaptability to different stress, and other features since its time of discovery. Investigation for this bacterium may avoid misidentification as other microbial flora. Further studies like the geographical distribution, type of infection, disease burden, pathogenicity, or genomic exploration of this bacterium will be useful in characterizing them properly. This bacterium may possibly be the emerging threat to public health.

• MeSH
• gastroenteritida mikrobiologie   MeSH
• genom bakteriální MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie   genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• Neisseriaceae genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
• proteom MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Hongkong MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To describe the burden and the predictors of genital warts (GWs) in Czech men and women. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted of 32 974 randomly selected health clinic attendees from all 14 regions of the Czech Republic. Information on GWs and lifestyle behaviour was collected using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Results revealed a 5.8% prevalence rate of self-reported GWs in the Czech population aged 16-55 years. There was an increase in the incidence of GWs in the years 2010-2013 when compared to lifetime incidence rates, from 205.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 191.0-219.7) to 441.8 (95% CI 393.1-490.6) per 100 000 person-years. No significant differences were observed between genders. The strongest risk factors found for GWs were an infected sexual partner (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 114.3, 95% CI 78.9-165.4) and a high number of lifetime sexual partners (adjusted OR 3.36, 95% CI 2.72-4.17 for >14 partners vs. one partner). A novel finding was that 22.7% (95% CI 20.9-24.6%) of participants claimed that the pathology had disappeared spontaneously without medical assistance. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide baseline information for the development and monitoring of prevention strategies against GWs in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kondylomata akuminata epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sexuální partneři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH